Principi contesi e contese su principi. Gli effetti del principio di eguaglianza e non discriminazione nella giurisprudenza della Corte di Giustizia = Principles contested and contested on principles. The effects of the principle of equality and non-discrimination in the jurisprudence of the Court of Justice. WP C.S.D.L.E. “Massimo D’Antona”.IT – 372/2018

The article analyses the effects of the "constitutionalisation" of the principle of equality and non-discrimination through the lens of the European Court of Justice case law. In the interpretation given by the Court, the principle ends up by having a role and a scope similar to those held in the national constitutional orders and leading to the construction of an European judicial circuit, able to bypass the jurisdiction of national high courts. This has given rise to an equal and opposite reaction by such courts, which have seen the Court's activism as a threat to their role of custodians of the national constitutions. At the heart of this dispute over principles, there are not only institutional-political issues, related to claims of authority (i.e. to the question of who owns the ultimate say in the interpretation of fundamental principles) but also cultural-identitarian issues (related to the disputed meanings of fundamental principles). The article argues that the pluralism of powers and values produced by the European integration requires a search for shared solutions and runs counter any unilateral application of fundamental principles, both by the Court of Justice and by national courts. This requires an attitude of "constitutional tolerance", a willingness to listen that is intrinsic to the practice of dialogue. It would be an illusion to think that each legal culture can return to prosper by closing itself in its own national boundaries. The defense of "constitutional identities" will not protect national communities from the loss of sovereignty driven by the hegemonic claims of the great political and economic world powers, which are able to impose their "law" at a global level

Access to Justice and Legal Clinics: Developing a Reflective Lawyering Space. Some Insights from the Italian Experience. WP CSDLE “Massimo D’Antona”.INT – 141/2017

The paper will explore the potential of legal clinics in contributing to making access to justice more effective. It intends to do so in the light of a critical assessment of the Italian system of access to justice, while taking into account the peculiarities of legal clinics as a public interest law actor. To this end, the paper will move along a double dimension of access to justice and the different approaches to the issue of effective access to justice associated with each dimension. The first approach relies on an individualistic conceptualization of access to justice and focuses on providing legal services to those unable to afford a lawyer. The second one looks at access to justice as a collective right and, rather than focusing on the need for legal services of specific individuals, aims to address the problem of legal representation in court of group and collective interests. This considered, the paper will analyze the Italian system of access to justice with the aim of highlighting its shortcomings. It will provide a brief description of the institutional context of legal aid in Italy and assess its effectiveness in terms of granting legal assistance to those unable to afford a lawyer. It will than offer an account of the mechanisms aiming to ensure effective access to justice, at the individual and/or collective level that have been put in place by private and governmental actors, focusing first on the court enforcement of the Workers’ Statute then on gender equality legislation and finally on the more recent experience of enforcement of antidiscrimination law provisions concerning, race, ethnic origin and nationality

L’idea di impresa. Un dialogo con la giovane dottrina giuslavorista = The idea of business. A dialogue with the young labor law doctrine. WP C.S.D.L.E. “Massimo D’Antona”.IT – 293/2016

The paper explores different visions of the enterprise, maintaining the conventional nature of the concept of enterprise itself, depending from the legal and social context in which it operates. It firstly analyses how the Court of Justice and the national courts have shaped the meaning of undertaking and of “productive unit” in order to support specific legal and institutional policies. The paper then explores the visions of the enterprise as an expression of the economic freedom of the entrepreneur, the “socially embedded” enterprise and, finally, the enterprise as digitalized work organization. The paper claims that the intrinsic vagueness of the idea allows to adapt it to the context in which it operates and make it functional to the needs to be met each time

I soggetti antagonisti: i lavoratori subordinati e le organizzazioni collettive = The antagonistic subjects: subordinate workers and collective organizations. WP C.S.D.L.E. "Massimo D'Antona" .IT - 58/2007

N

Il licenziamento alla luce del diritto antidiscriminatorio

L’articolo esamina la disciplina del licenziamento discriminatorio alla luce delle modifiche apportate recentemente all’art. 18 dello Statuto dei lavoratori, ragionando dapprima sulla tendenza a trasformare la tutela antidiscriminatoria nella sola forma di tutela assoluta del diritto al mantenimento del posto di lavoro. L’articolo si sofferma poi sulla specificità della tutela discriminatoria, in particolare sulla sua funzione di diagnosi di fenomeni di diseguaglianza sociale. Successivamente, attraverso l’analisi delle differenze fra il giudizio sulla giustificazione del recesso e il giudizio di discriminazione, e del relativo onere della prova, viene evidenziato il diverso test di controllo utilizzato nei due casi. Infine, a partire dalla critica della tesi per cui un licenziamento adottato per giusta causa o giustificato motivo non può essere, al tempo stesso, discriminatorio, l’articolo esamina il caso del licenziamento per rappresaglia. La tesi sostenuta è che il licenziamento ritorsivo dovuto a uno dei fattori vietati debba essere considerato come un’ipotesi tipica di discriminazione, mentre un’interpretazione estensiva, di tipo funzionalista, dei divieti di discriminazione potrebbe ricondurre quello ritorsivo per motivi non nominati a un’ipotesi atipica di discriminazione-molestia

Information Outlook, July 1999

Volume 3, Issue 7https://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/sla_io_1999/1006/thumbnail.jp

Transumano e antispecista? Umani, non umani ed ecologia culturale nell'utopia transumanista

With a rich corpus of images that influenced cultures all over the world, the idea of human/animal mimicry or even hybridization is neither unfamiliar nor unprecedented. In more recent times, speciesism and the theoretical implications of trans- and posthumanism have drawn from the rich well of mythology that informed literary genres such as fantasy and science fiction, to create new models of interaction between human and non-human animals that attempt to break the mold of nature and culture as opposites. Through the analysis of Motherlines by Suzy McKee Charnas and the MaddAddam Trilogy by Margaret Atwood, this paper aims to argue the hypotheses of anti-speciesism in literary models of transhumanism relying on human/animal hybridization in post-apocalyptic societies, focusing on its underlying anthropocentrism in a perspective deeply rooted in cultural ecology. In the same perspective, we will observe the modes of interaction between human and non-human animals according to what transhumanists define as ‘uplifting’ (Dvorsky, 2008), and we will highlight the ways in which human/animal hybridization can fuel new utopian narratives for the survival and rebirth of collapsed societies, in order to argue how anti-speciesism does not find their proper place in this brave new interspecies and transhumanist world.Con un ricco corpus di immagini che hanno influenzato le culture di tutto il mondo, l’idea dell’ibridazione uomo/animale non è certamente senza precedenti. In tempi molto più recenti, lo specismo e le implicazioni teoriche del trans- e postumanesimo hanno attinto alla ricca fonte tematica che ha dato vita a generi come il fantastico e la fantascienza, per creare nuovi modelli di interazione tra animali umani e non-umani, al fine di mettere in crisi, ancora una volta, l’opposizine tra natura e cultura. Attraverso l’analisi di Motherlines di Suzy McKee Charnas e della trilogia di MaddAddam di Margaret Atwood, questo saggio intende discutere le ipotesi di antispecismo nei modelli letterari del transumanesimo che poggiano sull’ibridazione uomo/animale in un contesto post-apocalittico, concentrandosi in particolare sul mai superato antropocentrismo che resiste persino all’interno di una prospettiva eco-culturale. Nella stessa prospettiva, osserveremo le modalità di interazione tra animali umani e non-umani secondo quello che i transumanisti definiscono ‘uplifting’ (Dvorsky, 2008) ed evidenzieremo i modi in cui l’ibridazione uomo/animale può dare vita a nuove narrazioni utopiche per la sopravvivenza e la rinascita delle società al collasso, per giungere infine a una riflessione sullo spazio che l’antispecismo potrebbe non trovare in questo nuovo mondo interspecie e transumanista

State College Times, June 2, 1932

Volume 20, Issue 73https://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/spartan_daily_1932/1055/thumbnail.jp

Effect of oxygen contamination on densification of Fe(Se,Te)

Abstract The optimization of sintering behaviour of iron chalcogenides superconducting materials is mandatory to enhance their critical current density, in order to pursuit their application in the production of superconducting wires. In this context it has been investigated here the effect of oxygen contamination on the material densification, considering the issues related to industrial oxygen-free isolated production lines. Our results show that the densification process is negatively affected by oxygen contamination. However, despite the difference in density, all sintered samples are characterized by similar structural and morphological features, and show comparable electrical and magnetic properties, with low critical current densities (Jc<103 A/cm2). These results suggest that densification is not the key limiting factor in these conditions, and that grain boundary or misorientation factors may play a greater role in limiting the performance of sintered iron chalcogenides superconductors