Cultura de escuta em fones de ouvido: entrelaçamentos e contingências

This paper discusses the headphones as key factors in the establishment of a mobile listening culture by suggesting that the function of this artifact has been changing according not only with technological innovation, but also with economic contingencies borrowed from capitalist logics. By discussing concepts such as tympanic function (Jonathan Sterne) and Commodity Scientism (Thimoty Taylor) the text will examine theories on the origins of headphones, as well as analyzing early models. The Walkman, launched in the 1980, will be the subject of a detailed scrutiny, since it is responsible for linking the use of audio devices with the urban life. Afterward, the article will confront a handful of texts discussing mobile listening, fostered by the Walkman and extended by subsequent portable audio products such as the Apple’s iPod. In the contemporaneity, the headphones underwent a process of stylization and have achieved the status of a fashion accessory. On the other hand, they are being implemented in interactive audio narratives such as games and smartphone applications. Locative audio will be discussed as an experimental field envisaging future functions and features for the headphones.Este artigo discute os fones de ouvido como fatores-chave no estabelecimento de uma cultura de escuta móvel, sugerindo que a função desse artefato muda de acordo não apenas com a inovação tecnológica, mas também com contingências econômicas emprestadas da lógica capitalista. Ao discutir conceitos como função timpânica (Jonathan Sterne) e cientificismo (Thimoty Taylor), o texto examina teorias sobre as origens dos fones de ouvido, bem como analisa seus primeiros modelos. O Walkman, lançado em 1980, será objeto de um exame minucioso, pois é responsável por levar o uso de equipamentos de áudio à vida urbana. Posteriormente, o artigo confrontará alguns textos, discutindo a escuta móvel promovida, inicialmente, pelo Walkman, e estendida por outros equipamentos de áudio portáteis, como o iPod da Apple. Na contemporaneidade, os fones de ouvido passaram por um processo de estilização e alcançaram o status de acessório de moda. Por outro lado, estão sendo implementados em narrativas de áudio interativas, como jogos e aplicativos para smartphones. O áudio locativo será discutido como um campo experimental que prevê funções e recursos futuros para os fones de ouvido

Learning of ordinal relations through the training of one sequence of stimuli

The aim of this study was to evaluate the learning of ordinal classes through the training of only one sequence of stimuli. Five children, four to five years old participated. Sets of stimuli with abstract shapes, representing the numerical sequence from one to five were presented via a microcomputer. Once the criteria for success were reached, tests were administered. All of the participants reached the criteria for success during the baseline phase, and responded readily to the tests for transitivity and connectivity. Generalization also occurred for two novel ordinal classes. During the retest phase, three children responded consistent with prior training, whereas one child responded partially. This study is a contribution to a functional analysis of the process of learning of numeric repertoires.O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a formação de classes ordinais a partir do ensino de uma única sequência de estímulos sob controle da numerosidade. Participaram cinco crianças na faixa etária de 4 a 5 anos. Os estímulos foram formas abstratas referentes à numerosidade de 1 a 5. Usou-se um procedimento de ensino por sobreposição de estímulos. Todos os participantes alcançaram o critério de acerto na linha de base. Nos testes de transitividade e conectividade, os cincos participantes responderam prontamente. Houve generalização para duas novas classes ordinais. Nos testes de manutenção três participantes apresentaram responder consistente e um dos participantes respondeu parcialmente. Este estudo é uma contribuição para o estabelecimento de uma análise funcional da aprendizagem de repertórios numéricos

Análise da estrutura do setor saúde e sua inserção na economia brasileira utilizando as matrizes de insumo-produto de 2000 e 2005

The health sector is one of the most dynamic sectors of the economy having major impacts on levels of social welfare. On the one hand the consumption of goods and health services directly affects the welfare of the individual to the extent that health is a parameter of the individual utility function. On the other hand health impacts economic growth since it makes up the human capital determining the aggregate and productive capacity of the economy. This paper presents a preliminary structural analysis of the health sector in Brazil and its interactions with other sectors of the economy and benefits from the new information released by the IBGE in Brazil on the national health accounts. In this paper we propose a methodology to reconcile the System of National Accounts (Input-Output Matrix) with the National Health Accounts for the years 2000 and 2005. This compliance enables understanding of the relationship between the health sector and other sectors of the economy through input-output indicators.Health economics; input-output.

Growth of two forest pioneer species, pau-de-balsa (Ochroma lagopus Sw.) e caroba (Jacaranda copaia D. Don), used for rehabilitation of degraded areas from agriculture in Central Amazon, Brazil

The objective of experiment was study the growth of pioneer forest species pau-de-balsa (Ochroma lagopus) and caroba (Jacaranda copaia) to rehabilitate degraded areas from agriculture. The experiment carried out at Br-174, km 120. After the use for cassava and banana plantations the area was abandoned for 8 years. The secondary forest that took place was of low height and sparse trees. The experiment was installed at may/98 and composed by harrowed and no harrowed areas. The seedlings were planted in 3 x 3 m spacing, in 20 cm diameter by 30 cm deep holes, with 150g of fertilizer NPK (4-16-8) and dolomite limestone in the proportion 3:1. To evaluation the growth were measured the height and diameter in july/98 and each year, approximately (June/99, September/00 and May/01). The data were obtained from planted species comparing harrowed and no harrowed areas in a full random design. The survival of pau-de-balsa, was greater in harrowed area (97,1%) in relation to no harrowed area (92,5%) after one year of planting; and the survival of caroba, was 90% after one year of planting and showed no difference when compared the harrowed and no harrowed areas. The height and diameter of pau-de-balsa were greater in harrowed area after one year of planting, reaching 11.85 m and 11.42 cm, respectively. The differences occurred in caroba trees after the second year of planting, and reached, in the third year, 8.37 m of high and 11,18 cm in diameter. Besides other factors inherent to the species, the more friable soil of the harrowed area, facilitated higher growth to two studied species.O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar o crescimento das espécies florestais pioneiras pau-de-balsa (Ochroma lagopus Sw.) e caroba (Jacaranda copaia D. Don) para a recuperação de áreas degradadas pela agricultura. Na área, situada no km 120 da BR-174, tinha sido plantado mandioca e banana e abandonada há 8 anos, formando uma capoeira de porte baixo e rala. O experimento foi instalado em maio/98, com e sem gradagem da área. O espaçamento foi de 3x3m, em covas de 20 cm (diâmetro) x 30 cm (profundidade), com adubação de 150g/cova de NPK (4-16-8) e calcário dolomítico na proporção de 3:1. Para a avaliação do crescimento, foram medidas a altura e o diâmetro das plantas aos 2 meses (julho/98) e a cada ano aproximadamente (junho/99, setembro/00 e maio/01). Os dados foram analisados através do delineamento inteiramente casualisado. A sobrevivência do pau-de-balsa foi maior em área gradeada (97,1%) do que em area não gradeada (92,5%), após o primeiro ano do plantio; da caroba, foi cerca de 90% e sem diferenças entre as areas. A altura e diâmetro do pau-de-balsa, foram maiores em área gradeada, a partir do primeiro ano, chegando no terceiro ano a 11,85 m de altura e 11,42 cm de diâmetro. Na caroba, a diferença ocorreu a partir do segundo ano e no terceiro chegou a 8,37 m de altura e 11,18 cm de diâmetro. Além de outros fatores inerentes às espécies, o solo mais friável das áreas gradeadas, possibilitou um maior crescimento em altura e diâmetro das duas espécies estudadas

Autonomous RPCs for a Cosmic Ray ground array

We report on the behaviour of Resistive Plate Chambers (RPC) developed for muon detection in ultra-high energy cosmic ray (UHECR) experiments. The RPCs were developed for the MARTA project and were tested on field conditions. These RPCs cover an area of $1.5 \times 1.2\,{m^2}$ and are instrumented with 64 pickup electrodes providing a segmentation better than $20\,$cm. By shielding the detector units with enough slant mass to absorb the electromagnetic component in the air showers, a clean measurement of the muon content is allowed, a concept to be implemented in a next generation of UHECR experiments. The operation of a ground array detector poses challenging demands, as the RPC must operate remotely under extreme environmental conditions, with limited budgets for power and minimal maintenance. The RPC, DAQ, High Voltage and monitoring systems are enclosed in an aluminium-sealed case, providing a compact and robust unit suited for outdoor environments, which can be easily deployed and connected. The RPCs developed at LIP-Coimbra are able to operate using a very low gas flux, which allows running them for few years with a small gas reservoir. Several prototypes have already been built and tested both in the laboratory and outdoors. We report on the most recent tests done in the field that show that the developed RPCs have operated in a stable way for more than 2 years in field conditions.Comment: To appear in the proceedings of the 35th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC2017), Busan, South Korea. Presented by R. Concei\c{c}\~{a}o. 8 page

Estado atual de conhecimento das principais características dos Moluscos / Current state of knowledge of the main characteristics of mollusks

Mollusca é um dos maiores Filos do Reino Animal, com uma estimativa de 240.000 espécies. O grupo apresenta enorme diversidade biológica, atrelada a ampla distribuição geográfica. Os representantes do Filo apresentam distintos nichos e relações tróficas. Algumas espécies são de interesse econômico e outras de saúde pública. Um exemplo é o Limnoperna fortunei Dunker, 1857, que condiciona prejuízo ambiental, social e econômico. Já o gênero Biomphalaria, hospedeiro intermediário de um trematódeo, causa problemas de saúde pública em muitos países. Atualmente, o Filo é representado por oito classes: Solenogastres ou Neomeniomorpha, Caudofoveata ou Chaetodermomorpha, Polyplacophora, Bivalvia, Monoplacophora, Scaphopoda, Gastropoda e Cephalopoda. Diante disso, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo realizar um trabalho de revisão do atual conhecimento das características do Filo Mollusca. Mesmo diante dessa diversidade e importância, algumas informações são escassas e pulverizadas na literatura. 

COVID-19 pandemic: oral repercussions and its possible impact on oral health

Many viral infections cause oral manifestations, including disorders in odontogenesis, resulting in dental malformations. In this review, based on current knowledge, we will discuss the likely dental and oral consequences of COVID-19. In this article, we review currently available data associated with vertical transmission of COVID-19 and odontogenesis, oral manifestations, and the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on a diagnosis of oral diseases. Owing to the severity of the pandemic, the population's anxiety and fear of becoming infected with COVID-19 may underestimate the signs and symptoms of serious illnesses, besides discourage patients from seeking health, medical or dental services to determine the diagnosis of oral lesions. Thus, the COVID-19 pandemic could be an additional and aggravating factor for the delay of serious illness diagnosis, such as oral squamous cell carcinoma resulting in higher morbidity and worse prognosis. Several changes and oral lesions have been described as oral manifestations of COVID-19, such as dysgeusia, oral ulcers, petechiae, reddish macules, desquamative gingivitis, among others. Besides, it can cause major systemic changes and predispose opportunistic infections. As with other viral infections, oral manifestations, including dental anomalies, can occur as a direct result of SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, further studies are needed to guide and clarify possible oral changes20

Soybean Seed Enrichment with Cobalt and Molybdenum as an Alternative to Conventional Seed Treatment

Biological nitrogen fixation in soybean is enhanced when seed is treated with cobalt (Co) and molybdenum (Mo) prior to planting. In this study, our objective was to verify if Co and Mo application during the reproductive phase of the crop increases seed Co and Mo concentration without adverse effects on seed quality. Two experiments were conducted. First, we investigated foliar and soil Co and Mo application under greenhouse conditions. Next, we validated the results obtained in the first study. The treatments for both experiments consisted of Co doses combined with Mo, and a control without Co and Mo application. The foliar application was more efficient in producing enriched Co and Mo seed; meanwhile, as Co doses increased so did Co and Mo concentrations in the seed. There were no adverse effects on nutrition, development, quality, and yield of parent plants and seed when these micronutrients were applied. The seed showed higher germination, vigor, and uniformity for the development of soybean seedlings. We concluded that the application of 20 g ha−1 Co and 800 g ha−1 Mo via foliar application at the reproductive stage of soybean increased germination rate and achieved the best growth and vigor index of enriched seed