Trajetórias De Mulheres Vivendo Com Hiv/aids No Brasil. Avanços E Permanências Da Resposta à Epidemia

This article analyzes the trajectories of 85 women living with HIV/AIDS in six Brazilian cities: Belém, São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Goiânia, Recife and Pelotas, to understand some specific aspects of their experiences before and after diagnosis. It is based on in-depth interviews conducted in 2009 addressing women diagnosed with HIV between 1 and 20 years previously. The results show a profile characterized by limited access to school, health services and labor and a marked presence of violence. The reasons for applying HIV tests vary over time and there is an increase in prenatal testing, although no modifications in the context of the infection are apparent. For some women, the diagnosis determines changes in lifestyle. However, for the majority, social and labor experiences and the decisions about love, sexuality and reproduction seem to respond to their immediate demands and opportunities. The management of the diagnosis and the support received influence living with HIV/AIDS. These results show the need for actions for prevention and testing not restricted to pregnant women, even in the context of a concentrated epidemic. Studies adopting a biographical perspective can contribute to prevent or improve living with HIV/AIDS appropriate to the different moments of the womens’ trajectories. © 2017, Associacao Brasileira de Pos - Graduacao em Saude Coletiva. All rights reserved.221879

Physiological quality of soybean seeds grown under different low altitude field environments and storage time

The use of high-quality seeds is essential to maintain high rates of production and productivity. The physiological quality of seeds obtained in the field is directly correlated to storage conditions and storage time. This study aimed to evaluate the physiological quality of soybean seeds in relation to different field environments (seed lots) and storage time. Commercial lots of seeds of the soybean cultivar M8349 IPRO were stored for three and six months. Seed moisture content was determined before and after accelerated aging, along with seed germination percentage and vigour evaluations performed before and after each storage period. The experiment was carried out as a completely randomised factorial design (10 × 3): with ten seed lots and three storage periods. The data were analysed by ANOVA, and the means of four independent replicates for each parameter evaluated were compared using the Scott-Knott test at 5% probability (P ≤ 0.05). Our results revealed that the low altitude regions where the seed samples were collected are suitable for soybean seed production with high physiological quality. Seed storage for six months does not cause a significant reduction in subsequent soybean seed field performance

Quantitation of nine organic acids in wild mushrooms

The organic acids composition of six wild edible mushroom species ( Amanita caesarea, Boletus edulis, Gyroporus castaneus, Lactarius deliciosus, Suillus collinitus, and Xerocomus chrysenteron) was determined by an HPLC-UV detector method. The results showed that all of the samples presented a profile composed of at least five organic acids: citric, ketoglutaric, malic, succinic, and fumaric acids. Several samples also contained oxalic, ascorbic, quinic, and shikimic acids. In a general way, the quantitation of the identified compounds indicated that malic acid, followed by the pair citric plus ketoglutaric acids, were the main compounds in the analyzed species, with the exception of A. caesarea, in which malic and ascorbic acids were the most abundant compounds. The relative amounts and the presence/absence of each identified compound may be useful for the differentiation of the species

Neuromorphometric characterization with shape functionals

This work presents a procedure to extract morphological information from neuronal cells based on the variation of shape functionals as the cell geometry undergoes a dilation through a wide interval of spatial scales. The targeted shapes are alpha and beta cat retinal ganglion cells, which are characterized by different ranges of dendritic field diameter. Image functionals are expected to act as descriptors of the shape, gathering relevant geometric and topological features of the complex cell form. We present a comparative study of classification performance of additive shape descriptors, namely, Minkowski functionals, and the nonadditive multiscale fractal. We found that the proposed measures perform efficiently the task of identifying the two main classes alpha and beta based solely on scale invariant information, while also providing intraclass morphological assessment

Características epidemiológicas e espaciais da hanseníase no Estado do Maranhão, Brasil, 2001-2012

Introduction: Brazil is the second country in prevalence of leprosy in the world, a fact that rectifies the assertion it is important health problem in our country, being specific public policies to combat disease. Objective: To describe and analyze the spatial profile of leprosy cases reported in the state of Maranhão. Methods: a quantitative descriptive epidemiological study approach to time series, using data from the Epidemiological Surveillance System (EVS) for the new leprosy cases in the Maranhão residents between 2001 and 2012. They were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the Tabwin Microssoft 3.2 and Excel 2007 programs were used. Results: of the 54,719 new cases recorded, most were male (56.69 %), aged between 20 and 39 years (35.17%), brown (52.57%), with 4 years of study (43.33%). The most prevalent clinical form and operating class were multibacillary borderline and, respectively, the latter more frequent in males. The highest prevalence was found in St Louis (13.65%) and the highest detection rate was recorded in the municipality of Junco do Maranhão (23.27casos/10.000hab.). Conclusion: the study showed significant changes in the profile of the disease in the state over the years, reducing the absolute number of cases in some regions and endemic or hyperendemic standards in almost every state. The knowledge of spatial characteristics of the epidemiology of the disease enables the analysis of peculiarities and possible points of intervention, enhancing structural reforms with the potential to interfere with the epidemiological situation in the region.Introdução: o Brasil é o segundo país em prevalência de hanseníase no mundo, fato que retifica a assertiva de se tratar de importante problema de saúde em nosso meio, cabendo políticas públicas específicas de combate à enfermidade. Objetivo: descrever e analisar espacialmente o perfil dos casos de hanseníase notificados no Estado do Maranhão. Métodos: estudo epidemiológico quantitativo de abordagem descritiva, de série histórica, através de dados do Sistema de Vigilância Epidemiológico (SVE) referentes aos casos novos de hanseníase em residentes no Maranhão, entre 2001 e 2012. A análise se deu através de estatística descritiva, tendo sido utilizados os programas Tabwin 3.2 e Microssoft Excel 2007. Resultados: dos 54.719 casos novos registrados, a maior parte era do sexo masculino (56,69%), com idade entre 20 e 39 anos (35,17%), pardos (52,57%), com até 4 anos de estudo (43,33%). A forma clínica e classe operacional mais prevalentes foram a dimorfa e multibacilar, respectivamente, esta última mais frequente no sexo masculino. A maior prevalência foi encontrada em São Luís (13,65%) e o maior Coeficiente de Detecção foi registrado no município de Junco do Maranhão (23,27casos/10.000hab.). Conclusão: o estudo demonstrou mudanças significativas no perfil da doença no Estado no decorrer dos anos, com redução do número absoluto de casos em algumas regiões e padrões endêmicos ou hiperendêmicos em quase todo o Estado. O conhecimento das características espaciais da epidemiologia da doença possibilita a análise de suas peculiaridades e possíveis pontos de intervenção, potencializando reformas estruturantes com potencial de interferir no quadro epidemiológico da região

Scalar field in the Bianchi I: Non commutative classical and Quantum Cosmology

Using the ADM formalism in the minisuperspace, we obtain the commutative and noncommutative exact classical solutions and exact wave function to the Wheeler-DeWitt equation with an arbitrary factor ordering, for the anisotropic Bianchi type I cosmological model, coupled to a scalar field, cosmological term and barotropic perfect fluid. We introduce noncommutative scale factors, considering that all minisuperspace variables $\rm q^i$ do not commute, so the symplectic structure was modified. In the classical regime, it is shown that the anisotropic parameter $\rm \beta_{\pm nc}$ and the field $\phi$, for some value in the $\lambda_{eff}$ cosmological term and noncommutative $\theta$ parameter, present a dynamical isotropization up to a critical cosmic time $t_{c}$; after this time, the effects of isotropization in the noncommutative minisuperspace seems to disappear. In the quantum regimen, the probability density presents a new structure that corresponds to the value of the noncommutativity parameter.Comment: 17 pages, 6 figures, Acepted in IJT

Influence Of Family Environment On Children's Oral Health: A Systematic Review

Objective: To review current models and scientific evidence on the influence of parents' oral health behaviors on their children's dental caries. Sources: MEDLINE articles published between 1980 and June, 2012. Original research articles on parents' oral health behavior were reviewed. A total of 218 citations were retrieved, and 13 articles were included in the analysis. The studies were eligible for review if they matched the following inclusion criteria: (1) they evaluated a possible association between dental caries and parents' oral-health-related behaviors, and (2) the study methodology included oral clinical examination. The main search terms were "oral health", "parental attitudes", "parental knowledge", and "dental caries". Summary of the findings: 13 experimental studies contributed data to the synthesis. Original articles, reviews, and chapters in textbooks were also considered. Conclusion: Parents' dental health habits influence their children's oral health. Oral health education programs aimed at preventive actions are needed to provide children not only with adequate oral health, but better quality of life. Special attention should be given to the entire family, concerning their lifestyle and oral health habits. © 2013 Sociedade Brasileira de Pediatria. Published by Elsevier Editora Ltda. All rights reserved.892116123Mattila, M.L., Rautava, P., Ojanlatva, A., Paunio, P., Hyssälä, L., Helenius, H., Will the role of family influence dental caries among seven-year-old children? 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Thermodynamics of the incommensurate state in Rb_2WO_4: on the Lifshitz point in A`A``BX_4 compounds

We consider the evolution of the phase transition from the parent hexagonal phase $P6_{3}/mmc$ to the orthorhombic phase $Pmcn$ that occurs in several compounds of $A'A''BX_{4}$ family as a function of the hcp lattice parameter $c/a$. For compounds of $K_{2}SO_{4}$ type with $c/a$ larger than the threshold value 1.26 the direct first-order transition $Pmcn-P6_{3}/mmc$ is characterized by the large entropy jump $Rln2$. For compounds $Rb_{2}WO_{4}$, $K_{2}MoO_{4}$, $K_{2}WO_{4}$ with $c/a<1.26$ this transition occurs via an intermediate incommensurate $(Inc)$ phase. DSC measurements were performed in $Rb_{2}WO_{4}$ to characterize the thermodynamics of the $Pmcn-Inc-P6_{3}/mmc$ transitions. It was found that both transitions are again of the first order with entropy jumps $0.2Rln2 and$0.3Rln2$. Therefore, at$c/a ~ 1.26$the$A'A''BX_{4}$compounds reveal an unusual Lifshitz point where three first order transition lines meet. We propose the coupling of crystal elasticity with$BX_{4}$ tetrahedra orientation as a possible source of the transitions discontinuity.Comment: 13 pages,1 Postscript figure. Submitted as Brief Report to Phys. Rev. B, this paper reports a new work in Theory and Experiment, directed to Structural Phase Transition