Comparación de la calidad en la ventilación de socorristas nóveles y veteranos. Un estudio piloto de simulación.

Antecedentes: Los socorristas son fundamentales en la reanimación del ahogado en parada cardiorrespiratoria. En las víctimas ahogadas es prioritario administrar oxigenación. Distintas técnicas de administración de ventilaciones se han investigado y hay controversia sobre la más efectiva. Objetivos: comparar el efecto de la ventilación boca a boca (VBB), ventilación con bolsa y mascarilla (VBM) y ventilación con pocket-mask (VPM) sobre la calidad de RCP entre socorristas recién certificados y socorristas profesionales en activo. Método: 52 socorristas profesionales (14 recién certificados y 38 en activo sin formación en soporte vital básico (SVB) el último año). Cada socorrista realizó 3 test aleatorizados de RCP en un maniquí Resusci Anne conectado a Wireless SkillReporter (Laerdal Medical, Stavanger, Norway) variando la técnica de ventilación: VBB, VBM y VPM. La RCP fue de 4 minutos de duración, por parejas, con un cambio de roles a los 2 minutos, y con el protocolo de ahogados (iniciando por 5 ventilaciones). La calidad global de RCP fue calculada con la fórmula QCPR = (QCT + VVA)/2. Siendo QCT (calidad de posición de manos + ritmo + reexpansión torácica + profundidad) /4 y VVA las ventilaciones administradas con volumen adecuado (500-600ml). Resultados: Los participantes inexpertos recién certificados alcanzaron resultados mejores en todas las variables analizadas en comparación con los profesionales en activo. Esto incluye la calidad global de la RCP con VBB (50.918.41% vs. 35.4912.06%, p=0.002) y VPM (49.094.74% vs. 34.979.69%, p<0.001), así como la mayoría de las variables de calidad de las ventilaciones con las 3 técnicas: VBB, VBM y VPM. Conclusiones: Los socorristas inexpertos recién certificados realizan mejor RCP, incluyendo la ventilación, que los que no han recibido una formación reciente. Es clave la actualización del SVB frecuente en socorristas

Increasing ventilation in drowning resuscitation − A cross-over randomized simulation study of ventilation during automated external defibrillator analysis pauses

Objective The aim of this study was to analyze the feasibility of a new resuscitation strategy in which breaths are provided during automated external defibrillator (AED) rhythm analysis, and to evaluate its impact on chest compressions (CC) quality and the peri-analysis time. Method A randomized simulation study, comparing two cardiopulmonary resuscitations strategies, has been conducted: the standard strategy (S1) with strategy involving ventilation during AED analysis (S2). Thirty lifeguards have performed both strategies in a cross-over study design during 10 min of CPR. Results The number of ventilations per 10 min increases from 47 (S1) to 72 (S2) (p < 0.001). This results in the delivery of an additional 17.1 L of insufflated air in S2 compared to S1 (p < 0.001). There have been no significant changes in frequency and total number of CC. These findings correspond to a reduction of the non-ventilation period from 176 s (S1) to 48 s (S2). Conclusions This simulation study suggests that it is feasible to increase the number of ventilations during resuscitation following drowning, without affecting the quantity and quality of chest compressions. The results of this study may serve as a foundation for further investigation into optimal ventilation strategies in this contex

Effects of balance and coordination work in children with Down Syndrome. A literature review

El objetivo del siguiente trabajo fue conocer qué ejercicios deberían implementarse en un protocolo para trabajar el equilibrio y la coordinación en niños con Síndrome de Down y qué efectos tendrán estos. Se seleccionó la información necesaria para abordar las variables de estudio propuestas empleando el método PRISMA, para ello, se utilizaron dos ecuaciones de búsqueda haciendo uso de la base de datos PubMed. Se tuvo en cuenta que los artículos fueran de los últimos 5 años, en lengua inglesa, que contuvieran protocolos de actuación, estudios tanto transversales como longitudinales y centrándonos en un rango de edad entre 4 y 12 años. Por un lado, realizar ejercicios desestabilizadores puede ser una herramienta efectiva para desarrollar el equilibrio y mejorar la fuerza muscular. Por otro lado, hacer uso de una técnica de realidad virtual en vez de hipoterapia, también obtendrá efectos positivos. En cuanto a estimular el sistema vestibular y realizar tareas duales, esto hará que el equilibrio se vea afectado positivamente. Las sesiones deberían ser de al menos 60 minutos para obtener efectos positivos sobre el equilibrio y la coordinación en niños con esta discapacidad. Se concluyó que trabajar el equilibrio y la coordinación en niños con Síndrome de Down, obtendrá mejoras significativas.The aim of the following work was to find out which exercises should be implemented in a protocol to work on balance and coordination in children with Down's syndrome and what effects these will have. The information necessary to address the proposed study variables was selected using the PRISMA method, for which two search equations were used, making use of the PubMed database. It was taken into account that the articles were from the last 5 years, in English, that they contained action protocols, both cross-sectional and longitudinal studies and that they focused on an age range between 4 and 12 years. On the one hand, performing destabilising exercises can be an effective tool for developing balance and improving muscle strength. On the other hand, using a virtual reality technique instead of hippotherapy will also have positive effects. In terms of stimulating the vestibular system and performing dual tasks, this will positively affect balance. Sessions should be at least 60 minutes, in order to obtain positive effects on balance and coordination in children with this disability. It was concluded that working on balance and coordination in children with Down's syndrome will result in significant improvements

Instruments to Assess Physical Activity in Primary Education Students with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review

The scientific evidence supports that physical inactivity in childhood is a reality throughout the world which generates important consequences in the global development of children. Young people with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), due to the characteristics of the disorder they suffer, constitute a group at risk. Therefore, assessing the levels of physical activity (PA) in this group is fundamental for subsequent decision making and implementation of PA promotion programmes. Consequently, the aim of this systematic review was to identify, summarise and analyse the main instruments used to assess the levels of PA (in terms of time and/or intensity) in primary school children diagnosed with ASD. Scientific articles in English and Spanish published in five databases were reviewed: PsycINFO, WOS, SPORTDiscus, Scopus and PubMed, following the guidelines of the PRISMA statement. Out of the 605 articles identified, 12 met the previously established inclusion criteria. The instruments used by the studies analysed were divided into two main groups: accelerometers and questionnaires. Both showed different strengths and limitations but agreed on the low levels registered of PA in children with ASD. For this reason, it is considered necessary that further research be carried out in this field, as well as the development and implementation of sports programmes adjusted and adapted to the needs and characteristics of the ASD groupS

Analysis of the drowning risk associated with aquatic environment and swimming ability [Análisis del riesgo de ahogamiento asociado al entorno acuático y competencia natatoria]

A high level of swimming can be a protective factor against drowning, however, this relationship has not yet been empirically demonstrated, based on water competence level and aquatic environment. This study designed a drowning risk matrix based on the probabilistic analysis of a questionnaire answered by 3,181 participants. The occurrence of Aquatic Stress/Distress (ASD) was analysed based on 5 skill levels and three aquatic scenarios: a) Pool without waves or currents, b) Lakes, reservoirs, rivers and beaches without waves or currents, c) Rivers, beaches or pools with waves and/or currents. The results were expressed in Odds Ratio (OR). ASD risk exceeded OR of 25 in the most dangerous environment and increased for all scenarios as aquatic competency worsened. Three out of four swimmers have experienced an ASD and this event could have been an incentive to improve their water competence. © 2022, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid y CV Ciencias del Deporte. All rights reserved

Assessment of over-the-head resuscitation method in an inflatable rescue boat sailing at full speed. A non-inferiority pilot study

Introduction: Drowning is a public health problem. Interrupting the drowning process as soon as possible and starting cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) can improve survival rates. Inflatable rescue boats (IRBs) are widely used worldwide to rescue drowning victims. Performing CPR in special circumstances requires adjusting the position based on the environment and space available. The aim of this study was to assess the quality of over-the-head resuscitation performed by rescuers aboard an IRB in comparison to standard CPR.Methods: A quasi-experimental, quantitative, cross-sectional pilot study was conducted. Ten professional rescuers performed 1 min of simulated CPR on a QCPR Resuscy Anne manikin (Laerdal, Norway) sailing at 20 knots using two different techniques: 1) standard CPR (S-CPR) and 2) over-the-head CPR (OTH-CPR). Data were recorded through the APP QCPR Training (Laerdal, Norway).Results: The quality of CPR was similar between S-CPR (61%) and OTH-CPR (66%), with no statistically significant differences (p = 0.585). Both the percentage of compressions and the percentage of correct ventilations did not show significant differences (p > 0.05) between the techniques.Conclusion: The rescuers can perform CPR maneuvers with acceptable quality in the IRB. The OTH-CPR technique did not show inferiority compared to S-CPR, making it a viable alternative when boat space or rescue conditions do not allow the conventional technique to be performed.Universidade de Vigo/CISU

Detection of Upper Limb Asymmetries in Athletes According to the Stage of the Season - A Longitudinal Study

Sports injuries can affect the performance of athletes. For this reason, functional tests are used for injury assessment and prevention, analyzing physical or physiological imbalances and detecting asymmetries. The main aim of this study was to detect the asymmetries in the upper limbs (right and left arms) in athletes, using the OctoBalance Test (OB), depending on the stage of the season. Two hundred and fifty-two participants (age: 23.33 ± 8.96 years old; height: 178.63 ± 11.12 cm; body mass: 80.28 ± 17.61 kg; body mass index: 24.88 ± 4.58; sports experience: 12.52 ± 6.28 years), practicing different sports (rugby, athletics, football, swimming, handball, triathlon, basketball, hockey, badminton and volleyball), assessed with the OB in medial, superolateral, and inferolateral directions in both arms, in four moments of the season (May 2017, September 2017, February 2018 and May 2018). ANOVA test was used with repeated measures with a p ≤ 0.05, for the analysis of the different studied variances. Significant differences were found (p = 0.021) in the medial direction of the left arm, between the first (May 2017) and fourth stages (May 2018), with values of 71.02 ± 7.15 cm and 65.03 ± 7.66 cm. From the detection of asymmetries, using the OB to measure, in the medial, superolateral and inferolateral directions, mobility and balance can be assessed. In addition, it is possible to observe functional imbalances, as a risk factor for injury, in each of the stages into which the season is divided, which will help in the prevention of injuries and in the individualization of training.The APC was funded by Universidad Europea del Atlántico

Schoolteachers as candidates to be basic life support trainers: A simulation trial

Background: The aim was to assess future schoolteachers’ basic life support (BLS) knowledge and willingness to include this content in school lessons. The aim was also to determine the learning effect of a brief BLS hands-on training session, supported by real-time feedback. Methods: A convenience sample of 98 University students of Educational Sciences and Sports were recruited. The training program consisted of brief theoretical and hands-on interactive sessions with a 2/10 instructor/participants ratio. Knowledge and willingness was assessed by means of a survey. Chest compressions (CC) and ventilation quality were registered in 47 cases during 1 min cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) tests. Results: Fifty-eight percent of subjects declared to know how to perform CPR, 62% knew the correct chest compression/ventilation ratio but only one in four knew the CC quality standards. Eighty-eight percent knew what an automated external defibrillator (AED) was; willingness to use the device improved from 70% to 98% after training. Almost half of CCs were performed atan adequate rate. Men performed deeper compressions than women (56.1 ± 4.03 mm vs. 52.17 ± 5.51 mm, p = 0.007), but in both cases the mean value was within recommendations. Full chest recoil was better in women (72.2 ± 32.8% vs. 45.4 ± 32.9%, p = 0.009). All CCs were delivered with correct hand positions. Conclusions: Brief hands-on training supported by real-time feedback of CPR quality helps future schoolteachers improve their knowledge, self-confidence and CPR skills. BLS training should be implemented in University curricula for schoolteachers in order to promote their engagement in effective BLS training of schoolchildren.S

Can a voice assistant help bystanders save lives? A feasibility pilot study chatbot in beta version to assist OHCA bystanders

Objective: Evaluating the usefulness of a chat bot as an assistant during CPR care by laypersons. Methods: Twenty-one university graduates and university students naive in basic life support participated in this quasi-experimental simulation pilot trial. A version beta chatbot was designed to guide potential bystanders who need help in caring for cardiac arrest victims. Through a Question-Answering (Q&A) flowchart, the chatbot uses Voice Recognition Techniques to transform the user's audio into text. After the transformation, it generates the answer to provide the necessary help through machine and deep learning algorithms. A simulation test with a Laerdal Little Anne manikin was performed. Participants initiated the chatbot, which guided them through the recognition of a cardiac arrest event. After recognizing the cardiac arrest, the chatbot indicated the start of chest compressions for 2 min. Evaluation of the cardiac arrest recognition sequence was done via a checklist and the quality of CPR was collected with the Laerdal Instructor App. Results: 91% of participants were able to perform the entire sequence correctly. All participants checked the safety of the scene and made sure to call 112. 62% place their hands on the correct compression point. A media time of 158 s (IQR: 146–189) was needed for the whole process. 33% of participants achieved high-quality CPR with a median of 60% in QCPR (IQR: 9–86). Compression depth had a median of 42 mm (IQR: 33–53) and compression rate had a median of 100 compressions/min (IQR: 97–100). Conclusion: The use of a voice assistant could be useful for people with no previous training to perform de out-of-hospital cardiac arrest recognition sequence. Chatbot was able to guide all participants to call 112 and to perform continuous chest compressions. The first version of the chatbot for potential bystanders naive in basic life support needs to be further developed to reduce response times and be more effective in giving feedback on chest compressionsS

Comparison of jump height and lower body power among semi-professional handball and basketball players in Cantabria as a function of position and gender

[Resumen] Los objetivos de la investigación fueron (1) realizar un análisis descriptivo para comparar la altura de salto y la potencia del tren inferior entre jugadores de baloncesto y balonmano en función del género e (2) identificar la posición del jugador con mayor potencia intradeporte. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo de la altura de salto y potencia del tren inferior, capacidad considerada determinante en los deportes de balonmano y baloncesto. Por medio de la herramienta OptoGait®, se valoró la altura de salto y la potencia del tren inferior mediante el test de salto con contramovimiento (CMJ), a un total de 49 sujetos distribuidos en 4 equipos, 2 de baloncesto uno masculino y otro femenino y 2 de balonmano de igual manera uno masculino y otro femenino. Los resultados evidencian que los hombres obtuvieron resultados más elevados de salto y potencia que las mujeres en ambos deportes, que los parámetros de altura de salto y potencia entre el baloncesto y en balonmano son similares pero cuanta mayor es la categoría mayores son los valores de salto y potencia. Para el género masculino la posición de balonmano con mayor altura de salto, es el extremo y para el baloncesto, son los aleros, en el género femenino, las extremos obtuvieron un los resultados más altos en balonmano al igual que las aleros en baloncesto. Sin embargo, se encontraron diferencias en la posición con mayor potencia entre géneros. La posición que obtuvo la mayor diferencia en la potencia, fueron las pivotes de balonmano y para baloncesto, las pívots. Se concluye que según el género no existe diferencia entre los deportes en deportistas de Cantabria. Los resultados no se ajustan a la realidad científica, esto puede ser debido a la diferencia de categoría existente entre los equipos de la muestra obtenida y al perfil antropométrico de los jugadores.[Abstract] The objectives of the research were (1) to perform a descriptive analysis to compare jump height and lower body power between basketball and handball players according to gender and (2) to identify the position of the player with the greatest intradepartmental power. A descriptive analysis of jump height and lower body power, a capacity considered decisive in handball and basketball sports, was carried out. By means of the OptoGait® tool, jump height and lower body power were evaluated by means of the countermovement jump test (CMJ) in a total of 49 subjects distributed in 4 teams, 2 basketball teams, one male and one female, and 2 handball teams, one male and one female. The results show that men obtained higher jump and power results than women in both sports, that the parameters of jump height and power between basketball and handball are similar but the higher the category, the higher the jump and power values. For the male gender, the handball position with the highest jump height is the wing and for basketball, it is the small forward, in the female gender, the wingers obtained the highest results in handball as well as the small forward in basketball. However, differences were found in the position with the highest power between genders. The position that obtained the greatest difference in power was the handball pivots and for basketball, the pivots. It is concluded that according to gender there is no difference between sports in athletes from Cantabria. The results do not adjust to the scientific reality, this may be due to the difference in category between the teams of the sample obtained and to the anthropometric profile of the players