9 research outputs found
Psychological Time: Interval Length Judgments and Subjective Passage of Time Judgments
Time perception encompasses different subjective time experiences, like: (1) interval length (duration) estimation, and (2) subjective passage of time judgments, defined as the perceived speed of time passage. This study aims to investigate and clarify the impact of task difficulty, temporal relevance and hedonic interest on both interval length judgments and subjective passage of time judgments. Another aim of the study is to investigate whether interval length judgments and subjective passage of time judgments are related. The results of the present study indicate that task difficulty and temporal relevance have a significant impact on interval length judgments. In terms of their interaction, the results show that when the task is simple, a high temporal relevance leads to interval length overestimates. Another major finding of this study was that subjective time passage judgments seem to be affected by the same factors as interval length estimation. In other words, results indicate that both temporal relevance and level of task difficulty have a significant impact on subjective time passage judgments. Also, we found a significant correlation between interval length judgments and subjective passage of time judgments, indicating that a longer interval estimate is associated with a slower perceived time passage.The results of the present study are discussed in terms of the attentional models of time perception.La perception du temps comprend : (1) la longueur perçue de l'intervalle, et (2) la vitesse perçue du temps (le passage subjectif du temps).Cette étude a pour objectif d’examiner et de clarifier l'impact de trois variables (la difficulté de la tâche, la pression du temps et l'intérêt sur la tache) sur la longueur perçue de l'intervalle et sur la vitesse perçue du temps. Un autre but de l'étude est d'examiner si la longueur de l'intervalle et la vitesse perçue du temps sont liées.Les résultats de la présente étude indiquent que la difficulté de la tâche et la pression du temps ont un impact significatif sur la longueur perçue de l'intervalle. En ce qui concerne leur interaction, les résultats montrent que lorsque la tâche est simple, une grande pression temporelle conduit à une surestimation de la longueur de l'intervalle. Un autre résultat important de cette étude est que la vitesse perçue du temps est affectée par les mêmes variables que la longueur perçue de l'intervalle. Les résultats indiquent que la pression du temps et la difficulté de la tâche ont un impact significatif sur la vitesse perçue du temps. Nous avons trouvé une corrélation significative entre la longueur perçue de l'intervalle et la vitesse perçue du temps.Les résultats de cette étude sont discutés en termes de modèles d'attention de la perception du temps
Diagnostic yield of renal biopsies: a retrospective single center review
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Previous studies have examined the spectrum of diseases identified with a kidney biopsy and the complications of the procedure. However, few studies have examined the utility of the test to clarify the diagnosis and guide treatment of pediatric patients. This retrospective, single-center chart review was performed to test the hypothesis that at least 80% of native kidney biopsies provide clinically valuable information that rationally guides diagnosis and patient management.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>200 biopsies performed between January 1, 2000 and June 30, 2008 were reviewed. A scheme composed of six categories was devised to classify the utility of each kidney biopsy.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>196 complete case files were available for review. Twenty-four (12.2%) biopsies did not shed light on the diagnosis and were unhelpful in patient management – 21 biopsies (10.7%) were non-diagnostic and 3 (1.5%) failed to yield enough tissue for examination. The number of unhelpful biopsies did not cluster in any specific disease entity.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Our findings provide guidance to nephrologists about the total risk of a kidney biopsy, including uninformative results, when seeking informed consent for the procedure. The results suggest an appropriate balance has been reached which maximizes the use of kidney biopsies while minimizing the risk of this invasive procedure (word count: 202).</p
IgA Nephropathy: A Twenty Year Retrospective Single Center Experience
IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is a common glomerular disease whose etiology is unknown. Previous studies have described the clinical and laboratory features but none have specifically compared patients during different time periods. This 20 year retrospective study was performed to assess trends in the severity of IgAN from 1989–2008. We reviewed 57 patient charts that contained a confirmed biopsy diagnosis of IgAN and recorded data at the time of diagnosis and the final follow-up appointment. Clinical data included physical examination, urine, and blood tests. Patients were separated into two cohorts, Cohort 1 1989–1998 and Cohort 2 1999–2008. An increase in severity was noted in Cohort 2 based on a significantly higher Up/c and lower serum albumin level. Other prognostic indicators including GFRe, hematocrit, and glomerular injury score also demonstrated a trend towards more severe disease over the past 20 years. The patients in both Cohorts received similar treatments and had comparable renal function at the last follow-up visit. Based on our findings, we suggest that although a kidney biopsy is required to diagnose IgAN, the procedure may not be necessary in patients clinically suspected of having the disease but who have normal kidney function and minimal urine abnormalities