Exploração de Covert Channels de Rede sobre comunicações IEEE 802.15.4

The advancements in information and communication technology in the past decades have been converging into a new communication paradigm in which everything is expected to be interconnected with the heightened pervasiveness and ubiquity of the Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm. As these technologies mature, they are increasingly finding its way into more sensitive domains, such as Medical and Industrial IoT, in which safety and cyber-security are paramount. While the number of deployed IoT devices continues to increase annually, up to tens of billions of connected devices, IoT devices continue to present severe cyber-security vulnerabilities, which are worsened by challenges such as scalability, heterogeneity, and their often scarce computing capacity. Network covert channels are increasingly being used to support malware with stealthy behaviours, aiming at exfiltrating data or to orchestrate nodes of a botnet in a cloaked fashion. Nevertheless, the attention to this problem regarding underlying and pervasive IoT protocols such as the IEEE 802.15.4 has been scarce. Therefore, in this Thesis, we aim at analysing the performance and feasibility of such covertchannel implementations upon the IEEE 802.15.4 protocol to support the development of new mechanisms and add-ons that can effectively contribute to improve the current state of-art of IoT systems which rely on such, or similar underlying communication technologies.Os avanços nas tecnologias de informação e comunicação nas últimas décadas têm convergido num novo paradigma de comunicação, onde se espera que todos os intervenientes estejam interconectados pela ubiquidade do paradigma da Internet of Things (Internet das Coisas). Com a maturação destas tecnologias, elas têm-se vindo a infiltrar em domínios cada vez mais sensíveis, como nas aplicações médicas e industriais, onde a confiabilidade da informação e cyber-segurança são um fator crítico. Num contexto onde o número de dispositivos IoT continua a aumentar anualmente, já na ordem das dezenas de biliões de dispositivos interconectados, estes continuam, contudo, a apresentar severas vulnerabilidades no campo da cyber-segurança, sendo que os desafios como a escalabilidade, heterogeneidade e, na maioria das vezes, a sua baixa capacidade de processamento, tornam ainda mais complexa a sua resolução de forma permanente. Os covert channels de rede são cada vez mais um meio de suporte a malwares que apresentam comportamentos furtivos, almejando a extração de informação sensível ou a orquestração de nós de uma botnet de uma forma camuflada. Contudo, a atenção dada a este problema em protocolos de rede IoT abrangentes como o IEEE 802.15.4, tem sido escassa. Portanto, nesta tese, pretende-se elaborar uma análise da performance e da viabilidade da implementação de covert channels em modelos de rede onde figura o protocolo IEEE 802.15.4 de forma a suportar o desenvolvimento de novos mecanismos e complementos que podem efetivamente contribuir para melhorar a ciber-segurança de sistemas IoT que dependem do suporte destas tecnologias de comunicação

A relevância do princípio da precaução numa política integrada para o mar

Uma das características dominantes das socie‑ dades actuais mais desenvolvidas é a percepção cada vez mais acentuada de uma variedade crescente de riscos e a procura incessante para os identificar, controlar e eventualmente eliminar. O peso dos novos riscos tecnológicos, e a consciência dos seus efeitos, despertou a humanidade para os perigos do desenvolvimento tecnológico e indus‑ trial desenfreado. O alarme social foi lançado em domínios como o ambiente de uma forma geral e para o marinho em particular. Um dos princípios orientadores da Estratégia Nacional para o Mar, aprovada pela Resolução do Conselho de Ministros nº 163/2006, publicada no DR nº 237 de 12/12/2006 é o princípio da precaução. Mas será um princípio jurídico ou uma directiva meramente política? Distingue‑se ou confunde‑se com a prevenção de perigos? Qual o seu conteúdo e limites? Em que termos pode relevar na política nacional para o mar? De forma breve, procuramos neste artigo responder as estas questões

Load Management in a Smart House

Since a couple years ago, studies have been done in order to minimize the energy consumption at home. With that in mind, algorithms were developed to predict the energy consumption at the house and study the behaviour of the loads with the goal of minimizing the energy costs. In this dissertation, the objective was to create a model for the space heating and water heating and study their behaviour and adjust their load model to reduce the energy consumption and energy bill, and find the best energy tariffs for each case.The models consider physical parameters of the house , so the model can be a better approximation from reality.However, the problem is not only, a Energy and bill reduction, but the algorithm has to focus on the comfort of the house habitants too.Since a couple years ago, studies have been done in order to minimize the energy consumption at home. With that in mind, algorithms were developed to predict the energy consumption at the house and study the behaviour of the loads with the goal of minimizing the energy costs. In this dissertation, the objective was to create a model for the space heating and water heating and study their behaviour and adjust their load model to reduce the energy consumption and energy bill, and find the best energy tariffs for each case.The models consider physical parameters of the house , so the model can be a better approximation from reality.However, the problem is not only, a Energy and bill reduction, but the algorithm has to focus on the comfort of the house habitants too

Clustering consumers who engage in boycotting: New insights into the relationship between political consumerism and institutional trust

This study proposes a segmentation model for European consumers engaging in boycotting and examines each segment’s level of trust in public institutions. Using data from the European Social Survey (ESS), measures of generalized trust, social participation, interest in politics, human values and demographics were used as segmentation variables in a two-cluster solution. The two clusters, labeled conservative majority and active idealists, revealed significant differences in their levels of institutional trust in 10 of the 21 countries analyzed. These findings highlight the potential heterogeneity of consumers engaging in boycotting and offer an explanation for extant contrasting findings regarding the relationship between institutional trust and political consumerism.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Tradições de inumação durante a Idade do Bronze em Torre Velha 12 (Salvador, Serpa)

A estação arqueológica Torre Velha 12 foi intervencionada no âmbito dos trabalhos arqueológicos promovidos pela EDIA, S.A. no âmbito da execução do Bloco de Rega de Brinches-Enxoé. A escavação permitiu a identificação de inúmeras estruturas em negativo articuláveis com dois períodos distintos: Neolítico final/Calcolítico e Idade do Bronze. Em articulação com este último intervalo cronológico, foram identificados diferentes contextos de inumação. Neste artigo, apresentaremos estes contextos com o objetivo de discutir as “tradições” de inumação da Idade do Bronze

Tradições de inumação durante a Idade do Bronze em Torre Velha 12 (Salvador, Serpa)

A estação arqueológica Torre Velha 12 foi intervencionada no âmbito dos trabalhos arqueológicos promovidos pela EDIA, S.A. no âmbito da execução do Bloco de Rega de Brinches-Enxoé. A escavação permitiu a identificação de inúmeras estruturas em negativo articuláveis com dois períodos distintos: Neolítico final/Calcolítico e Idade do Bronze. Em articulação com este último intervalo cronológico, foram identificados diferentes contextos de inumação. Neste artigo, apresentaremos estes contextos com o objetivo de discutir as “tradições” de inumação da Idade do Bronze

Jorge Peixinho: homage as a vehicle for musical gestures

Jorge Peixinho (1940-1995) was a major Portuguese composer of the avant-garde musical movement from the second half of the twentieth century. Jorge Peixinho’s works catalogue, elaborated by Delgado, Machado, and Machado (2002), was consulted as the main source for the identification of 21 guitar works (some with several versions) composed through a period of 24 years (1971-1994). Set in the framework of Artistic Research, as understood by Correia (2017), this work is characterized by the articulated juxtaposition of two interdependent components: the creation of verbalizable knowledge, through conventional methods of investigation, and the creation of non-verbalizable embodied knowledge, through creative processes specific to artistic production. This communication proposal focuses on an original composition for solo guitar, entitled Jorge Peixinho - In Memoriam, which was crafted from musical gestures and other specificities found on Peixinho’s guitar output. The aim is to spread Peixinho’s music through this homage, quoting 11 of his barely known guitar works, which deserve to be part of the main guitar repertoire from last century’s European art music.publishe

Jorge Peixinho's interpretative gestures reflected in his guitar music: analysis and performance

The present communication proposal is inserted in the scope of the Investigation Project “Jorge Peixinho and the guitar”. The project consists on the framework of Jorge Peixinho's works with guitar, identification of the specificities of the composer's writing for the guitar and exploration of technical and musical implications on performance. This communication is born from the investigation problem visible in the following question: how to interpret Jorge Peixinho's guitar works? The aim is to create interpretation proposals grounded on the options taken by the composer as a performer. Recordings of the pianist Jorge Peixinho performing his own piano works were collected and analyzed. This way, it has been identified reoccurring interpretative gestures characteristic to Peixinho. These gestures are synthesized on a dictionary that presents a range of possibilities, intended to create a restitution of interpretative gestures of the pianist/composer. Based on this tool, there is an exploration of the identified gestures' application to analogous sections found on Jorge Peixinho's guitar manuscripts (1971 to 1994). Through the recording's analysis and identification of gestures, a dictionary is created whose consultation could interest all the performers that want to have an approach to Jorge Peixinho's lifeworks, as a tool of reference, contextualization and/or fertilization of the performance. Through the exploration of the identified gestures' concrete application to the repertoire with guitar in particular, interpretation proposals pertinent to guitarists that are interested in Jorge Peixinho's work were born. The communication will include a reproduction of recordings (video) of interpretative proposals on the guitar, as well as excerpts of the recordings (audio) of Jorge Peixinho.publishe

Jorge Peixinho - In Memoriam for solo guitar: a compositional and interpretative proposal

The present communication focuses on a new compositional and interpretative proposal for solo guitar and is set in the framework of Artistic Research, as understood by Correia (2017). Therefore, itʼs characterized by the articulated juxtaposition of two interdependent components: the creation of verbalizable knowledge, through conventional methods of investigation, and the creation of non-verbalizable embodied knowledge, through creative processes specific to artistic production. This proposal takes the form of a work for solo guitar, entitled Jorge Peixinho - In Memoriam, which is intended to crystalize, focus, develop and amplify guitar writing characteristics of Jorge Peixinho (1940- 1995). The composition and interpretation of this work stem from the observation of a range of techniques, effects, gestures and structures present in Peixinhoʼs guitar works. During the 20th centuryʼs second half, shaping the avant-garde musical movement in Portugal, the composer develops and utilizes an array of characteristic elements, which are now explored in a systematic way, with influence taken from the concept of affordances from Gibson (1979) and from its application to music, as proposed by Reybrouck (2005). There is a search for possibilities of development, fusion, fertilization, proliferation, interweaving and incorporation of these particularities in a 21st centuryʼs composition and performance. Jorge Peixinhoʼs works catalogue, elaborated by Delgado, Machado, and Machado (2002), was consulted as the main source for the identification of 21 guitar works composed through 24 years (1971-1994). Through the consultation of the available sources on Jorge Peixinho and the undertaking of interviews to a group of people that met the composer, data was collected concerning the aesthetic and the practices of his contemporaneity, namely within Grupo de Música Contemporânea de Lisboa. With the gathering of Jorge Peixinhoʼs manuscripts and ensuing analysis and hands-on exploration with the guitar, there were identified recurrent and characteristic elements on Peixinhoʼs guitar writing. This proposal is intended to contribute for the development of a 21st century contemporary guitar, rooted on the recent history that precedes it, alongside with the divulgation of the barely known guitar role in Jorge Peixinhoʼs works, as well as pay a deserved and heartfelt tribute to the composer.publishe

Guitar in Jorge Peixinho's Music

Jorge Peixinho (1940-1995) was a Portuguese composer at the forefront of the avant-garde musical movement from the second half of the twentieth century. Among his lifework, there are 21 guitar pieces (some with several versions), composed over a period of 24 years (1971 to 1994). This communication proposal presents a project of Artistic Research that focuses on Jorge Peixinho’s guitar output. Consists on the framework of Jorge Peixinho’s guitar works, identification of the composer’s writing specificities for the instrument and exploration of its technical and musical implications. The aim is to inform the performance and to raise awareness of these largely unknown works, which deserve its rightful place in the main guitar repertoire from last century’s European art music.publishe