Differential regulation of reactive oxygen species in dimorphic chloroplasts of single cell C4 plant Bienertia sinuspersici during drought and salt stress

Single cell C4 (SCC4) plants, discovered around two decades ago, are promising materials for efforts for genetic engineering of C4 photosynthesis into C3 crops. Unlike C4 plants with Kranz anatomy, they exhibit a fully functional C4 photosynthesis in just a single cell and do not require mesophyll and bundle sheath cell spatial separation. Bienertia sinuspersici is one such SCC4 plant, with NAD-malic enzyme (NAD-ME) subtype C4 photosynthesis. Its chlorenchyma cell consist of two compartments, peripheral compartment (PC), analogous to mesophyll cell, and central compartment (CC), analogous to bundle sheath cell. Since oxidative stress creates an important constraint for plants under salinity and drought, we comparatively examined the response of enzymatic antioxidant system, H2O2 and TBARS contents, peroxiredoxin Q, NADPH thioredoxin reductase C, and plastid terminal oxidase protein levels of PC chloroplasts (PCC) and CC chloroplasts (CCC). Except for protein levels, these parameters were also examined on the whole leaf level, as well as catalase and NADPH oxidase activities, water status and growth parameters, and levels of C4 photosynthesis related transcripts. Many C4 photosynthesis related transcript levels were elevated, especially under drought. Activities of dehydroascorbate reductase and especially peroxidase were elevated under drought in both compartments (CCC and PCC). Even though decreases of antioxidant enzyme activities were more prevalent in PCC, and the examined redox regulating protein levels, especially of peroxiredoxin Q, were elevated in CCC under both stresses, PCC was less damaged by either stress. These suggest PCC is more tolerant and has other means of preventing or alleviating oxidative damage

Renal complications of lipodystrophy: A closer look at the natural history of kidney disease

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/144612/1/cen13732_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/144612/2/cen13732.pd

Human Rights Violations and Public Support for Sanctions

Domestic public support for taking punitive action against a human right violating country is often the main driving force for economic sanctions. However, imposing sanctions is a complex foreign policy instrument, varying greatly in effectiveness, costs on the sender and the differential harm inflicted upon the target population and leadership. How do individuals form their opinion in such a complex issue? Our research examines that an individual makes a multidimensional trade-off by jointly reflecting on several contextual factors that affect the perception of morality as well as the cost-benefit analysis

Reactive oxygen species: Connecting eustress, hormesis, and allostasis in plants

Hormesis, priming, and allostasis, three fields related to stress tolerance and toxicity, have much to say about reactive oxygen species (ROS), oxidative stress, and antioxidants. Among them, hormesis is a phenomenon that received much attention in the last two decades, and is about how toxic substances and stressful conditions often have a biphasic dose-response curve, showing that these substances and conditions have a beneficial effect at low doses. Another field, priming studies, has also been popular lately. H2O2 priming studies show that H2O2, a ROS, confers cross-tolerance to plants when applied at low doses, a classic example of eustress, as argued here. Last of the three is allostasis. A concept arising from human and mammalian studies, it shows that the stress response of the organism is beneficial in the short term and damaging in the long term. The existence of allostasis in plants has not been explored so far. In this article, it is proposed that hormesis, eustress (and H2O2 priming as eustress), and allostasis are all connected via ROS and oxidative stress in plants. These connections are elaborated and a workable approach for antioxidant activity is presented, with allostasis complementing hormesis in the temporal dimension. This approach can be used to explain the observed antioxidant activity decrease under prolonged or heavy stress in some studies. Evidence for the debated existence of eustress is also presented, and it is argued as an example of allostasis

Satisfaction After Restoring Aesthetics and Function in a Child with Amelogenesis Imperfecta: A Case Report

WOS: 000406500600009Amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) is a hereditary disorder that disrupts the formation of enamel in both primary and permanent dentition. Management of AI is a challenge for the patient and the clinician. This case report presents the management of AI in a sixyear-old female patient. Considering the patient's age, we decided to make removable dentures in order to avoid growth and development problems. Conventional complete dentures were made, vertical dimension was increased, and the desired aesthetics and function were gained. Additionally, satisfaction with prosthodontic rehabilitation was evaluated using a questionnaire. A high level of patient and parent satisfaction was obtained. Treatment planning for patients with AI is related to many factors including the age and socioeconomic status of the patient, the type and severity of the disorder, the intraoral situation at the time the treatment is planned and most importantly, cooperation of the patient plays a major role

Redox regulation in C3 and C4 plants during climate change and its implications on food security

Abstract Achieving food security and sustainable food production is a major challenge for plant scientists. To accomplish this, the global food production needs not only to be remarkably boosted, but it has to be achieved under harsh environmental conditions. Moreover, the climate change scenarios estimate an enhanced pressure on crop yields in the upcoming decades. C4 photosynthesis is highly promising to meet these challenges to global food production. Under current CO2 levels, C4 photosynthesis is more efficient than C3 photosynthesis, but more data is needed to map out its response under elevated CO2 (eCO2) conditions. Growing evidence also suggests that C4 photosynthesis could be more efficient in water use under eCO2. Production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is an inevitable consequence of oxygenic photosynthesis and is also one of the first responses to environmental stresses. C3 and C4 plants have different ROS profiles, mainly because of reduced photorespiration in the latter. Moreover, the effects of eCO2 on C3 and especially C4 plants remain poorly understood. Since C3 and C4 plants have different ROS production patterns, it is likely that ROS signalling and downstream effects on growth and development differ between C3 and C4 plants, which may result in different response to eCO2. This would also be reflected in reproductive success and crop yields. Here we evaluate the recent literature on C3 and C4 plant responses to climate change conditions from the abiotic stress tolerance and food security perspectives, with redox connections. Current body of knowledge suggests engineering C4 photosynthesis into major crops to be a viable way to increase yield, but such attempts have failed because of a lack of basic knowledge in this area. Therefore, this article also aims to fill this gap from the redox perspective

The effects of annealing temperature on RF-coated GZO thin films on n-Si and PET substrates

In this study, the effects of thermal annealing on RF-coated GZO thin films on n-Si and PET substrates at room temperature at 200 W RF power were investigated systematically. Deposited film on the n-Si substrate was annealed at range of 100 - 600 degrees C for 1 hour in air at atmospheric pressure with CTA. UV-Vis measurements of flexible films prepared at 100 and 200 degrees C were evaluated due to the deterioration of the PET substrate form at 300 degrees C temperature. The energy band gaps of the films were found as 3.10 and 3.30 eV, respectively. It was revealed from the XRD results that GZO films grown on Si have c-oriented hexagonal wurtzite structure. UV sensor fabrication was performed from the flexible GZO film annealed at 200 degrees C with the highest band gap energy. The UV-light sensitivity of the produced sensor was determined by I-V measurements in light (lambda = 365 nm) and dark conditions. Photo-sensitivity of the flexible sensor was found to be 8.07 at 2V

Diabetic Foot Ulcers: A Neglected Complication of Lipodystrophy

Balci, Ali/0000-0002-5781-2910; Adiyaman, Suleyman Cem/0000-0001-5404-9270WOS: 000571872200014PubMed: 32801128[No abstract available]Turkiye Egitim Vakfi (TEV) Lipodystrophy Grant; Lipodystrophy Fund at the University of MichiganNo funding was received specifically for this study. B.A. was supported by the Turkiye Egitim Vakfi (TEV) Lipodystrophy Grant. E.A.O. was partially supported by the Lipodystrophy Fund at the University of Michigan, graciously contributed by the Sopha Family and the White Point Foundation of Turkey

Performance Analysis of Data Mining Techniques for Improving the Accuracy of Wind Power Forecast Combination

Efficient integration of renewable energy sources into the electricity grid has become one of the challenging problems in recent years. This issue is more critical especially for unstable energy sources such as wind. The focus of this work is the performance analysis of several alternative wind forecast combination models in comparison to the current forecast combination module of the wind power monitoring and forecast system of Turkey, developed within the course of the RITM project. These accuracy improvement studies are within the scope of data mining approaches, Association Rule Mining (ARM), Distance-based approach, Decision Trees and k-Nearest Neighbor (k-NN) classification algorithms and comparative results of the algorithms are presented