The Bauru Basin in São Paulo and its tetrapods

Funding Information: The authors thank the editors of Derbyana, especially its Editor-in-Chief Silvio T. Hiruma, for the invitation to participate in this volume dedicated to “Advances in Paleontology”. This contribution results from FAPESP grant 2020/07997-4, to which most of the authors are affiliated. We also thank the Derbyana ad-hoc reviewers, Drs. Agustin Martinelli and Fabiano Iori, for their helpful comments to the manuscript. FIGURE 6 – Cumulative chronological distribution of the tetrapod fossil record in the Bauru Basin of São Paulo (1913-2022) compared to science and technology funding metrics and events: A – For all tetrapods; grey bars indicate total records of tables 1-5; green line indicates taxonomic richness (grey lines in Tables 1-5); pink line indicates FAPESP budget in billions of reais between 1976 and 2021 (FAPESP 2022); blue line indicates CNPq, CAPES, and FINEP budget in millions of reais between 1996 and 2018 (ESCOBAR 2019). Events indicated by arrows correspond, in chronological sequence, to the foundations of USP, “Instituto Geográfico e Geológico”, FAPESP, Unicamp, UNESP, “Instituto Geológico”, and Monte Alto Museum of Paleontology, the implementations of the Qualis list, the Lattes curriculum, the CAPES Portal de Periódicos, and the CNPq “grant”, the foundation of the Marília Museum of Paleontology, the release of the first MCT/CNPq public call for “Strengthening National Paleontology”, and the foundation of “Pedro Candolo” Museum of Paleontology. B – Separately for each recorded tetrapod group, coloured lines indicate total of records in tables 1-5 of Anura = light blue, Crocodyliformes = red, Mammalia = purple, Sauropoda = green, Squamata = yellow, Testudines = orange, and Theropoda = dark blue. Publisher Copyright: Copyright © 2022 The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers.The Bauru Basin bears one of the best sampled tetrapod paleofaunas of Brazil, with about 70% of this diversity collected from its deposits in São Paulo. Its fossils are known since the beginning of the 20th century, coming from all stratigraphic units of the Basin cropping-out in the state, i.e., Santo Anastácio, Araçatuba, Adamantina (alternatively divided into Vale do Rio do Peixe, Presidente Prudente, and São José do Rio Preto formations), and Marília formations. Identified taxa include rare anurans, mammals, and squamates, an important set of testudines, theropods (including birds), and sauropods, in addition to one of the most diverse crocodyliform faunas known worldwide. This congregates more than fifty unique taxonomic entities, including 42 formally described species. Based on biostratigraphic correlations (including tetrapods), on few absolute ages, and other sources of evidence, the Bauru Basin deposits in São Paulo seem to be chronologically restricted to the Late Cretaceous, but further investigation is much needed. Finally, the history of research with such fossils highlights the importance of public funding for research and decentralization of university education for the advancement of science.publishersversionpublishe

Mammal responses to global changes in human activity vary by trophic group and landscape

Wildlife must adapt to human presence to survive in the Anthropocene, so it is critical to understand species responses to humans in different contexts. We used camera trapping as a lens to view mammal responses to changes in human activity during the COVID-19 pandemic. Across 163 species sampled in 102 projects around the world, changes in the amount and timing of animal activity varied widely. Under higher human activity, mammals were less active in undeveloped areas but unexpectedly more active in developed areas while exhibiting greater nocturnality. Carnivores were most sensitive, showing the strongest decreases in activity and greatest increases in nocturnality. Wildlife managers must consider how habituation and uneven sensitivity across species may cause fundamental differences in human–wildlife interactions along gradients of human influence.Peer reviewe

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Smicridea (Rhyacophylax) ephippifer Flint 1978

&lt;i&gt;Smicridea&lt;/i&gt; (&lt;i&gt;Rhyacophylax&lt;/i&gt;) &lt;i&gt;ephippifer&lt;/i&gt; Flint 1978 &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Material examined&lt;/b&gt;. &lt;b&gt;BRAZIL: Maranh&atilde;o:&lt;/b&gt; Carolina, Parque Nacional Chapada das Mesas, Riacho Sucuruiu, 07&deg;07'05.6''S, 47&deg;18'31.6''W, 240 m a.s.l., 1 male, 15&ndash;31.vii.2013, J.A. Rafael, F. Limeira-de-Oliveira, T.T. Silva legs., Malaise trap (CZMA).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Known distribution&lt;/b&gt;. BRAZIL (Mato Grosso, Par&aacute;).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Remarks&lt;/b&gt;. This species is recorded for the first time from Northeast Region, Brazil.&lt;/p&gt;Published as part of &lt;i&gt;Desidério, Gleison Robson, Barcelos-Silva, Patrik, De Souza, Wagner Rafael M., Pes, Ana Maria &amp; De Azevêdo, Carlos Augusto S., 2017, Caddisflies (Insecta: Trichoptera) from Maranhão State, Northeast Region, Brazil: A new species, checklist, and new geographical records, pp. 151-171 in Zootaxa 4221 (2)&lt;/i&gt; on page 162, DOI: &lt;a href="http://zenodo.org/record/248618"&gt;10.5281/zenodo.248618&lt;/a&gt

Chimarra (Curgia) jugescens Flint 1998

&lt;i&gt;Chimarra&lt;/i&gt; (&lt;i&gt;Curgia&lt;/i&gt;) &lt;i&gt;jugescens&lt;/i&gt; Flint 1998 &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Material examined&lt;/b&gt;. &lt;b&gt;BRAZIL: Maranh&atilde;o:&lt;/b&gt; Caxias, &Aacute;rea de Prote&ccedil;&atilde;o Ambiental Inhamum, Igarap&eacute; Sumidouro do Padre I, 04&deg;53'28.1&quot;S, 43&deg;25'52.3&quot;W, 448 m a.s.l., 1 male, 20&ndash;21.xii.2014, D. Sousa, G.R. Desid&eacute;rio, S.R.S. Nascimento, M.A.G. Almeida legs., Pennsylvania trap (CZMA), Caxias, &Aacute;rea de Prote&ccedil;&atilde;o Ambiental Inhamum, Igarap&eacute; Sumidouro do Padre II, 04&deg;53'23.6&quot;S, 43&deg;25'53.2&quot;W, 363 m a.s.l., 2 males, 20&ndash;21.xii.2014, G.R. Desid&eacute;rio, S.R.S. Nascimento legs., Pennsylvania trap (CZMA).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Known distribution&lt;/b&gt;. BRAZIL (Amazonas, Par&aacute;).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Remarks&lt;/b&gt;. Previously recorded only in the North Region of Brazil and in the Northeast Region only for the state of Piau&iacute; (Takiya &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;. 2016), this study provides the first record for the state of Maranh&atilde;o [Caxias municipality].&lt;/p&gt;Published as part of &lt;i&gt;Desidério, Gleison Robson, Barcelos-Silva, Patrik, De Souza, Wagner Rafael M., Pes, Ana Maria &amp; De Azevêdo, Carlos Augusto S., 2017, Caddisflies (Insecta: Trichoptera) from Maranhão State, Northeast Region, Brazil: A new species, checklist, and new geographical records, pp. 151-171 in Zootaxa 4221 (2)&lt;/i&gt; on page 167, DOI: &lt;a href="http://zenodo.org/record/248618"&gt;10.5281/zenodo.248618&lt;/a&gt

Macrostemum hyalinum Pictet 1836

&lt;i&gt;Macrostemum hyalinum&lt;/i&gt; (Pictet 1836) &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Material examined&lt;/b&gt;. &lt;b&gt;BRAZIL: Maranh&atilde;o:&lt;/b&gt; Carolina, Parque Nacional Chapada das Mesas, Riacho Estiva, 07&deg;06'59.8''S, 47&deg;21'21.0''W, 265 m a.s.l., 6 males, 20&ndash;31.x.2013, J.A. Rafael, F. Limeira-de-Oliveira, T.T. Silva legs., Malaise trap (CZMA); Carolina, Parque Nacional Chapada das Mesas, Riacho Sucuruiu, 07&deg;07'05.6''S, 47&deg;18'31.6''W, 240 m a.s.l., 1 male, 20&ndash;30.iv.2014, J.A. Rafael, F. Limeira-de-Oliveira, T.L. Rocha, G.A. Reis legs., Malaise trap (CZMA); Mirador, Parque Estadual do Mirador, Base da Geraldina, 06&deg;35&rsquo;58&rdquo;S, 45&deg;40&rsquo;49&rdquo;W, 402 m a.s.l., 2 males, 20&ndash;28.ii.2014, F. Limeira-de-Oliveira, L.M. Santos, L.S. Santos legs., Malaise trap (CZMA).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Known distribution&lt;/b&gt;. BRAZIL (Acre, Bahia, Cear&aacute;, Esp&iacute;rito Santo, Mato Grosso, Par&aacute;, Para&iacute;ba, Pernambuco, Paran&aacute;, Rio de Janeiro, S&atilde;o Paulo), COLOMBIA, GUYANA, PERU, VENEZUELA.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Remarks&lt;/b&gt;. Widely distributed in Brazil. This study extends the known distribution of this species to the state of Maranh&atilde;o [Carolina and Mirador municipalities].&lt;/p&gt;Published as part of &lt;i&gt;Desidério, Gleison Robson, Barcelos-Silva, Patrik, De Souza, Wagner Rafael M., Pes, Ana Maria &amp; De Azevêdo, Carlos Augusto S., 2017, Caddisflies (Insecta: Trichoptera) from Maranhão State, Northeast Region, Brazil: A new species, checklist, and new geographical records, pp. 151-171 in Zootaxa 4221 (2)&lt;/i&gt; on page 161, DOI: &lt;a href="http://zenodo.org/record/248618"&gt;10.5281/zenodo.248618&lt;/a&gt

Chimarra (Chimarrita) heppneri Blahnik 1997

&lt;i&gt;Chimarra&lt;/i&gt; (&lt;i&gt;Chimarrita&lt;/i&gt;) &lt;i&gt;heppneri&lt;/i&gt; Blahnik 1997 &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Material examined&lt;/b&gt;. &lt;b&gt;BRAZIL: Maranh&atilde;o:&lt;/b&gt; Caxias, &Aacute;rea de Prote&ccedil;&atilde;o Ambiental Inhamum, Igarap&eacute; Soledade, 04&deg;53'40.8&quot;S, 43&deg;25'18.9&quot;W, 384 m a.s.l., 2 males, 20&ndash;21.xii.2014, D. Sousa, G.R. Desid&eacute;rio, S.R.S. Nascimento legs., Pennsylvania trap (CZMA), Caxias, &Aacute;rea de Prote&ccedil;&atilde;o Ambiental Inhamum, Igarap&eacute; Sumidouro do Padre I, 04&deg;53'28.1&quot;S, 43&deg;25'52.3&quot;W, 448 m a.s.l., 3 males, 20&ndash;21.xii.2014, D. Sousa, G.R. Desid&eacute;rio, S.R.S. Nascimento, M.A.G. Almeida legs., Pennsylvania trap (CZMA), Caxias, &Aacute;rea de Prote&ccedil;&atilde;o Ambiental Inhamum, Igarap&eacute; Sumidouro do Padre II, 04&deg;53'23.6&quot;S, 43&deg;25'53.2&quot;W, 363 m a.s.l., 1 male, 20&ndash;21.xii.2014, G.R. Desid&eacute;rio, S.R.S. Nascimento legs., Pennsylvania trap (CZMA).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Known distribution&lt;/b&gt;. PERU.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Remarks&lt;/b&gt;. Previously recorded only from its type locality, in this study its presence represents the first record from Brazil.&lt;/p&gt;Published as part of &lt;i&gt;Desidério, Gleison Robson, Barcelos-Silva, Patrik, De Souza, Wagner Rafael M., Pes, Ana Maria &amp; De Azevêdo, Carlos Augusto S., 2017, Caddisflies (Insecta: Trichoptera) from Maranhão State, Northeast Region, Brazil: A new species, checklist, and new geographical records, pp. 151-171 in Zootaxa 4221 (2)&lt;/i&gt; on page 167, DOI: &lt;a href="http://zenodo.org/record/248618"&gt;10.5281/zenodo.248618&lt;/a&gt

Smicridea (Rhyacophylax) helenae Albino, Pes 2011

&lt;i&gt;Smicridea&lt;/i&gt; (&lt;i&gt;Rhyacophylax&lt;/i&gt;) &lt;i&gt;helenae&lt;/i&gt; Albino, Pes, &amp; Hamada 2011 &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Material examined&lt;/b&gt;. &lt;b&gt;BRAZIL: Maranh&atilde;o:&lt;/b&gt; Caxias, Fazenda P&eacute; da Serra, Rio Itapecuru, 05&deg;07'49.5&quot;S, 43&deg;33'0.40&quot;W, 60 m a.s.l., 25 males, 07.vii.2014, D. Sousa, G.R. Desid&eacute;rio, G. Sousa, M.A.G. Almeida legs., white sheet with light (CZMA); Caxias, MA-034, Igarap&eacute; Riach&atilde;o, 04&deg;56'8.59&quot;S, 43&deg;21'26.65&quot;W, 53 m a.s.l., 2 males, 02&ndash;03.vi.2014, D. Sousa, S.R.S. Nascimento, M.A.G. Almeida legs., white sheet with light (CZMA); Caxias, S&iacute;tio Tarum&atilde;, Igarap&eacute; Itapecuruzinho, 04&deg;53'42.30&quot;S, 43&deg;20'31.30&quot;W, 62 m a.s.l., 1 male, 28.v.2014, D. Sousa, S.R.S. Nascimento, M.A.G. Almeida legs., Pennsylvania trap (CZMA).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Known distribution&lt;/b&gt;. BRAZIL (Amazonas, Mato Grosso, Roraima).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Remarks&lt;/b&gt;. This species is reported for the first time from Northeast Region, Brazil.&lt;/p&gt;Published as part of &lt;i&gt;Desidério, Gleison Robson, Barcelos-Silva, Patrik, De Souza, Wagner Rafael M., Pes, Ana Maria &amp; De Azevêdo, Carlos Augusto S., 2017, Caddisflies (Insecta: Trichoptera) from Maranhão State, Northeast Region, Brazil: A new species, checklist, and new geographical records, pp. 151-171 in Zootaxa 4221 (2)&lt;/i&gt; on page 162, DOI: &lt;a href="http://zenodo.org/record/248618"&gt;10.5281/zenodo.248618&lt;/a&gt

Smicridea (Smicridea) obliqua Flint 1974

&lt;i&gt;Smicridea&lt;/i&gt; (&lt;i&gt;Smicridea&lt;/i&gt;) &lt;i&gt;obliqua&lt;/i&gt; Flint 1974 &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Material examined&lt;/b&gt;. &lt;b&gt;BRAZIL: Maranh&atilde;o:&lt;/b&gt; Caxias, &Aacute;rea de Prote&ccedil;&atilde;o Ambiental Inhamum, Igarap&eacute; Sumidouro do Padre I, 04&deg;53'28.1&quot;S, 43&deg;25'52.3&quot;W, 448 m a.s.l., 3 males, 05.ix.2014, S.R.S. Nascimento leg., white sheet with light (CZMA); Caxias, &Aacute;rea de Prote&ccedil;&atilde;o Ambiental Inhamum, Igarap&eacute; Sumidouro do Padre II, 04&deg;53'23.6&quot;S, 43&deg;25'53.2&quot;W, 363 m a.s.l., 1 male, 20&ndash;21.xii.2014, G.R. Desid&eacute;rio, S.R.S. Nascimento legs., Pennsylvania trap (CZMA).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Known distribution&lt;/b&gt;. BRAZIL (Amazonas), SURINAME.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Remarks&lt;/b&gt;. Previously recorded only for the Northern Region in Amazonas State (Flint 1978, Albino &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;. 2011). This study provides the first record for the Northeast Region.&lt;/p&gt;Published as part of &lt;i&gt;Desidério, Gleison Robson, Barcelos-Silva, Patrik, De Souza, Wagner Rafael M., Pes, Ana Maria &amp; De Azevêdo, Carlos Augusto S., 2017, Caddisflies (Insecta: Trichoptera) from Maranhão State, Northeast Region, Brazil: A new species, checklist, and new geographical records, pp. 151-171 in Zootaxa 4221 (2)&lt;/i&gt; on page 162, DOI: &lt;a href="http://zenodo.org/record/248618"&gt;10.5281/zenodo.248618&lt;/a&gt