Produção e tamanho de grãos de café (Coffea arabica L.) cv Catuaí em diferentes arranjos populacionais e disponibilidades de água no solo

The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effect of drip irrigation under different population arrangements on the phytometric features, coffee productivity and bean size classification according to sieve retention. The experiment with Coffea arabica L. cv Catuaí was carried out in Mococa, São Paulo, Brazil. The experimental design was a 6 x 2 factorial scheme in randomized blocks, with four replications. The six densities of plantation were E1 (1.60 x 0.50 m); E2 (1.60 x 0.75 m); E3 (1.60 x 1.00 m); E4 (3.20 x 0.50 m); E5 (3.20 x 0.75 m) and E6 (3.20 x 1.00 m), which were divided according to the availability of water (irrigated - I - or non-irrigated - NI - groups). Data were submitted to analysis of variance and averages compared by Tukey test at 1 and 5% of probability. Descriptive analysis of coffee beans according to sieve classification was performed. Irrigation promoted an increase in plant height, crown diameter and production of processed coffee when compared with the NI group. Interaction between population arrangement and irrigation was observed, with an increase in production and crown diameter as the spacing was decreased. Therefore, irrigation provided significant increase in coffee bean size.O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da irrigação por gotejamento em diferentes arranjos populacionais nas características fitométricas, na produtividade de café beneficiado e na classificação dos grãos por tamanho, de acordo com a retenção em peneiras. O experimento foi conduzido em Mococa-SP, com o cafeeiro Coffea arabica L. cv Catuaí. Adotou-se o delineamento experimental em blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 6 x 2, com quatro repetições, sendo seis densidades de plantio: E1 (1,60 x 0,50 m); E2 (1,60 x 0,75 m); E3 (1,60 x 1,00 m); E4 (3,20 x 0,50 m); E5 (3,20 x 0,75 m), e E6 (3,20 x 1,00 m), divididas em irrigadas (I) e não irrigadas (NI). As variáveis foram submetidas à análise de variância, e as médias, comparadas entre si pelo teste de Tukey, a 1 e 5% de probabilidade. Foi realizada análise descritiva dos grãos nas classes de peneiras. A irrigação promoveu aumento na altura das plantas, maior diâmetro de copa e produção de café beneficiado quando comparado ao sistema não irrigado. Houve interação entre arranjo populacional e irrigação, com aumento na produção e no diâmetro da copa, conforme o espaçamento era reduzido. O uso da irrigação propiciou aumentos significativos na granulometria dos grãos de café.14515

Pt-Decorated TiO2 Materials Supported on Carbon : Increasing Activities and Stabilities toward the ORR by Tuning the Pt Loading

Pt nanoparticles (Pt NPs) supported on carbon have been widely employed as electrocatalysts toward oxygen reduction reaction. The development of more efficient electrocatalysts that enable one to reduce or even not require the use of Pt is a central challenge. In addition to the control over the physical and chemical features of Pt NPs, metal support interactions can be employed to enhance activities via the generation and exposure of surface-active sites. In this context, we report herein the development of electrocatalysts composed of Pt NPs supported on TiO2 microspheres, that were subsequently impregnated onto carbon. We have found that, by optimizing the loading of Pt at the TiO2 surface, the electrocatalytic activity toward the ORR could be improved compared to that of the commercial Pt/C (E-TEK) material, even at lower Pt loadings. The enhancement in activities could be assigned to the balance between Pt loading and generation of reactive surface sites, such as adsorbed oxygenated species. Moreover, the utilization of TiO2 as support enabled improved stabilities relative to Pt/C (E-TEK). We believe that the results described herein may inspire the development of electrocatalysts for the ORR with improved activities and stabilities.Peer reviewe

Water regimes and bean cultivar effects on the soil porous system characteristics

Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is a crop of great economic and social impacts in Brazil. This crop is extremely appreciated by the Brazilian population and an important source of protein. Usually the small farmers are responsible by the largest production of the bean in Brazil. This work deals with the analysis of the effect of different water regimes (35, 28, 21 and 14%) on the porous system of a soil cropped with two distinct cultivars (Campos Gerais and Tuiuiú). Soil water retention curve (SWRC) and its derivative were utilized with the aim of investigating the changes in the porous system. Pore size distribution was also evaluated. The experiment was carried out at a greenhouse and the soil water content for the different water regimes was monitored by means of a TDR. Four undisturbed samples were collected from each wooden bed (eight) for the physic-hydrical characterization. Discrepancies in the SWRC were noticed for the region of small pressure heads. Differences were not observed between bean cultivars to SWRC. However, the water capacity function was sensitive to show differences in the soil porous system due to the treatments and cultivars. The lowest water regimes promoted the highest volume of fissures (big pores >250 µm) and, consequently, the highest ones had the largest volume of storage pores (<25 µm)

The State of the ReCLes. pt CLIL training project

Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL), an area that has only recently been more thoroughly explored for appropriate use at higher levels of education, has been one of the research areas identified by the Association of Language Centers in Higher Education in Portugal (ReCLes.pt). ReCLes.pt members – administration and research professors are striving to make a difference in the paucity of scientific publications in this area with the creation of their national program for training content teachers in Portuguese higher education. To best learn from each other in a collaborative network and apply well-informed teaching and learning methodology to English-taught classrooms, the underlying concepts range from classroom management and scaffolding to learner autonomy and from Web 2.0 tools to terminology-based learning. As an update of the current state of the art as interpreted in this project, the outreach and reception will be described in full with attention to some detailed examples of the more successful aspects as well as others where we have found room for improvement. Recommendations will be made for other networks and individual schools aiming to effectively prepare their students for the market by using an integrated approach to content and language learning. This paper reports on the current state of the ongoing ReCLes.pt CLIL Training Project, financed in part by the FCT (the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology), with project members from a number of universities and polytechnics across Portugal.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Biodiversidade, população e economia: uma região de mata atlântica [Biodiversity, Population, and Economy: a region of atlantic forest]

Minas Gerais; Rio Doce; mata atlântica; atlantic forest; sustainable development; conservation; regional development; environment

Design-controlled synthesis of IrO2 sub-monolayers on Au nanoflowers : marrying plasmonic and electrocatalytic properties

We develop herein plasmonic-catalytic Au-IrO2 nanostructures with a morphology optimized for efficient light harvesting and catalytic surface area; the nanoparticles have a nanoflower morphology, with closely spaced Au branches all partially covered by an ultrathin (1 nm) IrO2 shell. This nanoparticle architecture optimizes optical features due to the interactions of closely spaced plasmonic branches forming electromagnetic hot spots, and the ultra-thin IrO2 layer maximizes efficient use of this expensive catalyst. This concept was evaluated towards the enhancement of the electrocatalytic performances towards the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) as a model transformation. The OER can play a central role in meeting future energy demands but the performance of conventional electrocatalysts in this reaction is limited by the sluggish OER kinetics. We demonstrate an improvement of the OER performance for one of the most active OER catalysts, IrO2, by harvesting plasmonic effects from visible light illumination in multimetallic nanoparticles. We find that the OER activity for the Au-IrO2 nanoflowers can be improved under LSPR excitation, matching best properties reported in the literature. Our simulations and electrocatalytic data demonstrate that the enhancement in OER activities can be attributed to an electronic interaction between Au and IrO2 and to the activation of Ir-O bonds by LSPR excited hot holes, leading to a change in the reaction mechanism (rate-determinant step) under visible light illumination.Peer reviewe

Sugarcane fertigated with vinasse under subsurface drip irrigation in three cycles of cane-ratoon

The objective of this study was evaluate the effect of irrigation and fertigation with mineral fertilizer and vinasse applied by subsurface drip irrigation, in the number of tiller, stem yield, technological quality of sugarcane and yield of recoverable sugar in first three cycles of ratoon cane. The treatments were: T1NI - cultivation without irrigation with mineral fertilization; T2I - cultivation fertigated with mineral fertilizers; T3Iv - cultivation fertigated with the vinasse supplying K and complementation of NP with mineral fertilizer; T4IV - cultivation fertigated with the vinasse supplying NPK. In the cycle of the first ratoon cane, there was no effect of treatments on the variables, already in the subsequent cycles, the T2I and T3Iv showed higher numbers of tillers, 17.4 and 17.2 tiller m-1, in the second ratoon cane and 16.6 and 16.0 tiller m-1 in the third ratoon cane, respectively. The stem yield was amended with the T4IV obtaining the higher yield, 179.6 Mg ha-1, in the second ratoon cane, and the T2I and T3Iv in the third ratoon cane, 151.5 and 151.0 Mg ha-1, respectively. There was no treatment effect on the technological quality and in the second ratoon cane the T3Iv and T4IV showed higher yield of sugar, 25 and 25.9 Mg ha-1, respectively.Objetivou-se, com esta pesquisa, avaliar o efeito da irrigação, da fertigação mineral e da vinhaça, aplicadas via irrigação por gotejamento subsuperficial, no número de perfilhos, produção de colmos, qualidade tecnológica e rendimento de açúcar recuperável, nos três primeiros ciclos de cana-soca. Os tratamentos foram: T1NI - Cultivo não irrigado com adubação mineral; T2I - Cultivo irrigado e fertirrigado com fertilizantes minerais; T3Iv - Cultivo irrigado e fertirrigado com a vinhaça suprindo o K e complementação do NP via fertilizantes minerais e T4IV - Cultivo irrigado e fertirrigado, com a vinhaça suprindo o NPK. No ciclo da primeira cana-soca não houve efeito dos tratamentos sobre as variáveis; já nos ciclos subsequentes o T2I e o T3Iv exibiram maiores números de perfilhos, 17,4 e 17,2 perfilhos m-1 na segunda cana-soca e 16,6 e 16,0 perfilhos m-1 na terceira cana-soca, respectivamente. A produção de colmo foi alterada com o T4Iv obtendo-se a maior produção, 179,6 Mg ha-1, na segunda cana-soca e T2I e T3Iv na terceira cana-soca, 151,5 e 151,0 Mg ha-1, respectivamente. Não houve efeito dos tratamentos sobre a qualidade tecnológica e no ciclo da segunda cana-soca os T3Iv e T4IV exibiram elevado rendimento de açúcar, 25 e 25,9 Mg ha-1, respectivamente.588594Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES