Adjuvant chemotherapy for stage I non-seminomatous testicular cancer

Developments in the treatment of stage I testicular nonseminomatous germ cell tumours have aimed primarily at reducing morbidity since the introduction of retroperitoneal lymph node dissection. Surveillance after orchidectomy, i.e. follow-up alone with chemotherapy only for relapsed disease, was found to be logistically and psychologically taxing for patients. Risk factors for relapse were, however, identified from analyses of tumour histology of the orchidectomy specimen.Between September 1988 and April 1992, 20 patients with clinical stage I testicular non-seminomatous germ cell tumours and a relatively high risk of relapse were entered into a prospective study of adjuvant chemotherapy. The chemotherapy regimen consisted of 2 cycles of cisplatin, etoposide and bleomycin. Each cycle of chemotherapy lasted 3 days.There have been no relapses at a median follow-up of 31 months (range 12 - 53 months). Acute and late toxicity have been modest. We have found adjuvant chemotherapy to be effective after orchidectomy in patients with stage I disease with adverse prognostic factors for relapse

Production of UCN by Downscattering in superfluid He4

Ultra-cold neutrons (UCN) are neutrons with energies so low they can be stored in material bottles and magnetic traps. They have been used to provide the currently most accurate experiments on the neutron life time and electric dipole moment. UCN can be produced in superfluid Helium at significantly higher densities than by other methods. The predominant production process is usually by one phonon emission which can only occur at a single incident neutron energy because of momentum and energy conservation. However UCN can also be produced by multiphonon processes. It is the purpose of this work to examine this multiphonon production of UCN. We look at several different incident neutron spectra, including cases where the multiphonon production is significant, and see how the relative importance of multiphonon production is influenced by the incident spectrum.Comment: 3 figures, improved presentation after comments from xxx reader

IRMPD spectroscopy sheds new (InfraRed) light on the sulfate pattern of carbohydrates

Contains fulltext : 169008.pdf (publisher's version ) (Closed access

Cell wall glycans and soluble factors determine the interactions between the hyphae of Candida albicans and Pseudomonas aeruginosa

The fungus, Candida albicans, and the bacterium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, are opportunistic human pathogens that have been coisolated from diverse body sites. Pseudomonas aeruginosa suppresses C. albicans proliferation in vitro and potentially in vivo but it is the C. albicans hyphae that are killed while yeast cells are not. We show that hyphal killing involves both contact-mediated and soluble factors. Bacterial culture filtrates contained heat-labile soluble factors that killed C. albicans hyphae. In cocultures, localized points of hyphal lysis were observed, suggesting that adhesion and subsequent bacteria-mediated cell wall lysis is involved in the killing of C. albicans hyphae. The glycosylation status of the C. albicans cell wall affected the rate of contact-dependent killing because mutants with severely truncated O-linked, but not N-linked, glycans were hypersensitive to Pseudomonas-mediated killing. Deletion of HWP1, ALS3 or HYR1, which encode major hypha-associated cell wall proteins, had no effect on fungal susceptibility

Coulomb Gauge QCD, Confinement, and the Constituent Representation

Quark confinement and the genesis of the constituent quark model are examined in nonperturbative QCD in Coulomb gauge. We employ a self-consistent method to construct a quasiparticle basis and to determine the quasiparticle interaction. The results agree remarkably well with lattice computations. They also illustrate the mechanism by which confinement and constituent quarks emerge, provide support for the Gribov-Zwanziger confinement scenario, clarify several perplexing issues in the constituent quark model, and permit the construction of an improved model of low energy QCD.Comment: 43 pages, 14 figures, revtex, uses psfig.st

Scattering mechanism in a step-modulated subwavelength metal slit: a multi-mode multi-reflection analysis

In this paper, the scattering/transmission inside a step-modulated subwavelength metal slit is investigated in detail. We firstly investigate the scattering in a junction structure by two types of structural changes. The variation of transmission and reflection coefficients depending on structural parameters are analyzed. Then a multi-mode multi-reflection model based on ray theory is proposed to illustrate the transmission in the step-modulated slit explicitly. The key parts of this model are the multi-mode excitation and the superposition procedure of the scatterings from all possible modes, which represent the interference and energy transfer happened at interfaces. The method we use is an improved modal expansion method (MEM), which is a more practical and efficient version compared with the previous one [Opt. Express 19, 10073 (2011)]. In addition, some commonly used methods, FDTD, scattering matrix method, and improved characteristic impedance method, are compared with MEM to highlight the preciseness of these methods.Comment: 25 pages, 9 figure

I=3/2 KπK \pi Scattering in the Nonrelativisitic Quark Potential Model

We study $I=3/2$ elastic $K\pi$ scattering to Born order using nonrelativistic quark wavefunctions in a constituent-exchange model. This channel is ideal for the study of nonresonant meson-meson scattering amplitudes since s-channel resonances do not contribute significantly. Standard quark model parameters yield good agreement with the measured S- and P-wave phase shifts and with PCAC calculations of the scattering length. The P-wave phase shift is especially interesting because it is nonzero solely due to $SU(3)_f$ symmetry breaking effects, and is found to be in good agreement with experiment given conventional values for the strange and nonstrange constituent quark masses.Comment: 12 pages + 2 postscript figures, Revtex, MIT-CTP-210