CHARACTERIZATION OF INSTRUMENTAL AND SENSORY QUALITY OF PAPAYA 'SOLO' AND 'LOCAL' PRODUCED IN SANTIAGO, CAPE VERDE, AND CRITICAL ANALYSIS ON THE IMPORTATION OF PAPAYA

O estudo teve por objectivo fazer a caracterização dos atributos de qualidade de duas variedades (Solo e Local) de papaia produzida em Santiago, Cabo Verde, e definir os atributos que os distribuidores procuram. Foram realizadas avaliações físico-químicas, sensorial e um estudo de mercado. Os parâmetros avaliados foram o peso, cor interior e exterior, textura, espessura da polpa, pH, acidez titulável, SST, fez-se avaliação sensorial a aplicação de um questionário aos importadores de papaia. Os parâmetros SST, Acidez, pH e peso variam significativamente com as variedades, sendo as papaias da variedade Local mais pesadas. A textura varia em função dos graus de maturação, a firmeza apresenta uma diminuição ao longo do amadurecimento, na deformação percebe-se um decréscimo com avançar da maturação, nos parâmetros de cor interna e externa as diferenças encontram-se na interacção entre Variedade e Estado de maturação. A variedade Solo foi mais valorizada na avaliação sensorial assim como no preço, certificação/selo qualidade e doçura pelos distribuidores

Going Natural: Using polymers from nature for gastroresistant applications

Nutraceuticals provide an additional health or medicinal benefit besides their nutritional value and are therefore marketed for the prevention and treatment of certain conditions. Nutraceuticals contain natural ingredients, usually presented in the form of functional foods or as dietary supplements. Many of the ingredients are susceptible to degradation by gastric acid or can provoke nauseatic feelings or induce vomiting on oral administration. Gastroresistant coatings, widely researched and used in pharmaceuticals, employ enteric polymers which are not regarded as natural ingredients or do not possess GRAS (generally regarded as safe) status by the regulatory bodies, thus cannot be used for nutraceutical products. Consequently, most nutraceuticals are not formulated as gastroresistant and can therefore lack efficacy or are well tolerated. This manuscript provides a critical review of natural substances employed in producing gastroresistant products, their shortcomings, and potential industrial applications. It also identifies current gaps in our knowledge to encourage further research in this area

Numerical study of augmented lagrangian algorithms for constrained global optimization

To cite this article: Ana Maria A.C. Rocha & Edite M.G.P. Fernandes (2011): Numerical study of augmented Lagrangian algorithms for constrained global optimization, Optimization, 60:10-11, 1359-1378This article presents a numerical study of two augmented Lagrangian algorithms to solve continuous constrained global optimization problems. The algorithms approximately solve a sequence of bound constrained subproblems whose objective function penalizes equality and inequality constraints violation and depends on the Lagrange multiplier vectors and a penalty parameter. Each subproblem is solved by a population-based method that uses an electromagnetism-like (EM) mechanism to move points towards optimality. Three local search procedures are tested to enhance the EM algorithm. Benchmark problems are solved in a performance evaluation of the proposed augmented Lagrangian methodologies. A comparison with other techniques presented in the literature is also reported

Evaluation Of The Risk Of A Stripping Perforation With Gates-glidden Drills: Serial Versus Crown-down Sequences

The aim of this study was to evaluatte the remaining dentine/cementum thickness using Gates-Glidden burs in serial and crown-down sequences and to observe which of the two sequences is the safest for preparing mesial roots of molars. Thirty-six left and. right human mandibular first molars were selected. Standard access cavities were made and initially explored with Flexofiles sizes 10 and 15 until the tip was visible at the apex. The teeth were embedded in a muffle speqially developed for this study using a PVC tube with two parallel metal rods An its lid. Each tooth-block was sectioned 3 mm apically to the furcation using a low-speed saw with a diamond disc. The tooth-block was examined under a microscope and an initial image was captured by a digital video system with 8 X and 12 X magnifications. Finally, the tooth-blocks were reassembled in the muffle so that the canals could be instrumented. After instrumentation the area of each mesial canal as well as the smallest distance to the root furcation were measured again. The mesio-buccal canals (crown-down order) and the mesio-lingual canals (serial sequence) presented an average area of 0.46 ± 0.16 mm2 and 0.88 ± 0.27 mm2 (P < 0.01), respectively. The mean values of the smallest distance to the furcation for the mesio-buccal and mesio-lingual canals were 0.66 ± 0.19 mm and 0.39 ± 0.13 mm (P < 0.01), respectively. The remaining dentine/cementum thickness using Gates-Glidden burs was greater in the crown-down sequence than in the serial sequence.2211824Grossman, L., A brief history of endodontics (1982) J Endod, 8 (1), p. 538Mullaney TP. Instrumentation of finely curved canals. Dent Clin North Am. l979;23(4):575-92Taintor, J.F., Use of the gates glidden bur in endodontics (1978) J Nebr Dent Assoc, 54 (3), pp. 10-12Weine, F.S., Kelly, R.E., Lio, P.J., The effect of preparation procedures on original canal shape and on apical foramen shape (1975) J Endod, 1 (8), pp. 255-262Abou-Rass, M., Frank, A.L., Glick, D.H., The anticurvature filing method to prepare the curved root canal (1980) J Am Dent Assoc, 101 (5), pp. 792-794Cunningham, C.J., Senia, S.E., A three-dimensional study of canal curvatures in the mesial roots of mandibular molars (1992) J Endod, 18 (6), pp. 294-300Coutinho-Filho.T, De-Deus G, Guimarães T, Gurgel-Filho ED, Maniglia-Ferreira C. A computer evaluation of the dentin remaining after cervical preparation in curved canals: Gatesglidden drills vs. orifice shaper. Braz J Oral Sci. 2002;1(3):116-20Lim, S.S., Stock, C.J., The risk of perforation in the curved canal: Anticurvature filing compared with the step-back technique (1987) Int Endod J, 20 (1), pp. 33-39Isom, T.L., Marshall, J.G., Baumgartner, J.C., Evaluation of root thickness in curved canals after flaring (1995) J Endod, 21 (7), pp. 368-371Gluskin, A.H., Brown, D.C., Buchanan, L.S., A reconstructed computerized tomographic comparison of Ni-Ti rotary GT files versus traditional instruments in canals shaped by novice operators (2001) Int Endod J, 34 (6), pp. 476-484Schilder, H., Cleaning and shaping the root canal (1974) Dent Clin North Am, 18 (2), pp. 269-296Bramante, C.M., Berbet, A., Borges, R.P., A methodology for evaluation of root canal instrumentation (1987) J Endod, 13 (5), pp. 243-245Bower, R.C., Furcation morphology relative to periodontal treatment. Furcation entrance architecture (1979) J Periodontol, 50 (1), pp. 23-27Kessler, J.R., Peters, D.D., Lorton, L., Comparison of the relative risk of molar root perforations using various endodontic instrumentation techniques (1983) J Endod, 9 (10), pp. 439-447McCann, J.T., Keller, D.L., LaBounty, G.L., A modification of the muffle model system to study root canal morphology (1990) J Endod, 16 (3), pp. 114-115Pilo, R., Corcino, G., Tamse, A., Residual dentin thickness in mandibular premolars prepared with hand and rotatory instruments (1998) J Endod, 24 (6), pp. 401-404Torabinejad, M., Rotstein, L., Stabholz, A., Effect of preflaring on tactile detection of the apical constriction (1995) J Endod, 21 (2), pp. 92-94West JD, Roane JB. Limpeza e modelagem do sistema de canais radiculares. In: Cohen S, Burns RC. Caminhos da polpa. 7th ed. Rio de Janeiro: Guanabara Koogan2000. p. 206-36Abou-Rass, M., Jastrab, R.J., The use of rotary instruments as auxiliary aids to root canal preparation of molars (1982) J Endod, 8 (2), pp. 78-7

Bioassays against pinewood nematode: assessment of a suitable dilution agent and screening for bioactive essential oils

Acetone was investigated and found to be an appropriate alternative to Triton X-100 as a solvent of essential oils in bioassays aimed to investigate their effects on pinewood nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) mortality. Therefore it was used as dilution agent to screen the effectiveness of fifty two essential oils against this pest. Thirteen essential oils were highly effective, resulting in more than 90% pinewood nematode mortality at 2 mg/mL, with six of them resulting in 100% mortality. LC100 values ranged between 0.50 mg/mL and 0.83 mg/mL for the essential oils of Origanum vulgare and Satureja montana, respectively. Essential oils were submitted to gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis and their chemical composition established. Data from essential oils with 100% mortality at 2 mg/mL and other essential oils previously found to have LC100 ≤ 2 mg/mL was combined, their chemical profiles investigated by correspondences analysis plus automatic classification

Implementation and calibration of finite-length plastic hinge elements for use in seismic structural collapse analysis

Finite-length plastic hinge (FLPH) models have shown advantages over the concentrated plasticity hinge (CPH) models. However, empirical phenomenological relationships, such as Modified Ibarra–Medina–Krawinkler (ModIMK) deterioration model, were mainly calibrated for use in CPH models. ModIMK relationships are versatile and have been applied to steel, reinforced concrete, and timber structures. Herein, a calibration procedure of FLPH models and a unified algorithm for use of ModIMK relationships in CPH and FLPH models are presented. Results from included examples validate the proposed algorithms, which were implemented in OpenSees. Additionally, results highlight that FPLH models avoid errors and convergence pitfalls of CPH models

Height-based equations as screening tools for elevated blood pressure in the SAYCARE study

This study evaluated the accuracy of four height-based equations: blood pressure to height ratio (BPHR), modified BPHR (MBPHR), new modified BPHR (NMBPHR), and height-based equations (HBE) for screening elevated BP in children and adolescents in the SAYCARE study. We measured height and BP of 829 children and adolescents from seven South American cities. Receiving operating curves were used to assess formula performance to diagnose elevated BP in comparison to the 2017 clinical guideline. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values (PPV, NPV) were calculated for the four screening formulas. The diagnostic agreement was evaluated with the kappa coefficient. The HBE equation showed the maximum sensitivity (100%) in children, both for boys and girls, and showed the best performance results, with a very high NPV (>99%) and high PPV (>60%) except for female children (53.8%). In adolescents, the highest sensitivity (100%) was achieved with the NMBPHR for both sexes. Kappa coefficients indicated that HBE had the highest agreement with the gold standard diagnostic method (between 0.70 and 0.75), except for female children (0.57). Simplified methods are friendlier than the percentile gold standard tables. The HBE equation showed better performance than the other formulas in this Latin American pediatric population

Modelos acoplados do IPCC-AR4 e o gradiente meridional de temperatua da superficie do mar no atlântico tropical : relaçoes com a precipitaçao no norte do nordeste do Brasil

Este artigo mostra como três modelos acoplados do Intergovernmental on Panel Climate Change - (IPCC-AR4), o FGOALS1. 0G – LASG do Institute of Atmospheric Physics of China, o GISSER da National Aeronautics Space Admnistration (NASA) e o GFDL_CM2 da National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), simularam a variabilidade do gradiente meridional de Temperatura da Superfície do Mar (TSM), entre os meses de fevereiro a maio, no Atlântico Tropical (1901-1999). A precipitação durante a estação chuvosa (fevereiro a maio) no setor norte do Nordeste do Brasil (NEB) foi também analisada pelos três modelos e comparada com as observações. Os modelos GISSER e FGOALS1.0G mostraram melhor desempenho na simulação do sinal do gradiente meridional de TSM no Atlântico Tropical para o período de 1901 a 1999. Destaca-se que os modelos apresentaram um melhor desempenho na simulação da tendência decadal, conseguindo explicar entre 50% a 80% da variabilidade do gradiente, com a TSM do setor sul sendo mais bem simulada

Increasing prevalence of obesity and diabetes among patients evaluated for liver transplantation in a Swiss tertiary referral center: a 10-year retrospective analysis.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is now the first cause of chronic liver disease in developed countries. We aimed to assess trends in the prevalence of obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and NAFLD in patients undergoing liver transplantation evaluation and to assess whether obese patients were less likely to be listed or had an increased drop-out rate after listing. We conducted a retrospective study of all consecutive patients who underwent liver transplantation evaluation at a Swiss tertiary referral centre between January 2009 and March 2020. A total of 242 patients were included, 83% were male. The median age was 59 years (IQR, 51-64 years). The most common causes of end-stage liver disease were viral hepatitis (28%), alcoholic liver disease (21%) and NAFLD (12%). Obesity was present in 28% of our cohort, with a significant increase over time. Prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus followed the same trend (p = 0.02). The proportions of non-listed and listed obese patients did not differ (21% vs. 30% respectively; p = 0.3). The prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus significantly increased over our study period. Obese patients had similar chances of being listed. The landscape of liver transplantation indications is shifting towards NAFLD, highlighting the urgent need to prevent NAFLD progression