Environmental attitudes towards wine tourism

Wine tourism marketers frequently seek new ways to promote destinations, often executing ecologically sustainable practices. As consumer environmental knowledge of a wine tourism destination increases, consumer attitudes change, influencing perceptions of the environmental policies of a wine region. In this consumer-driven economy, it is therefore important to search for effective ways to market destinations, and one approach is selective marketing. By focusing on consumers in this manner, it is possible to understand better their concerns and motivations, which should aid in marketing and advertising efforts. This study investigated wine consumers environmental concerns and attitudes about wine regions. Results suggest environmental attitudes differed by demographics regarding the impact of wine tourism, providing ideas on further marketing efforts for those involved in wine tourism

Grain boundary phenomena in creep

Imperial Users onl

Cross-Spectral Analysis of Midfrequency Acoustic Waves Reflected by the Seafloor

Direct path measurements of a single-bottom interacting path on a vertical array are used to probe the seabed structure. The phase of the cross-spectrum, commonly used in engineering acoustics, permits examination of the importance of subbottom paths. When the cross-spectral phase is linear with frequency it implies that source to receiver propagation is dominated by a single path. A linear cross-spectral phase would also satisfy the linear seabed reflection coefficient phase approximation sometimes employed in forward modeling and geoacoustic inversion approaches. Shallow water measurements of the cross-spectrum, however, evidence a strongly nonlinear phase, below about 1500 Hz at one site, and 600 Hz at another site, implying that: 1) the subbottom structure plays an important role (i.e., a seabed half-space approximation would be inappropriate); and 2) the linear reflection phase approximation would be violated at those frequencie

L. R. Willson and Sons, Inc. v. Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission: The State of the Employee Misconduct Defense in OSHA Adjudications Involving Serious Violations

Recently, the Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals chose to remain in the minority on this issue with its holding in L.R. Willson & Sons, Inc. v. Occupational Safety & Health Review Commission. This Note supports the Fourth Circuit\u27s Willson holding. The rule followed by the Fourth Circuit and the other minority Courts of Appeals is in harmony with both the spirit and the letter of the law in question. This holding also has some sensible policy underpinnings. The Courts of Appeals holding the majority view never truly attempt to reconcile their position on this issue with federal statutory law and have never communicated a viable policy argument for burdening the employer cited with a serious safety violation with proving this defense. Part I of this Note gives a detailed narration of the Willson case. Part II examines portions of the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 applicable to this issue. In Part III, this Note explores sample cases from courts favoring the majority view on this issue ( Employer\u27s Burden Circuits) while Part IV studies important decisions of minority courts ( OSHA Burden Circuits). Part V analyzes these two positions and reveals the superiority of the minority courts\u27 decisions. Finally, Part VI concludes this discussion and recommends that the Willson decision on this issue be made the law of the land

The effects of mycorrhizal inoculant and micronutrients on early plant establshment during a tallgrass prairie reconstruction

Symbiotic relationships between mycorrhizal fungi and land plants are one of the most widespread examples of symbiosis on Earth yet there is still much to discover about their ecological impacts. Prairie reconstructions are often done on highly disturbed sites such as reclaimed cropland, turf grass, and road rights-of-way. Disturbed soils often lack adequate quantities of both mycorrhizal fungi and micronutrients. I hypothesized that inoculated seeds with mycorrhizal spores or micronutrient seed treatments will aid in the early establishment of a tallgrass prairie. To test this hypothesis four treatments (T1 control, T2 mycorrhizal, T3 micronutrient, and T4 mycorrhizal and micronutrient) were planted with a seed mixture of 36 native species (8 grasses and 28 forbs). This was a split block experiment with three replicates in each block, and individual plot size was 15 m2. Vegetation was examined using seedling count, basal coverage, above ground biomass, inflorescence count, and mycorrhizal colonization percentage. There was a significant increase (p=0.006) in total native seedlings in the mycorrhizae plots over the control plots was seen in Year 1. In Year 2 increases of 51.7% (p=0.000), 41.5% (p=0.001), and 45.1% (p=0.000) in total native basal coverage were seen for the mycorrhizae, micronutrient, and combination treatments respectively over the control. Neither the number of weed seedlings in Year 1 nor the basal coverage of weed species in Year 2 was significantly different among any of the treatments. Basal coverage of weeds was reduced in Year 2 though it was only marginally significant (p=0.102). In Year 2 there was significantly (p=0.001) higher native biomass in in all treatments versus the control. Weed biomass was not significantly different although overall weed pressure was low and there was a high degree of variability in the data. Mycorrhizae sampling revealed that there was approximately 42% (p=0.000) increase in mycorrhizal colonization in the treatments that had mycorrhizal inoculant added to the seed mixture than the plots that did not receive inoculant

The Orbital Ellipticity of Satellite Galaxies and the Mass of the Milky Way

We use simulations of Milky Way-sized dark matter haloes from the Aquarius Project to investigate the orbits of substructure haloes likely, according to a semi-analytic galaxy formation model, to host luminous satellites. These tend to populate the most massive subhaloes and are on more radial orbits than the majority of subhaloes found within the halo virial radius. One reason for this (mild) kinematic bias is that many low-mass subhaloes have apocentres that exceed the virial radius of the main host; they are thus excluded from subhalo samples identified within the virial boundary, reducing the number of subhalos on radial orbits. Two other factors contributing to the difference in orbital shape between dark and luminous subhaloes are their dynamical evolution after infall, which affects more markedly low-mass (dark) subhaloes, and a weak dependence of ellipticity on the redshift of first infall. The ellipticity distribution of luminous satellites exhibits little halo-to-halo scatter and it may therefore be compared fruitfully with that of Milky Way satellites. Since the latter depends sensitively on the total mass of the Milky Way we can use the predicted distribution of satellite ellipticities to place constraints on this important parameter. Using the latest estimates of position and velocity of dwarfs compiled from the literature, we find that the most likely Milky Way mass lies in the range $6 \times 10^{11} M_{\odot} < M_{200} < 3.1 \times 10^{12} M_{\odot}$, with a best fit value of $M_{200} = 1.1 \times 10^{12} M_{\odot}$. This value is consistent with Milky Way mass estimates based on dynamical tracers or the timing argument.Comment: 10 pages, 9 figures, Accepted by MNRA

Citizens under the law : African Americans confront the justice system in Kentucky, Missouri, and Texas, 1790-1877

Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on May 25, 2012).The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file.Dissertation advisor: Dr. Wilma KingVita.Ph. D. University of Missouri--Columbia 2011."December 2011"During the nineteenth century, southern African Americans utilized various methods to secure what they believed to be their rights as citizens of the United States. One of their most effective means was the use of the justice system. Although they confronted conflicting concepts of citizenship, changing laws regarding blacks that continuously restricted their rights, and overt racism, black Americans petitioned courts, filed lawsuits, and expressed grievances to federal and local authorities as they fought to protect themselves, their families, and their property. Southern black Americans faced a different set of circumstances than their northern counterparts as they tried to carve out lives within the framework of slavery. In doing so they created a legacy of legal resistance, which in itself was quite radical.Includes bibliographical reference

A Relationship of Wine Ratings and Wholesale Pricing, Vintage, Variety, and Region

Wine reviews, such as those from Wine Spectator and other consumer publications, help drive wine sales. The researchers in this study utilized standardized wholesale “line pricing” from a major wholesale distributor in the Southwest to compare pricing to the ratings published by Wine Spectator and to determine whether there were any correlations among other key attributes of the wine. The study produced interesting results, including that the wholesale price and vintage of a wine are significant in the prediction of the wine’s rating