Quando tudo parou: relato de experiência sobre a continuidade das atividades do projeto de extensão “Histórias e Memórias sobre Educação” durante a pandemia de COVID-19 (2020-2021)

 Antes da pandemia de Covid-19, o projeto de extensão “Histórias e Memórias sobre Educação – 2° edição” desenvolvia atividades majoritariamente presenciais. A partir de 2020, sem a possibilidade de garantir a integridade da equipe por conta da pandemia de COVID-19, foi necessário readequar nosso trabalho de forma remota. O objetivo, então, era aproximar-se da comunidade externa à universidade através de ações socioeducativas entorno da preservação de fontes e da História da Educação. Para isso, dentre outras iniciativas, o projeto criou o boletim "A Traça", publicado mensalmente desde agosto de 2020, e ofertou cursos de extensão semestralmente, que já eram ministrados presencialmente, mas tiveram seu público expandido durante a pandemia. Do ponto de vista metodológico, as atividades constituíram e foram limitadas pelo formato remoto e pela pesquisa de material bibliográfico que pode ser encontrada on-line, porém continuamos exercendo o princípio da indissociabilidade entre ensino, pesquisa e extensão – característica que sempre buscamos evidenciar nas ações extensionistas. O presente relato busca contribuir para a discussão sobre o impacto da pandemia na extensão universitária através da compilação das ações desenvolvidas pelo nosso projeto de extensão

Reward and Uncertainty Favor Risky Decision-Making in Pilots: Evidence from Cardiovascular and Oculometric Measurements

International audienceIn this paper we examined plan continuation error (PCE), a well known error made by pilots consisting in continuing the flight plan despite adverse meteorological conditions. Our hypothesis is that a large range of strong negative emotional consequences, including those induced by economic pressure, are associated with the decision to revise the flight plan and favor PCE. We investigated the economic hypothesis with a simplified landing task (reproduction of a real aircraft instrument) in which uncertainty and reward were manipulated. Heart rate (HR), heart rate variability (HRV) and eye tracking measurements were performed to get objective clues both on the cognitive and emotional state of the volunteers. Results showed that volunteers made more risky decisions under the influence of the financial incentive, in particular when uncertainty was high. Psychophysiological examination showed that HR increased and total HRV decreased in response to the cognitive load generated by the task. In addition, HR also increased in response to the financially motivated condition. Eventually, fixation times increased when uncertainty was high, confirming the difficulty in obtaining/interpreting information from the instrument in this condition. These results support the assumption that risky-decision making observed in pilots can be, at least partially, explained by a shift from cold to hot (emotional) decision-making in response to economic constraints and uncertainty

Investigating cognitive control for situation awareness: A psychophysiological approach ?

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Etude du mode de contrôle lors d'interférences proactives : une caractérisation psychophysiologique

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Influence of a temporally-customizable HMI on pilots' cognitive load in civil aviation: a comparative study

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Une perspective neuroergonomique sur les prédictions de la charge mentale issues du modèle cadre SRK de Jens Rasmussen

International audienceThe Skill, Rule, and Knowledge framework is a highly influential framework in HF/E that led to few empirical validations. In this article, we focused on mental workload predictions suggesting that control modes are supposed to produce gradually higher levels of mental workload. Forty-four participants were given a modified MATB-II task. They had to solve different tasks to illustrate skill-based, rule-based, and knowledge-based control modes. The results showed expected workload levels for skill and rule-based control modes. However, the knowledge-based control mode produced both the lowest mental workload but also the lowest performance of the three modes. We interpreted the results in the light of neurophysiologically plausible studies distinguishing engagement and effort (from overall mental workload). We noticed that participants did not fully engage in the knowledge-based control mode, which then limited their effort and ultimately produced a lower performance compared to the other control modes. We argue that conceptual refinement of mental workload based on neurophysiologically plausible theories illustrates the interest of neurosciences in HF/E.Rasmussen (1979, 1983, 1986) a proposé le modèle cadre des habiletés, règles et connaissances (SRK). Si ce modèle est particulièrement influant dans la communauté des Facteurs Humains et Ergonomie, peu d’études empiriques ont tenté de le mettre à l’épreuve. Dans cet article, nous nous focalisons sur les prédictions de ce modèle envers la charge mentale. Elles suggèrent que le mode de contrôle produit des niveaux distincts et croissants de charge mentale. Pour tester cette prédiction nous avons réalisé une expérience auprès de quarante-quatre participants ayant à résoudre une version modifiée des tâches du MATB-II. Plus précisément, ils devaient réaliser trois tâches différentes illustrant chacune un niveau de contrôle fondé sur les habiletés, les règles ou les connaissances. Des indices physiologiques (cardiaques), des évaluations subjectives de la charge ainsi que des mesures de performance ont été recueillis. Les résultats sont conformes aux prédictions concernant les modes de contrôles liés aux habiletés et aux règles. Néanmoins, lorsque le mode était basé sur les connaissances, les participants obtenaient les moins bonnes performances et percevaient la charge mentale comme étant la plus faible. Nous interprétons ces résultats à la lumière d’études issues des neurosciences et distinguons l’engagement et l’effort. Nous notons que les participants ne se sont pas pleinement engagés dans la tâche, par un effort réduit et une performance plus faible que dans les autres tâches. Nous considérons alors que ce type de raffinement conceptuel de la charge mentale s’appuyant sur les neurosciences souligne l’intérêt de la neuro­ergonomie pour les Facteurs Humains et l’Ergonomie

Effect of Daylight Saving Time on Punctuality for Medical Appointments

International audienceWe studied the effect of the switch from daylight saving time to winter time on punctuality for medical appointments, thus allowing us to investigate the role of dynamic and analytic modes of time management in time‐based prospective memory tasks. Insofar as some authors assume that the dynamic mode of time management is based on rhythms, we hypothesised that the switch from daylight saving time would cause more disturbances when participants' everyday activity had a weak temporal structure. Results showed that after the switch, participants arrived early for their appointments, but this earliness was not higher for participants whose everyday activity had a low temporal structure than for participants with highly structured everyday activity. Nevertheless, compared to the time they planned to arrive, participants with low regularity of activity arrived earlier after the switch, suggesting that their temporal reference would the time fixed by themselves, rather than the appointment time