FDI During the First Covid-19 Year in a Developing Country

This study addresses the FDI flows into developing countries during the first COVID-19 pandemic year, regarding their resilience countries or not. From a realistic perspective, unlike previous crises, the Covid-19 pandemic is a health crisis affecting all of society, and secondly an economic crisis. We Used the percentage change in FDI flows between 2018-2019, and 2020 and other explaining indicators to illustrate the effects. the results revealed Covid-19 has affected FDI flows into developing countries severely by negatively affecting FDI flows to you through indices. Infrastructure, education, export, and death rate. In contrast, the positive impact on GDP, the workforce, openness, and trade in services. In terms of countries, the effects of Covid-19 are negative in terms of FDI flows in Asian countries, led by Macao while India and China resisted steadfastly as China focused on IT industries, while India focused on digital investment. The most vulnerable is Africa, which relies on FDI for its growth and development, despite Africa's lag in foreign direct investment flows, while the Central African region resisted due to oil exports, as well as Senegal due to investments in energy in 2020. Finally, the state of weakness also extended to a large extent, Latin American countries appear to have had a history of grappling with structural development challenges before the onset of the pandemic, adding to its impact. Keywords: FDI, Covid-19, developing countries DOI: 10.7176/EJBM/15-2-01 Publication date: January 31st 202

Reforming the legal framework for construction dispute resolution in Nigeria: a preliminary literature survey

This paper presents a preliminary literature review on the prospects of reforms of the legal framework for construction dispute resolution in Nigeria. At the moment, the prevailing method of resolving construction disputes in Nigeria are litigation and arbitration which have caused series of delays in major construction works. This paper seeks to propose effective legal framework for dispute resolution processes for the construction industry in Nigeria. While relying on some recent advances recorded in Malaysia and Singapore. While the method adopted is purely doctrinal legal research, the study identifies the relevance of alternative dispute resolution (ADR) processes in the construction industry in Nigeria as utilised elsewhere. The study found that the building blocks for the proposed dispute resolution framework in the construction industry in Nigeria are already in place but they need to be properly placed for a sustainable framework. The use of qualitative approach was to enable the study to know the experiences, perspectives and challenges facing the stakeholders in the construction industry in the use of the existing processes for construction dispute resolution. This approach will validate the need for effective construction dispute resolution processes. This is proposed to be part of the overall project management plan in any construction project so that the final project performance is not negatively impacted

Jordanian early primary stage teachers' self-reported practices to develop their pupils reading in Arabic

This study examines teachers’ practices for developing early primary stage (6-9 year-old) pupils’ reading in Arabic in the northern region of Jordan using a 25-item self-assessment checklist and a semi-structured interview. The subjects reported that their practices stem more from extrinsic motivation (e.g. responding to calls for enabling children to take part in literary competitions) than from intrinsic motivation (e.g. a personal interest in reading). The findings showed that 22 items of the Checklist scored moderate to little degrees of practice, which was further confirmed by the results of the interview. Besides, although there were no statistically significant differences among the subjects’ reports of their practices which may be attributed to the effect of gender and academic qualification, statistically significant differences were found due to teaching experience, having studied literacy-related coursework in pre-service preparation, and having a personal interest in reading. The study concludes with relevant implications for reading instruction and teacher education.peer-reviewe

The Efficiency of the PQ4R Strategy in Understanding the Mathematical Proof among the Primary School Female Students

The purpose of the study is to examine the efficiency of the PQ4R strategy in understanding the mathematical proof among primary school female students. To achieve the purpose of the study, the analytical approach is used. The sample of the study consists of 40 female students divided into two groups, one is experimental and the other is control, with each group consisting of (20) students. As for the validity and reliability of the study instrument, they are validated as required by a group of highly respective validators. The results of the study show that there is an efficiency of the teaching strategy using (PQ4R) in improving the understanding of mathematical proof for female primary school students. DOI: 10.7176/JEP/11-16-09 Publication date:June 30th 202

Molecular characterization of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from hospitals environments and patients in Northern Palestine

BACKGROUND: Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is considered one of the most common pathogen to humans. Infections caused by this mocroorganism can be acquired through both hospital and community settings. This study was carried out to investigate molecular characterization of MRSA strains isolated from the patients and their environment in two hospitals (Rafidia hospital and Thabet hospital) inNorthern Palestine, and to determine the clonal identity between these strains and their possible contribution to nosocomial infections. METHODS: Two hundred sixty five swabbed samples were collected from these hospitals, S. aureus was isolated,  antibiotic resistant genes were Panton–Valentin leukocidin (PVL) gene were detected and SCCmec and spA were typed by PCR and/or sequencing. RESULTS: The prevalence of MRSA among S. aureus isolates was 29% and 8.2% in Rafidia hospital and Thabet hospital, respectively. All strains resistant to oxacilllin disk were carried mecA gene. Majority of strains (84.6%) carried SCCmec type II (n = 11), type IVa and non-typeable were also detected. In addition, PVL was detected in 2 (14.3%) clinical strains. ERIC PCR patterns revealed that 2 strains recovered from patient bed and nasal swab isolated from Thabet Hospital were nontypeable, spA typing showed that they belonged to type t386 and have identical DNA sequences. Other 2 clinical isolates were spa typed, one belonged to clone t044, while the other is new clone not exist in database. CONCLUSIONS: Results may give evidence that environmental contamination possibly contributing to nosocomial infections

Enhancing Exports through Managing Logistics Performance: Evidence From Middle East and African Countries

Logistics activities and its cost affect daily businesses operations and eventually the country’s economy. If countries are able to manage logistics performance efficiently it will be able to compete better internationally. The key objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between the logistics performance index and its components and exports focusing on Middle East and African countries using a regression model. Results of this study indicated that the logistics performance index positively enhance countries exports. In addition, logistics performance index components namely; customs, infrastructure, international shipments and timeliness have a significant impact individually, except for logistics quality, competence, tracking and tracing. The paper aims at supporting the economic policy maker to improve the economic decision in the field of logistics

The role of business intelligence in knowledge sharing: a Case Study at Al-Hikma Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Company

This case study attempted to find the role of Business Intelligence (BI) in Knowledge Sharing at Al-Hikma Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Company in Jordan. A questionnaire was designed and distributed to the number of (75) employees. A number of (68) questionnaires were returned, (7) were rejected for incomplete responses and (61) responses (81 percent response rate) were applied in data analyses. The results indicates that the impact of Online Analytical Processing on the Knowledge Sharing is significant. It also indicated that there is some sort of impact of Data Mining on Knowledge Sharing. Additionally the results shows that there was a significant impact of Data Warehousing on Knowledge Sharing. The findings of the study indicates that the Business Intelligence tools that had a greatest impact on Knowledge Sharing are, respectively: Online Analytical Processing, Data Warehousing, and Data Mining. Keywords: Business Intelligence, Knowledge Sharing, Pharmaceutical Industry

EFFECT OF ASSERTIVENESS TRAINING ON RESILIENCE AMONG EARLY-ADOLESCENTS

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of assertive training on early-adolescents‘ improvement of resilience. The training which consisted of 10 sessions of 50 minutes each was conducted at Army Day Secondary School in Obio/Akpor Local Government Area of Rivers State. A total of 24 students aged 10-12 years were used for the study. Pre-test post test experimental and control group design was used with some observation also made. Randomisation assignment was used to draw the 14 (8 male and 6 female) students to experimental and 10 (male and female) student to control groups. Researcher made early-adolescents‘ resilience scale (P.R.S) were used as instruments. Experts in the field of Guidance and Counselling validated the instruments for both pre-test and post-test. A test retest was employed at interval of two weeks to test for the reliability co-efficient of the instrument; Spearman‘s product moment correlation method was used to test the result. The correlated coefficients of early-adolescents‘ resilience scale = 0.84. The summary of the research questions and hypothesis answered showed that there was positive effect of assertiveness training on improvement of resilience on respondents. The assertiveness training showed more improvement on resilience of the girls than that of the boys. From the statistical analysis, we conclude that the assertive training has been able to improve the level of resilience on the experimental group. This result shows that both the male and female was affected equally by the assertiveness training. There were higher scores from the experimental group and for that we attribute it to the effect of assertive training on them. The observation carried out by the researcher and the teachers has a positive outcome. Recommendation was made for the need of counselling units in schools

Bilateral inverted and impacted maxillary third molars: a case report

Bilateral inverted third molar impaction is an extremely rare condition. We reported the case of a 50-year-old female patient with bilateral inverted and impacted maxillary third molars. Both were asymptomatic and pathology free clinically and radiographically. Surgical extraction of these inverted third molars with inaccessible positions requires an aggressive bone removal on the tuberosity bilaterally. Moreover, it contains a high risk of displacement of the inverted third molar into the maxillary sinus. Conservative management was the choice, with the patient’s agreement, and the inverted third molars were left in sit