Economic Fluctuations, Child Mortality and Policy Considerations in the Least Developed Countries

Between 1990 and 2010 child mortality decreased in general terms in the Least Developed Countries (LDCs), although the differences between countries over time are significant. This paper examines the relationship between short-term economic fluctuations and changes in child mortality in the LDCs during the period 1990-2010. Unlike other studies, we consider a large group of LDCs and provide empirical evidence of the asymmetrical effects of variations in Gross Domestic Product per capita on the evolution of child mortality rate in periods of economic recession and expansion. The significance of said effects diminishes when other relevant socio-economic control variables are considered, and some development policy considerations are addressed in order to achieve the Millennium Development Goal 4 target

Impacto del ciclo económico sobre la evolución de la supervivencia infantil en el mundo en desarrollo. Determinantes de la pobreza infantil en Europa

El presente trabajo se corresponde con dos investigaciones relacionadas con la infancia en situación de riesgo y vulnerabilidad. A) Examinamos la correspondencia entre las fluctuaciones económicas cíclicas y la evolución de la mortalidad infantil en los Países Menos Adelantados (PMA) durante el periodo 1990-2010, poniendo de manifiesto efectos asimétricos de las fluctuaciones económicas sobre la evolución de la mortalidad infantil en periodos de recesión y expansión económica. B) Valoramos en qué medida las diferencias en la tasa de pobreza infantil entre los países europeos pueden explicarse simultáneamente por características de los hogares (perspectiva micro) y por factores específicos de cada país (perspectiva macro), tales como prestaciones económicas en el ámbito de la protección a la infancia o situación socio-laboral general.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Impacto del ciclo económico sobre la evolución de la supervivencia infantil en los países menos adelantados

Entre 1990 y 2010 la mortalidad infantil ha decrecido en los Países Menos Adelantados (PMA) en términos generales, aunque con significativas diferencias entre países y entre periodos. Obviamente, dicha evolución se ha visto afectada por la situación económica de los países. Este trabajo examina la relación a corto plazo entre las fluctuaciones económicas y la evolución de la mortalidad infantil en los PMA durante el periodo 1990-2010. Para ello, realizamos un análisis de varianza discriminando entre periodos con crecimiento y decrecimiento en el Producto Interior Bruto (PIB) per cápita, que complementamos con un análisis de regresión para datos de panel con objeto de comprobar los efectos asimétricos de las variaciones del PIB per cápita sobre las tasas de mortalidad infantil en periodos de recesión y expansión económica. La significatividad de los efectos de los cambios en la coyuntura económica se reduce cuando consideramos variables control como el nivel educativo de las mujeres, la prevalencia del SIDA y la tasa bruta de natalidad.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

El divorcio, consideraciones en la configuración del elemento objetivo en causal de separación de hecho

Este trabajo de suficiencia profesional tiene por objeto analizar la Casación N°2039-2020-Lambayeque, derivada de un proceso judicial de derecho privado en materia de familia, la cual expone lleva a reflexionar las consideraciones en la configuración del elemento objetivo en la causal de separación de hecho. El caso inicia con la demanda interpuesta por el señor T.E.T.M. contra la señora N.J.A.M., mediante la cual solicita la disolución del vínculo matrimonial, el fenecimiento de la sociedad de gananciales y el cese de la obligación alimentaria. La resolución de primera instancia declara infundada la demanda fundamentada en que la demandada negó que exista separación, evidenciándose de los medios probatorios presentados que ambos mantienen el mismo domicilio real. Tras la apelación por la Sala Superior confirmó la sentencia. En casación, la Corte Suprema declaró nula la sentencia de vista e insubsistente la sentencia de primera instancia. Las fuentes consultadas para esta investigación están enfocadas en las fuentes formales, siendo normas jurídicas, la jurisprudencia y la doctrina, las mismas que serán desarrolladas ampliamente en el presente trabajo, de forma específica, para un adecuado análisis se consideró la revisión del Tercer Pleno Casatorio Civil y el Código Civil Peruano. Se concluye que si los jueces no realizan una adecuada valoración de las pruebas, que configuran el elemento objetivo en la causal de separación de hecho en los procesos de divorcio, no estarán motivando adecuadamente su decisión, lo que desencadena en subjetividad, vulnerando el derecho a la tutela efectiva y al debido proceso de las partes.This work of professional proficiency aims to analyze Cassation No. 2039-2020-Lambayeque, derived from a private law judicial process in family matters, which exposes leads to reflection on the considerations in the configuration of the objective element in the cause of de facto separation. The case begins with the lawsuit filed by Mr. T.E.T.M. against Mrs. N.J.A.M., through which she requests the dissolution of the marriage bond, the termination of the community property and the cessation of the maintenance obligation. The first instance resolution declares unfounded the claim based on the fact that the defendant denied that there is separation, showing from the evidence presented that both maintain the same real address. After the appeal by the Superior Chamber, the sentence was confirmed. On appeal, the Supreme Court declared the hearing ruling null and void and the first instance ruling unsubstantiated. The sources consulted for this research are focused on formal sources, being legal norms, jurisprudence and doctrine, which will be widely developed in this work, specifically, for an adequate analysis the review of the Third Casatorio Plenary is specified. . Civil and the Peruvian Civil Code. It is concluded that if the judges do not carry out an adequate assessment of the evidence, which constitutes the objective element in the cause of de facto separation in divorce proceedings, they will not be adequately motivating their decision, which triggers subjectivity, violating the right to effective protection and due process of the parties.Trabajo de Suficiencia Profesiona

An evaluation of the nutritional quality of four ecotype quinua plants with a potential use for fodder in the area of San Juan, Argentina

La Quinua puede usarse para alimentar ganado en estado de plántula hasta inicio de floración, como forraje en verde, o conservándolo con procesos de ensilado. En la actualidad hay poca información sobre el uso de la quinua como forrajera a nivel nacional como regional. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la calidad nutricional y aptitud forrajera de diferentes ecotipos de quinua, con el fin de conocer su potencialidad productiva en la zona y emplearla como forraje en zonas áridas y semiáridas. Se trabajó en bloques al azar, cada bloque corresponde a dos distintos momentos de siembra, dichos bloques se dividieron en 4 repeticiones por ecotipo. Se usaron plantas en estado de floración de los 4 ecotipos del centro y sur de Chile: Villarrica, Cahuil, Faro y Cancosa. Se tomaron muestras antes de floración en el primer momento de siembra y se analizó el porcentaje de Fibra Detergente Neutra y Acida (FDN y FDA), Proteína Bruta (PB), Extracto Etéreo (EE), Cenizas (C) y Digestibilidad (D). Los datos se analizaron con ANOVA y la separación de medias con Test LSD Fisher. Solo se encontraron diferencias significativas entre ecotipos en la cantidad de PB y C. Los ecotipos Faro y Cahuil presentaron los valores más altos en PB con 21,47 y 21,98% respectivamente, mientras que tuvo bajos valores de FDA y FDN. Sin embargo en Cahuil se determinó el más alto valor en C comparado con el resto de los ecotipos (27,59%). Los ecotipos cultivados presentaron muy buen valor nutricional, demostrando gran potencial como alternativa forrajera en zona árida y semiáridas bajo riego. Los demás parámetros fueron similares entre ecotipos. Concluímos que Cahuil y Faro serían potencialmente más aptos para emplearse como complemento forrajero debido a los altos parámetros nutricionales cuantificados.The Quinua can be used for cattle feed from its seedling period until the flowering onset either as green fodder or stored with ensilage processes. Nowadays, there is very little information about the uses of Quinoa as fodder, either at a national or at a regional level. The objective of this research paper is to evaluate the nutritional quality and the forage capacity of different quinoa ecotypes in order to determine its productive potential in the region and evaluate its use as fodder in semi arid and arid areas. This study was carried out in two blocks; each block corresponds to two different moments of the planting time. The blocks were divided into 4 segments called repetitions and each repetition contains 4 ecotypes of Quinoa which were disposed randomly. The plants used in this study were in their flowering state and belong to four ecotypes from southern and central areas of Chile: Villarrica, Cahuil, Faro and Cancosa. The first samples were taken before the flowering period during the first moment of the planting time. The percentage was analyzed for the following: Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF) and Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF), Crude Protein (CP), Ether Extract, Ashes (A), and Digestibility. The data were analyzed with ANOVA and the separation of measurements with the LSD Test Fisher. The only significant difference among the ecotypes were found in the amount of CP and A. The ecotypes Faro and Cahuil presented the highest percentages in PB, with 21, 47 and 21, 98 respectively while the percentages in ADF and NDF were relatively low. However, Cahuil showed the highest percentage in C compared to the rest of ecotypes (27.59%). The ecotypes presented a significant Nutritional value, showing a great protential as an alternative type of fodder in arid and semiarid zones under artificial watering. The values were similar for the rest of the ecotypes. To sum up, Cahuil and Faro seem to be potentially more adequate to use used as a fodder complement due to their high nutritional quantified parameters.EEA San JuanFil: De Vita, C. Universidad Nacional de San Juan (UNSJ). Facultad de Ingeniería Agronómica; ArgentinaFil: Zingaretti, A. Universidad Nacional de San Juan (UNSJ). Facultad de Ingeniería Agronómica; ArgentinaFil: García, M. Universidad Nacional de San Juan (UNSJ). Facultad de Ingeniería Agronómica; ArgentinaFil: Gaggiotti, Monica Del Carmen. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela; Argentina.Fil: Roqueiro, Gonzalo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria San Juan; Argentina.Fil: Allende, Mario Daniel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria San Juan; Argentina.Fil: Bárcena, Nadia. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria San Juan; Argentina

Peripheral T-cell lymphoma: Molecular profiling recognizes subclasses and identifies prognostic markers

Peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) is a clinically aggressive disease, with a poor response to therapy and a low overall survival rate of approximately 30% after 5 years. We have analyzed a series of 105 cases with a diagnosis of PTCL using a customized NanoString platform (NanoString Technologies, Seattle, WA) that includes 208 genes associated with T-cell differentiation, oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, deregulated pathways, and stromal cell subpopulations. A comparative analysis of the various histological types of PTCL (angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma [AITL]; PTCL with T follicular helper [TFH] phenotype; PTCL not otherwise specified [NOS]) showed that specific sets of genes were associated with each of the diagnoses. These included TFH markers, cytotoxic markers, and genes whose expression was a surrogate for specific cellular subpopulations, including follicular dendritic cells, mast cells, and genes belonging to precise survival (NF-κB) and other pathways. Furthermore, the mutational profile was analyzed using a custom panel that targeted 62 genes in 76 cases distributed in AITL, PTCL-TFH, and PTCL-NOS. The main differences among the 3 nodal PTCL classes involved the RHOAG17V mutations (P < .0001), which were approximately twice as frequent in AITL (34.09%) as in PTCL-TFH (16.66%) cases but were not detected in PTCL-NOS. A multivariate analysis identified gene sets that allowed the series of cases to be stratified into different risk groups. This study supports and validates the current division of PTCL into these 3 categories, identifies sets of markers that can be used for a more precise diagnosis, and recognizes the expression of B-cell genes as an IPI-independent prognostic factor for AITL

Real-life disease monitoring in follicular lymphoma patients using liquid biopsy ultra-deep sequencing and PET/CT

In the present study, we screened 84 Follicular Lymphoma patients for somatic mutations suitable as liquid biopsy MRD biomarkers using a targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) panel. We found trackable mutations in 95% of the lymph node samples and 80% of the liquid biopsy baseline samples. Then, we used an ultra-deep sequencing approach with 2 · 10−4 sensitivity (LiqBio-MRD) to track those mutations on 151 follow-up liquid biopsy samples from 54 treated patients. Positive LiqBio-MRD at first-line therapy correlated with a higher risk of progression both at the interim evaluation (HRINT 11.0, 95% CI 2.10–57.7, p = 0.005) and at the end of treatment (HREOT, HR 19.1, 95% CI 4.10–89.4, p < 0.001). Similar results were observed by PET/CT Deauville score, with a median PFS of 19 months vs. NR (p < 0.001) at the interim and 13 months vs. NR (p < 0.001) at EOT. LiqBio-MRD and PET/CT combined identified the patients that progressed in less than two years with 88% sensitivity and 100% specificity. Our results demonstrate that LiqBio-MRD is a robust and non-invasive approach, complementary to metabolic imaging, for identifying FL patients at high risk of failure during the treatment and should be considered in future response-adapted clinical trials.This study has been funded by Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) and co-funded by the European Union through the projects PI21/00314, PI19/01430, PI19/01518 and PI18/00295, PTQ2020-011372, CP19/00140, CP22/00082, Doctorado industrial CAM IND2020/TIC-17402 and CRIS cancer foundation

A randomized, double-blind study on the efficacy of oral domperidone versus placebo for reducing SARS-CoV-2 viral load in mild-to-moderate COVID-19 patients in primary health care

15 p.-3 fig.-3 tab.Introduction:The clinical effect of domperidone against COVID-19 has been investigated in a double-blind phase III clinical trial (EudraCT number 2021-001228-17). Domperidone has shown in vitro antiviral activity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and potential immudolatory properties through the stimulation of prolactin secretion.Patients and methods:The efficacy of oral domperidone plus standard of care (SOC; n = 87) versus placebo plus SOC (n = 86) was evaluated in a 28-day randomized double-blind multicentre study in primary health care centres. A total of 173 outpatients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 were included. Three daily doses of 10 mg (30 mg/day) of domperidone or placebo were administered for 7 days. Reduction of viral load on day 4 was the primary efficay endpoint. It was estimated in saliva samples by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), as the cycle thresholds detected ORF1ab, N Protein and S Protein genes.Results:A significant reduction in the viral load was observed (p < 0.001) from baseline to days 4, 7 and 14 of the three genes studied with non-significant differences between domperidone and placebo groups. Twenty-three patients (13.3%) experienced adverse events, 14 patients in the domperidone group (16.1%) and 9 patients in the placebo group (10.5%). No patients needed to be hospitalized.Conclusion: Results do not prove the use of domperidone as antiviral in patients with COVID-19.This research was funded by CSIC (grant no. PIE 201980E024) and by the European Commission: NextGeneration EU (Regulation EU 2020/2094) through CSIC’s Global Health Platform (PTI Salud Global). The study sponsor was Agencia Estatal Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, M.P. (CSIC), Madrid, Spain. The sponsor was involved in the design, data interpretation, manuscript review and the decision to submit the article for publication.Peer reviewe