Breeding Jatropha curcas by genomic selection: A pilot assessment of the accuracy of predictive models

Genomic wide selection is a promising approach for improving the selection accuracy in plant breeding, particularly in species with long life cycles, such as Jatropha. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to estimate the genetic parameters for grain yield (GY) and the weight of 100 seeds (W100S) using restricted maximum likelihood (REML); to compare the performance of GWS methods to predict GY and W100S; and to estimate how many markers are needed to train the GWS model to obtain the maximum accuracy. Eight GWS models were compared in terms of predictive ability. The impact that the marker density had on the predictive ability was investigated using a varying number of markers, from 2 to 1,248. Because the genetic variance between evaluated genotypes was significant, it was possible to obtain selection gain. All of the GWS methods tested in this study can be used to predict GY and W100S in Jatropha. A training model fitted using 1,000 and 800 markers is sufficient to capture the maximum genetic variance and, consequently, maximum prediction ability of GY and W100S, respectively. This study demonstrated the applicability of genome-wide prediction to identify useful genetic sources of GY and W100S for Jatropha breeding. Further research is needed to confirm the applicability of the proposed approach to other complex traits

The influence of population-control methods and seasonality on the activity pattern of wild boars (Sus scrofa) on high-altitude forests

The wild boar (Sus scrofa) is a problematic invasive species which has colonized the threatened Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Our objective was to evaluate if population control and seasonality affect the circadian rhythm of wild boar activity. Wild boar activity was monitored by camera-traps for 1 year without population-control methods and 1 year with population control methods implemented in the area. Before population control was implemented, wild boar activity was uniform across 24 h, with animals being active at any given time (cathemeral). After the population control, wild boars concentrated their activities on the daylight period. Also, wild boars were more active during the wet season, possibly influenced by the presence of seeds of Araucaria angustifolia trees. Based on these results, control measures should be conducted during the wet season and different management strategies, such as the use of rifes with telescopic sights and silencers, should be tested

Presión arterial de niños y adolescentes de escuelas publicas de Cuiabá - Mato Grosso

OBJECTIVE: To describe the prevalence of high blood pressure among students aged 11 to 14 years from public schools in Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted from May to November 2008. Custer sampling technique was used to select clusters of 9 public schools. RESULTS: The sample consisted of 329 students. They had a mean age of 12 years. More than a half of the students were de cor parda - brown (55.0%) and males (58.0%). A great number of students (11.2%) had high blood pressure. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of high blood pressure among the student was 11.2%. The two major risk factors for high blood pressure were body mass index and ethnicity (being de cor parda - brown). There is a need for routine monitoring and management of blood pressure in children and teenagers to prevent the development of high blood pressure in adulthood.OBJETIVO: Verificar la prevalencia de niveles de presión elevados en escolares de 11 a 14 años del municipio de Cuiabá, MT - Brasil. MÉTODOS: Se trata de un estudio transversal realizado en el período de mayo a noviembre del 2008. El muestreo fue realizado por conglomerados, siendo seleccionados nueve, dando un total de 329 escolares. RESULTADOS: La edad promedio de los escolares participantes fue de 12 años, de los cuales el 58,4% del sexo masculino y el 55,3% de color/etnia parda. El índice de hipertensión arterial fue de 11,2%. CONCLUSIÓN: La prevalencia de hipertensión arterial fue de 11,2% en los escolares estudiados, siendo los factores de riesgo el elevado índice de masa corporal y color/etnia parda. A partir del estudio, se considera que es necesaria la monitorización de rutina de la presión arterial en niños y adolescentes, con la finalidad de prevenir la hipertensión arterial en la vida adulta.OBJETIVO: Verificar a prevalência de níveis pressóricos elevados em escolares de 11 a 14 anos no município de Cuiabá, MT, Brasil. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo transversal realizado no periódo de maio a novembro de 2008. A amostragem foi por aglomerados, sendo selecionados nove, totalizando 329 escolares. RESULTADOS: A idade média dos 329 escolares foi a de 12 anos, sendo 58,4% do sexo masculino e 55,3% da cor/etnia parda. O índice de hipertensão arterial foi de 11,2%. CONCLUSÃO: A prevalência de hipertensão arterial foi de 11,2% nos escolares estudados, sendo os fatores de risco o índice de massa corpórea elevado e cor/etnia parda. A partir do estudo, considera-se necessária a monitorização rotineira da pressão arterial em crianças e adolescentes, com a finalidade de prevenção da hipertensão arterial na vida adulta.Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Faculdade de EnfermagemUniversidade Federal de Mato GrossoUniversidade Federal de Mato Grosso ICET Departamento de EstatísticaUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Departamento de EnfermagemUNIFESP, Depto. de EnfermagemSciEL

Simultaneous selection of eucalyptus clones based on yield, stability and adaptability

O objetivo deste trabalho foi estimar os parâmetros genéticos e determinar a eficiência da seleção simultânea de clones de eucalipto baseada em produtividade, estabilidade e adaptabilidade. Foram utilizados 21 clones, com 36 meses de idade, pertencentes ao programa de melhoramento genético da empresa Cenibra. O experimento foi instalado em delineamento de blocos ao acaso, em quatro ambientes, com 21 repetições de uma planta por parcela. Os clones foram avaliados quanto às variáveis: diâmetro à altura do peito, altura da planta e volume total com casca. Os parâmetros genéticos foram estimados pela metodologia de modelos mistos (REML/BLUP), e a seleção baseou-se no método da média harmônica do desempenho relativo dos valores genéticos (MHPRVG), em três estratégias: seleção com base no valor genético predito, tendo-se considerado o desempenho médio dos genótipos em todos os ambientes (sem efeito de interação) ou o desempenho em cada ambiente (com efeito da interação); e seleção simultânea quanto à produção, estabilidade e adaptabilidade. As particularidades dos ambientes influenciaram a expressão fenotípica dos clones. As estimativas de herdabilidade indicaram boas perspectivas para a seleção de clones com alta produtividade, estabilidade e adaptabilidade. A seleção simultânea otimiza a seleção de clones e pode ser usada na construção de populações de melhoramento e na recomendação de materiais genéticos para plantios comerciais.The objective of this work was to estimate genetic parameters and to determine the efficiency of the simultaneous selection of eucalyptus clones based on yield, stability, and adaptability. Twenty‑one clones, with 36 months of age, from the genetic breeding program of the company Cenibra were used. The experiment was done in a randomized complete block design, in four environments, with 21 replicates of one plant per plot. The clones were evaluated as to the variables: diameter at breast height, plant height, and total volume with bark. The genetic parameters were estimated using the mixed model procedure (REML/BLUP), and selection was based on the harmonic mean of the relative performance of the genetic values (HMRPGV), with three strategies: selection based on the predicted genetic gain, considering the average performance of genotypes in all environments (without interaction effect) or the performance on each environment (with interaction effect); and simultaneous selection based on productivity, stability, and adaptability. Environment particularities influenced the phenotypic expression of the clones. The heritability estimates indicated good perspectives for selecting clones with high yield, stability, and adaptability. Simultaneous selection optimizes clone selection and can be used in the construction of breeding populations and in the recommendation of genetic materials for commercial plantations

Inequality of gender, age and disabilities due to leprosy and trends in a hyperendemic metropolis: Evidence from an eleven-year time series study in Midwest of Brazil

In the 2019 report, Brazil had a detection rate of 13.23 per 100.000 inhabitants far from the goal of less than 1 leprosy (Hansen’s Disease) case per 10,000 inhabitants describe by the World Health Organization. The present study aimed to investigate the epidemiological situation of leprosy and its trend between 2008 and 2018 in a hyperendemic metropolis in the Central-West region of Brazil. A total of 9.739 leprosy cases were reported between 2008 and 2018. The majority of cases were male (58.37%), with a predominant age of 15 to 59 years (87.55%). The predominant level of education was incomplete elementary school (43.96%). The disability grade at diagnosis showed that 40.19% had G0D and for the G2D was 8.06%.There was a predominance in operational classification of multibacillary cases (72.85%). While detection rate trends in females and the majority of the age groups are decreasing, increases are seen in the detection of male patients and patients already suffering from disabilities. Although declining trends were presented, the metropolis is still not close to elimination showing the need prioritize leprosy actions and to improve care for this disease

PÚRPURA TROMBOCITOPÊNICA IDIOPÁTICA

A Púrpura Trombocitopênica Idiopática (PTI) é uma doença autoimune, que afeta diretamente as plaquetas, sua causa ainda se mantém desconhecida. A veemência dos sintomas pode variar de um individuo para outro, podendo manifestar-se de forma assintomática ou de forma grave. Para diagnosticar um doente de Púrpura, o médico hematologista deve solicitar exames que possam excluir doenças mais graves como, por exemplo, Leucemias,HIV/AIDS e algumas infecções por vírus, pois estas também podem deixar o indivíduo imunodeprimido e consequentemente reduzir o número de plaquetas do sangue

Percepções de adolescentes grávidas acerca do consumo de álcool durante o período gestacional

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo verificar las percepciones de adolescentes embarazadas acerca del consumo de alcohol durante el embarazo. Se realizó un estudio con 20 adolescentes embarazadas, usuarias de unidades de atención básica de salud de la Familia de un municipio en el estado del Ceará. Se verificó que las adolescentes perciben la ingestión de alcohol durante el embarazo como una "actitud inconsecuente", "algo natural" y "algo malo", pero imposible de resistir. El análisis demostró la necesidad de adoptar un modelo de atención centrado en el paciente, holístico, en el paciente es tratado como un ser biopsicosocial, y también con trabajos educativos.O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar percepções de adolescentes grávidas acerca do consumo de álcool durante o período gestacional. Realizou-se estudo com 20 adolescentes grávidas, usuárias de Unidades Básicas de Saúde da Família de um município no interior do Ceará. Verificou-se que as adolescentes percebem a ingestão de bebida alcoólica durante o período gestacional como "atitude inconsequente", "algo natural" e "algo errado, mas impossível de resistir". Ficou demonstrada a necessidade de assistência voltada ao modelo holístico, em que cada paciente é tratado como um ser biopsiquicossocial, como também a realização de trabalho educativo.This study aimed to verify the perception of pregnant teenagers about alcohol consumption during pregnancy. It involved 20 pregnant adolescents, registered in Family Health Units in a city in the interior of the state of Ceará. It was found that teenagers perceive the alcohol intake during pregnancy as an "careless attitude", "something natural" and "something wrong", but impossible to resist. The analysis showed the need to adopt a holistic care model, patient-focused, in which patients are treated in a biopsychosocial approach, also including educational actions

A successful strategy for the recovering of active P21, an insoluble recombinant protein of Trypanosoma cruzi

Structural studies of proteins normally require large quantities of pure material that can only be obtained through heterologous expression systems and recombinant technique. in these procedures, large amounts of expressed protein are often found in the insoluble fraction, making protein purification from the soluble fraction inefficient, laborious, and costly. Usually, protein refolding is avoided due to a lack of experimental assays that can validate correct folding and that can compare the conformational population to that of the soluble fraction. Herein, we propose a validation method using simple and rapid 1D H-1 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra that can efficiently compare protein samples, including individual information of the environment of each proton in the structure.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)INBEQMeDIUniv Fed Uberlandia, Inst Ciencias Biomed, BR-38400 Uberlandia, MG, BrazilUniv São Paulo, Inst Fis Sao Carlos, Sao Carlos, SP, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista Med, Dept Microbiol Imunol & Parasitol, Vila Mariana, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Minas Gerais, Inst Ciencias Biol, Dept Biol Geral, Belo Horizonte, MG, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista Med, Dept Microbiol Imunol & Parasitol, Vila Mariana, SP, BrazilFAPESP: 2010/51867-6FAPESP: 2012/21153-7FAPEMIG: APQ-00621-11FAPEMIG: APQ-00305-12CAPES: 23038.005295/2011-40Web of Scienc

Avaliação da marcha e do equilíbrio de pacientes idosos com osteoartrose de joelho / Evaluation of gait and balance of elderly patients with knee osteoarthritis

Objetivo: O estudo objetiva, avaliar o equilíbrio e a marcha em indivíduos idosos com osteoartrose de joelho. Metodologia: Estudo do tipo observacional, descritivo e  de corte transversal. Constituída por: palestra explicativa; assinatura do Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido; coleta de dados sociodemográficos; aplicação das escalas: Tinetti e Berg; e, ao final à análise descritiva e estatística dos dados coletados. Resultados: A amostra foi composta por 19 indivíduos idosos, com predominância feminina (84,2%), com média de idade de 69,74±6,31 anos, Índice de Massa Corpórea (IMC) de 30,81±z5,64Kg/m² (obeso) e 84,2% não realiza nenhum tipo de atividade física. O teste de Tinetti e a escala de Berg apresentaram média de 21,79±4,74 e de 47,95 ±10,73, respectivamente. Foi observada presença de correlação moderada e negativa entre: Tinetti (equilíbrio, marcha e total) x idade; Tinetti (equilíbrio, marcha e total) x IMC; Berg x IMC; Tinetti Equilíbrio x Berg e Tinetti Marcha x Berg. Já entre o Tinetti Total x Berg foi percebido uma correlação positiva e forte. Em todos os cruzamentos entre a atividade física e as variáveis das escalas do estudo, pode-se perceber que a distribuição das variáveis é semelhante em ambos os grupos. Conclusão: Os achados encontrados no presente estudo dão indícios que a idade e o IMC acarretam um declínio do equilíbrio e da marcha em pacientes idosos, e que a OA de joelho é uma condição que também influencia de forma negativa sobre essas duas variáveis. O envelhecimento associado a OA, consequentemente potencializa as perdas do equilíbrio e marcha, pela dor, diminuição da força muscular e estímulos proprioceptivos inadequados dentro da cartilagem articular.

Fractionation of nitrogen compounds and carbohydrates in forages of different ages

The objective of this study was to evaluate the chemical composition and protein and carbohydrate fractions in three forage species (Andropogon gayanus Kunth, Cenchrus ciliares L. and Panicum maximun x Panicum infestum) at four cutting ages: 21, 35, 49 and 63 days. Experiments were carried out at the Federal Institute of Education Science and Technology of Rio Grande do Norte - IFRN, located in the municipality of Apodi- RN, Potiguar West Meso-region. Materials collected in the field were analyzed in the Laboratory of Animal Nutrition (LANA), Federal Rural Semiarid University (UFERSA), Campus Mossoró, RN. Samples were processed, phenated, and analyzed. The analysis conducted included fractionation of nitrogen compounds and carbohydrates and chemical composition (dry matter, mineral matter, crude protein, lipids and fibers) was determined. The forages evaluated showed decreasing crude protein content with increasing cutting age, ranging between 14.9 and 6.2%. Andropogon grass showed the highest crude protein content. The fiber content increased with age. Fiber consisted of 62.4%–70.0% NDF and 30.07%–33.03% ADF. Highest fiber content was recorded for Massai grass, in which case, these two component species showed the highest fractions of intermediate degradation protein (B2), while Andropogon and Buffel Capins showed higher fractions of non-fibrous carbohydrates (A and B1). An increase in the concentration of cell-wall material in the detriment of the cellular content with increasing plant age was observed in the fodder studied. We also observed an increase in the indigestible fraction (C) of proteins and carbohydrates in the species studied