Zelené řasy dominující ve fytoplanktonu dvou kyselých jezer: taxonomické postavení, fylogenetické vztahy a odolnost vůči kovům

Cílem této diplomové práce bylo objasnit taxonomické postavení a fylogenetické vztahy planktonních řas dominujících ve dvou kyselých jezerech s vysokou koncentrací kovů (Hromnické jezírko a Plešné jezero, Česká republika) a porovnat tyto izoláty s jinými blízce příbuznými kmeny s důrazem na toleranci k různým toxickým kovům (Cr, Al, Cu, Mn, Zn, Hg). Fylogenetické analýzy ukázaly, že oba kmeny patří k druhu Coccomyxa simplex. Poprvé tak bylo prokázáno, že právě tento druh se může stát dominantní planktonní řasou v extrémním prostředí kyselých jezer se zvýšeným přísunem fosforu. Na základě analýzy 18S rDNA bylo možné v rámci rodu Coccomyxa rozlišit čtyři nezávislé fylogenetické linie, z nichž tři obsahují sladkovodní izoláty z kyselého prostředí. Z různých chemických roztoků byly získány nové kmeny nedávno popsaného druhu Coccomyxa polymorpha. Z testů toxicity vyplynulo, že kmeny druhu Coccomyxa simplex vyizolované z Hromnického jezírka a z Plešného jezera nevykazují zvýšenou odolnost k vysoké koncentraci kovů. V případě hliníku byla reakce kmenů výrazně odlišná, ale nezávisela na koncentraci tohoto kovu v prostředí, odkud byl kmen vyizolován. Schopnost tohoto druhu přežít v extrémním prostředí je pravděpodobně daná jinými faktory, než je zvýšená tolerance k toxickým účinkům kovů. Klíčová slova:...The aim of this diploma thesis was to reveal the taxonomic position and phylogenetic relationships of the dominant planktonic algae in two acid metal-rich lakes (Hromnice Lake and Plešné Lake, Czech Republic) and to compare these isolates with other closely related strains with the focus on the tolerance to various toxic metals (Cr, Al, Cu, Mn, Zn, Hg). The phylogenetic analyses showed that both strains belong to species Coccomyxa simplex. It was the first evidence that specifically this species is capable to become the dominant phytoplankton alga in the extreme environment of acid lakes with increased supply of phosphorus. Based on 18S rDNA analysis, four independent phylogenetic lineages were revealed within the genus Coccomyxa with three of them containing isolates from acid freshwaters. Furthermore, new strains of the recently described species Coccomyxa polymorpha were found growing in various chemical solutions. The toxicity test revealed that Coccomyxa simplex strains isolated from Hromnice and Plešné lakes did not show any peculiar resistance to increased metal concentrations. A significantly strain-specific response was recorded in case of aluminum, however, it was not related to the concentration of this metal in the original habitat. The ability to thrive in extreme habitats is probably...Department of EcologyKatedra ekologiePřírodovědecká fakultaFaculty of Scienc

Taxonomic position, phylogenetic relationships and metal resistance of green algae dominating in phytoplankton of two acid lakes

The aim of this diploma thesis was to reveal the taxonomic position and phylogenetic relationships of the dominant planktonic algae in two acid metal-rich lakes (Hromnice Lake and Plešné Lake, Czech Republic) and to compare these isolates with other closely related strains with the focus on the tolerance to various toxic metals (Cr, Al, Cu, Mn, Zn, Hg). The phylogenetic analyses showed that both strains belong to species Coccomyxa simplex. It was the first evidence that specifically this species is capable to become the dominant phytoplankton alga in the extreme environment of acid lakes with increased supply of phosphorus. Based on 18S rDNA analysis, four independent phylogenetic lineages were revealed within the genus Coccomyxa with three of them containing isolates from acid freshwaters. Furthermore, new strains of the recently described species Coccomyxa polymorpha were found growing in various chemical solutions. The toxicity test revealed that Coccomyxa simplex strains isolated from Hromnice and Plešné lakes did not show any peculiar resistance to increased metal concentrations. A significantly strain-specific response was recorded in case of aluminum, however, it was not related to the concentration of this metal in the original habitat. The ability to thrive in extreme habitats is probably..

Diverzita mikrořas z extrémních habitatů: propojení fylogeneze a ekologie

The diversity of microalgae from extreme habitats is far from being fully explored and understood. This is due, in part, to limited sampling efforts along with complex algal taxonomy and systematics. In particular, little investigated extremely acidic (pH < 3.0) and polar habitats might veil novel, undescribed species. This doctoral thesis aimed to study algal strains isolated from acidic or acidic and hot, and cold environments using a polyphasic approach. It focused on coccoid (Coccomyxa and Watanabea), monadoid (Chloromonas and its relatives) and saccoderm (Cylindrocystis) green microalgae from the classes Trebouxiophyceae, Chlorophyceae, and Zygnematophyceae, respectively. In addition, coccoid red algae (Galdieria) from the class Cyanidiophyceae were covered. The main research methods included light and transmission electron microscopy combined with Sanger sequencing. Nuclear 18S rDNA and plastid rbcL sequences were used for construction of phylogenetic trees for taxonomic position evaluation. Comparisons of secondary structure models of the highly variable ITS2 rDNA molecular marker served for a more detailed genetic relationship estimation among close relatives. Results have shown that Coccomyxa and Watanabea are present in extremely acidic lakes and that acidity and increased availability of...in Czech Diverzita mikrořas z extrémních habitatů není zcela prozkoumaná, což je zřejmě způsobeno omezeným úsilím, které bylo dosud věnováno sběru vzorků z často nehostinných prostředí, spolu s komplikovanou taxonomií a systematikou řas. Zejména v málo prozkoumaných extrémně kyselých (pH < 3.0) a polárních habitatech se mohou vyskytovat nové, dosud nepopsané druhy. Cílem této disertační práce bylo polyfázické studium řasových kmenů z extrémních stanovišť s nízkým pH, s nízkým pH v kombinaci s vysokými teplotami a z polárních oblastí. Práce je zaměřena na kokální zelené řasy z třídy Trebouxiophyceae (rody Coccomyxa a Watanabea), monadoidní zelené řasy z třídy Chlorophyceae (Chloromonas a příbuzné rody) a saccodermní zelené řasy z třídy Zygnematophyceae (rod Cylindrocystis). Dále se zabývá kokálními ruduchami z třídy Cyanidiophyceae (rod Galdieria). Hlavní metody výzkumu získaných řasových kmenů zahrnovaly světelnou a transmisní elektronovou mikroskopii a Sangerovo sekvenování jaderných a chloroplastových molekulárních markerů. Jaderné (18S rDNA) a plastidové (rbcL) sekvence byly použity na rekonstrukci fylogenetických stromů a na vyhodnocení taxonomického postavení studovaných organismů. Porovnání modelů sekundární struktury jaderné ITS2 rDNA jako vysoce variabilního molekulárního markeru sloužilo...Department of EcologyKatedra ekologiePřírodovědecká fakultaFaculty of Scienc

Diversity of microalgae from extreme habitats: linking phylogeny and ecology

The diversity of microalgae from extreme habitats is far from being fully explored and understood. This is due, in part, to limited sampling efforts along with complex algal taxonomy and systematics. In particular, little investigated extremely acidic (pH < 3.0) and polar habitats might veil novel, undescribed species. This doctoral thesis aimed to study algal strains isolated from acidic or acidic and hot, and cold environments using a polyphasic approach. It focused on coccoid (Coccomyxa and Watanabea), monadoid (Chloromonas and its relatives) and saccoderm (Cylindrocystis) green microalgae from the classes Trebouxiophyceae, Chlorophyceae, and Zygnematophyceae, respectively. In addition, coccoid red algae (Galdieria) from the class Cyanidiophyceae were covered. The main research methods included light and transmission electron microscopy combined with Sanger sequencing. Nuclear 18S rDNA and plastid rbcL sequences were used for construction of phylogenetic trees for taxonomic position evaluation. Comparisons of secondary structure models of the highly variable ITS2 rDNA molecular marker served for a more detailed genetic relationship estimation among close relatives. Results have shown that Coccomyxa and Watanabea are present in extremely acidic lakes and that acidity and increased availability of..

Diversity of microalgae from extreme habitats: linking phylogeny and ecology

The diversity of microalgae from extreme habitats is far from being fully explored and understood. This is due, in part, to limited sampling efforts along with complex algal taxonomy and systematics. In particular, little investigated extremely acidic (pH < 3.0) and polar habitats might veil novel, undescribed species. This doctoral thesis aimed to study algal strains isolated from acidic or acidic and hot, and cold environments using a polyphasic approach. It focused on coccoid (Coccomyxa and Watanabea), monadoid (Chloromonas and its relatives) and saccoderm (Cylindrocystis) green microalgae from the classes Trebouxiophyceae, Chlorophyceae, and Zygnematophyceae, respectively. In addition, coccoid red algae (Galdieria) from the class Cyanidiophyceae were covered. The main research methods included light and transmission electron microscopy combined with Sanger sequencing. Nuclear 18S rDNA and plastid rbcL sequences were used for construction of phylogenetic trees for taxonomic position evaluation. Comparisons of secondary structure models of the highly variable ITS2 rDNA molecular marker served for a more detailed genetic relationship estimation among close relatives. Results have shown that Coccomyxa and Watanabea are present in extremely acidic lakes and that acidity and increased availability of..

Data

Genomic assemblies of Hydrocytium acuminatum and Gormaniella terricola + mitochondrial genome of Hydrocytium acuminatum + nuclear, mitochondrial and plastid gene alignments</p