Electron detachment from negative ions in bichromatic laser field

Negative ion detachment in two-colour laser field is considered within the recent modification of Keldysh model which makes it quantitatively reliable. The general approach is illustrated by calculation of angular differential detachment rates, partial rates for particular ATD (Above Threshold Detachment) channels and total detachment rates for H$^-$ ion in bichromatic field with 1:2 frequency ratio. Both perturbative and strong field regimes are examined. Polar asymmetry and phase effects are quantitatively characterized with some new features revealed. Phase effects are found to result in a huge anisotropy factor $\sim 10^3$ in the electron angular distribution in the perturbative regime.Comment: 13 pages, 8 figures in separate files which are not incorporated in the latex file of the pape

Измерение аксиологии самоорганизации общественных движений

Social movements at all levels of their organization are mobilized because of the need to articulate its values and interests in the social and political arena. It is established, that the nature of interactions within the social movements are reflected in the axiological dimension in a form of self-organized groups as a functional part of a civil society. Through that their social potential reveals, especially in the context of social changes and rising tension between value conflicts of the unmet needs and interests. In such circumstances appropriate self-organized structures are able to provide its activities with relevant organizational, social, economic and political resources. Moreover, self-organizational interactions start developing in conditions of openness in social system which is occurred in social movements. Axiological aspect of this kind of interaction is disclosed in the crossing values and interests of the communities and authorities’ answer to them. Therefore, civil society communicates with the public authorities, ensuring the livelihood of democratic society and its steady development. Social movements as a self-organized socio-political entities become a mediation mechanism between the government and the civil society.As a benefit of the study, positions through which axiological dimension of self-organizational interactions are displayed were highlighted. Firstly, the identification of values and interests. Secondly, reflection of the importance of values and interests. Thirdly, harmonization of actors’ values and interests, converting them into group values. Fourthly, the implementation of values and interests. Fifthly, the protection of values and interests of members and supporters of the movements. Sixthly, the impact of group values and interests, which is the accumulation of social and material resources, on the one hand, and a process of organizing individual’s behavior, on the other hand. Seventhly, the encouragement of individuals by directing their actions through the incorporation of group values.As a result, the internal and external interactions of social movements, which are applied to pursuance their values and special interests, turn to be an essence and the main goal of self-organization in the socio-political sphere within the civil society. The major institutions of civil society are self-organized social movements, which may include informal groups and formal organizations that make up their composition.Суспільні рухи на всіх рівнях організаційної взаємодії мобілізуються через потребу артикулювати свої цінності та інтереси на соціально-політичній арені. Встановлено, що сутність їх самоорганізаційної взаємодії в аксіологічному вимірі полягає в утворенні групових суб’єктів громадянського суспільства, особливо в контексті соціальних змін та зростання напруги через ціннісні протиріччя, незадоволенні потреб та інтересів. Виявлено, що аксіологічний аспект самоорганізаційної взаємодії розкривається в процесі перетинання ціннісних орієнтацій та інтересів громадян з діяльністю владних структур. Специфічним посередницьким механізмом між державою і громадянським суспільством є його самоорганізовані та самодіяльні утворення, які виявляються у різноманітних формах суспільних рухів. У результаті аналізу було виокремлено позиції, через які проявляється аксіологічний вимір самоорганізаційної взаємодії, а саме: виявлення ціннісних орієнтацій та інтересів, відображення їх значущості, перетворення їх на групові, їх реалізація та захист, а також їх вплив на поведінку індивідів. Таким чином, визначено, що взаємодія індивідів з приводу реалізації своїх цінностей та інтересів фактично складає сутність їх самоорганізації. При цьому основними інституціями громадянського суспільства стають самоорганізовані соціальні утворення, до яких відносяться суспільні рухи.Общественные движения мобилизируются из-за необходимости артикулировать свои ценности и интересы. Установлено, что сущность их самоорганизационного взаимодействия в аксиологическом измерении заключается в образовании групповых субъектов гражданского общества, особенно в контексте социальных преобразований.Выявлено, что аксиологический аспект самоорганизационного взаимодействия раскрывается в процессе пересечения ценностных ориентаций и интересов граждан с деятельностью властных структур. Специфическим посредническим механизмом между государством и гражданским обществом становятся его самоорганизующиеся и самодеятельные образования, которые воплощаются в различных формах общественных движений.В результате анализа были выделены позиции, по средствам которых проявляется аксиологическое измерение самоорганизации, а именно: выявление ценностных ориентаций и интересов, отражение их значимости, превращение их в групповые, их реализация и защита, а также их влияние на поведение индивидов. Таким образом, установлено, что взаимодействие индивидов с целью реализации своих ценностей фактически составляет основу для их самоорганизации. При этом основными институтами гражданского общества становятся самоорганизующиеся социальные образования, к которым относятся общественные движения

Potential Energy of Pretext: Structural and Compositional Features of “Isaac and Abraham” by Joseph Brodsky

An interpretation of the well-known, but rarely used for a holistic analysis of the work of I. Brodsky “Isaac and Abraham” is proposed in the article. If Brodsky’s text is traditionally viewed as a poetic retelling of the Old Testament history in a modern way, then the authors propose a different perspective of textual perception - free reflections of a lyrical subject, a modern hero, over an ancient sacred text. As a result, the claims of critics regarding the “chaotic” and “congested” Brodsky’s text are removed, in contrast, the harmony and depth of reflection of the lyrical subject, the modern heropoet, are demonstrated. In the course of the analysis, the genre qualification of “Isaac and Abraham” was clarified - not as a poem (the traditional point of view), but as a “great poem” (I. Brodsky’s autopresentation). Deciphering of the “difficult” places of the poem - images of a bush, a board, a train, etc., as it seemed to critics, was artificially introduced by Brodsky into the text and violated the integrity of the work. It is argued that the poem “Isaac and Abraham” was not a transcription of the Bible, but an attempt by the maturing Brodsky from today to comprehend the sacred text and on its basis comprehend himself, penetrate into the dark past in order to see the present more clearly

Figurative and Motive Unity of Joseph Brodsky’s Cycle “Mexican Divertissement”

An interpretation   of   the   semantic   unity of the poetic cycle of Joseph Brodsky “Mexican    Divertissement”    (1975),    consisting of 7 (15) lyrical texts, is proposed. If earlier researchers considered one or another poem of the cycle in isolation, then the problem of the integrity of the entire lyrical work is actualized in the work, the question of the relationship of individual cyclic texts is raised. It is shown how the same characters (emperor Maximilian, Huaretz, lyrical hero), images (ducks, parrot, lizard, cancer, etc.), motives (loneliness, death, delirium), details (geometry of figures, etc.), words and signs (explicated and implied) pass from text to text, ensuring the unity of the whole variety of melodic “pictures” of the divertissement. It is traced how “random” details appearing in one text are overgrown with additional connotations in another, providing semantic and logical support for the whole. Brodsky’s intertextual references to classical Russian literature are revealed, which translate the code of the text from “Mexican divertissement” to “Leningrad / Petersburg”, allowing one to discern the contours of the history of Russia and the fate of the hero himself (alter ego of the author) behind the exotic realities of Mexico. Some “dark places” of the cycle are deciphered, new interpretations of those already reflected by criticism are proposed. It is shown that the intention of the hero-narrator is focused not on the position of the scriptertraveler, but the creator-thinker

Construction of layered structures on valve metal alloys by microplasma oxidation

Process of layered structure materials creation based on aluminum alloys is presented. Microplasma texturing method, microplasma oxidation method and chemical metallization method were used to create these structures. Non-conductive nonmetallic inorganic coatings were produced by microplasma oxidation method. Obtained structures showed high durability under thermal stress loads due to substrate metal - non-conductive nonmetallic inorganic coating phase boundary texturing

Advocating for Children Trapped in the Midst of Armed Conflicts.

Natural and human-made disasters, including civil unrest, terrorism, biological and chemical threats, and war, have affected the world on a recurring basis. These events have caused suffering and misery to populations and have revealed a low degree of self-sufficiency and a high degree of unpreparedness on the part of governments to deal with the consequences.1 Natural and human-made adversity typically generate public health crises and economic instability, with lasting negative effects on the socioeconomic status of populations of all ages. These adverse effects affect children, who are among the most marginalized and vulnerable members of society and rarely consulted when communities make decisions that directly affect them. War is one of the world's most devastating events, requiring short-term interventions and complex long-term recovery planning, articulated in 4 phases—mitigation, preparedness, response and recovery—that focus on the rights of children who are in vulnerable circumstances and, therefore, at greater risk of harm. This commentary, authored by members of the board of directors of the European Pediatric Association–Union of National Pediatric Societies and Associations (EPA-UNEPSA), briefly discusses the plight of children exposed to situations of terror and horror during war, including severe loss and disruption in their lives, which can result in the lasting effects of post-traumatic stress disorder. Our goal is to raise awareness among pediatricians and public health authorities of the importance of developing programs directed toward the rehabilitation of children affected by war, including social healing and peace culture education, as a key approach to primary prevention of the recurrence of war

Selection of endogenous control and identification of significant microRNA deregulations in cervical cancer

IntroductionCervical cancer causes approximately 350,000 deaths each year. The availability of sensitive and specific diagnostic tests to detect cervical cancer in its early stages is essential to improve survival rates.MethodsIn this study, we compared two strategies for selecting endogenous controls: miRNA profiling by small-RNA sequencing and a commercially available microfluidic card with 30 recommended endogenous controls preloaded by the manufacturer. We used the RefFinder algorithm and coefficient of variation to select endogenous controls. We selected the combination of miR-181a-5p and miR-423-3p as the most optimal normalizer. In the second part of this study, we determined the differential expression (between tumor/non-tumor groups) of microRNA in cervical cancer FFPE tissue samples. We determined the comprehensive miRNA expression profile using small-RNA sequencing technology and verified the results by real-time PCR. We determined the relative expression of selected miRNAs using the 2-ΔΔCt method.ResultsWe detected statistically significant upregulation of miR-320a-3p, miR-7704, and downregulation of miR-26a-5p in the tumor group compared to the control group. The combination of these miRNAs may have the potential to be utilized as a diagnostic panel for cervical cancer. Using ROC curve analysis, the proposed panel showed 93.33% specificity and 96.97% sensitivity with AUC = 0.985.ConclusionsWe proposed a combination of miR-181a-5p and miR-423-3p as optimal endogenous control and detected potentially significant miRNAs (miR-320a-3p, miR-7704, miR-26a-5p). After further validation of our results, these miRNAs could be used in a diagnostic panel for cervical cancer