Validly Adopted Interpretations : Defining the Deference Standard in Aviation Certificate Action Appeals

The split-enforcement model of agency administration creates a dilemma for the adjudicating agency regarding how much deference it should allot interpretive documents promulgated by the agency with rulemaking authority. In 1992, Congress sought to resolve this problem in the area of aviation safety by statutorily mandating that the adjudicating agency, the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB), defer to validly adopted interpretations generated by the rulemaking agency, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). Ironically, the statute created even more uncertainty because the term validly adopted is vague and remains undefined. Subsequent decisions have not clarified exactly when the NTSB considers itself bound. This Comment examines the realm of possible FAA interpretations that could be determined to be validly adopted in the context of aviation safety certificate action appeals. This Comment argues that regardless of form, FAA interpretations that meet uniformity and notice criteria and are not arbitrary or capricious should be considered validly adopted and bind the NTSB

Przegonić chmury: komunikowanie wizji, misji i wartości na stronach WWW bibliotek akademickich

There are many uncertains about the future of academic libraries in contemporary debates. Dictated with changes in the environment as well as in education, they make the redefinition of university libraries necessary and the new formula for their identity is needed. Answers for following about mission and vision of libraries should be found: how do libraries see their future and their prospective role? could library image be shaped by mission and vision, plans and strategies, values and goals? could those affect the stakeholders’ evaluation? If so, whether and how are they communicated to the users? Do academic libraries use the communication and information potential of their own websites? Analyzing the web pages of the Polish public university libraries, the article examines whether and where the information about the mission, vision and values is placed on their web portals

A colheita florestal do século XXI : foco nas novas tendências aplicadas à programas de treinamento de operadores de colheira florestal mecanizada

Orientador: Prof. Renato RobertMonografia (especialização) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Agrárias, Departamento de Economia Rural e Extensão, Curso de Pós-Graduação em Gestão FlorestalResumo: Este trabalho abrange um tema que vem sendo foco de muitas discussões dentre as empresas florestais e seus profissionais que trabalham com Colheita Mecanizada, a qualidade de formação e conhecimento de seus operadores de máquinas. Como a área de Colheita é uma das detentoras dos custos mais altos de obtenção de matéria-prima, se faz necessário que a atenção esteja voltada para os investimentos mais altos do processo, as máquinas, e com isso as pessoas que as manejam, portanto os operadores. Esse trabalho visa apresentar como um novo modelo de formação de operadores de máquinas florestais, através de investimentos em estruturas avançadas, tecnologia, apoio e principalmente em educação, resultando num profissional mais preparado com conceitos e atitudes podendo propiciar uma melhor relação com a prática operacional, com a segurança, com a qualidade da informação e com o meio-ambiente, fazendo da Colheita Florestal mecanizada uma oportunidade de se extrair seus melhores resultados. A princípio será apresentado um conjunto de informações gerais a respeito da colheita com dados e informações e em seguida será abordado de uma maneira mais direcionada o método de formação de operadores de máquina florestais praticado pelo Senai e finalmente serão apresentado os resultados e as discussões sobre o processo.Abstract: This work covers a topic that has been the focus of much discussion among forestry companies and their professionals that work with Mechanical Harvest: the quality of training and knowledge of its machine operators. As the Harvest area is one of the holders of the higher costs of obtaining of raw materiais, it is necessary that attention is focused on higher investment of process: the machines and the people who manage them, that is, the operators. This paper presents as a new training model for forest machine operators, by means of investing in advanced structures, technology, support and mainly in education, resulting in a more prepared professional with concepts and attitudes, providing a better relationship with operational practice, safety, quality of information and the environment, making Mechanized Harvesting Forest an opportunity to extract their best results. ln principie, it will be presented a set of general information about the harvest with data and information. ln the sequence, it will be approached in a more directed manner the method of forming forestry machine operators practiced by Senai, and finally, it will be presented the results and discussions about the process

Early implementation of continuous venovenous haemodiafiltration improves outcome in patients with heart failure complicated by acute kidney injury

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a serious complication of heart failure (HF). Continuous venovenous haemodiafiltration (CVVHDF) is a widely accepted method for treating this complication. However, the optimal time of its initiation has not been established. Aim: To compare the outcome of patients with HF treated with CVVHDF which was implemented late (the first two years of our experience) or early (the next two years of our experience). Methods: Thirty seven patients, mean age 65 years, were hospitalised between April 2006 and January 2010 with the diagnosis of HF complicated by AKI. The primary cardiovascular diseases were: valvular heart disease (30%), acute coronary syndrome (27%), dilated cardiomyopathy (16%), exacerbation of chronic HF (11%), and others (16%). The inclusion criteria for CVVHDF therapy were: symptoms of HF including cardiogenic shock with high levels of creatinine (≥ 300 μmol/L) and/or oliguria and/or symptoms of septic shock. The exclusion criteria were: serious coagulation disturbances or inability of placing a catheter in a central vein. Group A consisted of 12 patients treated from April 2006 to the end of 2007. In group B, there were 25 patients treated from the beginning of 2008 to January 2010. Before treatment, mean ejection fraction, left ventricular diastolic diameter and mean blood pressure in both groups were comparable. Renal replacement therapy in group B was started earlier than in group A (mean 2.0 ± 2.0 days vs 4.0 ± 4.3 days from the onset of symptoms of AKI; NS). Results: The day after the beginning of CVVHDF, renal failure parameters improved in both groups, but the improvement was much more significant in group B. In group A, 11 (92%) patients died. The mean CVVHDF duration was six days and all patients required mechanical ventilation. In group B, 17 (68%) patients died (NS). The mean CVVHDF duration was shortened to four days. Seventeen (68%) patients were ventilated mechanically and this parameter was significantly different between the groups (p = 0.03) Conclusions: An early introduction of CVVHDF significantly diminished the need to use mechanical ventilation and indicated a positive trend in the reduction of in-hospital mortality in patients with HF complicated by AKI. Kardiol Pol 2011; 69, 9: 891–896Wstęp i cel: Celem pracy była ocena rokowania u chorych z niewydolnością serca (HF) powikłaną ostrym uszkodzeniem nerek (AKI), leczonych za pomocą ciągłej żylno-żylnej hemodiafiltracji (CVVHDF). Badanych podzielono na 2 grupy. Do grupy A zaliczono pacjentów leczonych w pierwszych 2 latach od początku stosowania CVVHDF, a do grupy B — chorych poddanych terapii w późniejszym okresie. Metody: W okresie od kwietnia 2006 do stycznia 2010 r. w Klinice Intensywnej Terapii Kardiologicznej hospitalizowano 37 chorych z HF powikłaną AKI. Wada serca była przyczyną HF u 30% osób, ostry zespół wieńcowy — u 27% chorych, kardiomiopatię rozstrzerzeniową stwierdzono u 16% pacjentów, a zaostrzenie przewlekłej HF u 11%. U pozostałych 16% chorych rozpoznano inne przyczyny HF. Kryteriami włączenia do leczenia za pomocą CVVHDF były: objawy lewo- i/lub prawokomorowej HF, w tym wstrząs kardiogenny i stężenie kreatyniny we krwi ≥ 300 μmol/l i/lub skąpomocz, i/lub objawy wstrząsu septycznego. W przypadku istotnych zaburzeń krzepliwości krwi lub niemożności założenia dostępu żylnego do żyły centralnej nie stosowano CVVHDF. W grupie A było 12 chorych leczonych od kwietnia 2006 do końca 2007 r., a w grupie B — 25 osób leczonych od początku 2008 do stycznia 2010 r. Przed terapią badane grupy nie różniły się pod względem wartości frakcji wyrzutowej, wymiaru rozkurczowego lewej komory i średniego ciśnienia tętniczego krwi. U chorych z grupy B CVVHDF rozpoczęto wcześniej niż u pacjentów z grupy A (średnio 2,0 ± 2,0 v. 4,0 ± 4,3 dni; NS). Wyniki: W drugiej dobie leczenia za pomocą CVVHDF w obu grupach parametry niewydolności nerek poprawiły się, ale w istotnie większym stopniu w grupie B. W trakcie pobytu w szpitalu zmarło 11 (92%) chorych z grupy A; terapia za pomocą CVVHDF trwała średnio 6 dni, a 12 (100%) osób wymagało wentylacji mechanicznej. W grupie B zgony szpitalne wystąpiły u 17 (68%) chorych, a średni czas trwania CVVHDF wynosił 4 dni. W porównaniu z grupą A istotnie rzadziej zastosowano wentylację mechaniczną (17 chorych, 68%; p = 0,03). Wnioski: U chorych z HF powikłaną AKI wcześnie rozpoczęte leczenie nerkozastępcze za pomocą CVVHDF ogranicza konieczność stosowania wentylacji mechanicznej i pozytywnie wpływa na redukcję śmiertelności wewnątrzszpitalnej. Kardiol Pol 2011; 69, 9: 891–89

BESS: Balanced Entity Sampling and Sharing for Large-Scale Knowledge Graph Completion

We present the award-winning submission to the WikiKG90Mv2 track of OGB-LSC@NeurIPS 2022. The task is link-prediction on the large-scale knowledge graph WikiKG90Mv2, consisting of 90M+ nodes and 600M+ edges. Our solution uses a diverse ensemble of $85$ Knowledge Graph Embedding models combining five different scoring functions (TransE, TransH, RotatE, DistMult, ComplEx) and two different loss functions (log-sigmoid, sampled softmax cross-entropy). Each individual model is trained in parallel on a Graphcore Bow Pod$_{16}$ using BESS (Balanced Entity Sampling and Sharing), a new distribution framework for KGE training and inference based on balanced collective communications between workers. Our final model achieves a validation MRR of 0.2922 and a test-challenge MRR of 0.2562, winning the first place in the competition. The code is publicly available at: https://github.com/graphcore/distributed-kge-poplar/tree/2022-ogb-submission.Comment: First place in the WikiKG90Mv2 track of the Open Graph Benchmark Large-Scale Challenge @NeurIPS202

Aplicação de Padrões de Concorrência em Ambientes de Desenvolvimento Distribuído

De modo prático, este artigo aponta a importância da aplicação de padrões de software para a construção de sistemas complexos, como um ambiente de desenvolvimento distribuído de software denominado DiSEN. Os padrões apresentados implicam a concorrência e fornecem soluções eficazes para auxiliar a produção de um sistema com qualidade e promover ganhos de produtividade à equipe de pesquisa

Clinical picture and risk prediction of short-term mortality in cardiogenic shock

AIMS: The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical picture and outcome of cardiogenic shock and to develop a risk prediction score for short-term mortality. METHODS AND RESULTS: The CardShock study was a multicentre, prospective, observational study conducted between 2010 and 2012. Patients with either acute coronary syndrome (ACS) or non-ACS aetiologies were enrolled within 6 h from detection of cardiogenic shock defined as severe hypotension with clinical signs of hypoperfusion and/or serum lactate >2 mmol/L despite fluid resuscitation (n = 219, mean age 67, 74% men). Data on clinical presentation, management, and biochemical variables were compared between different aetiologies of shock. Systolic blood pressure was on average 78 mmHg (standard deviation 14 mmHg) and mean arterial pressure 57 (11) mmHg. The most common cause (81%) was ACS (68% ST-elevation myocardial infarction and 8% mechanical complications); 94% underwent coronary angiography, of which 89% PCI. Main non-ACS aetiologies were severe chronic heart failure and valvular causes. In-hospital mortality was 37% (n = 80). ACS aetiology, age, previous myocardial infarction, prior coronary artery bypass, confusion, low LVEF, and blood lactate levels were independently associated with increased mortality. The CardShock risk Score including these variables and estimated glomerular filtration rate predicted in-hospital mortality well (area under the curve 0.85). CONCLUSION: Although most commonly due to ACS, other causes account for one-fifth of cases with shock. ACS is independently associated with in-hospital mortality. The CardShock risk Score, consisting of seven common variables, easily stratifies risk of short-term mortality. It might facilitate early decision-making in intensive care or guide patient selection in clinical trials

The role of intraoperative narrow-band imaging in transoral laser microsurgery for early and moderately advanced glottic cancer

Introduction: Trans-oral laser microsurgery is an established technique for the treatment of early and moderately advanced laryngeal cancer. Objective: The authors intend to test the usefulness of narrow-band imaging in the intraoperative assessment of the larynx mucosa in terms of specifying surgical margins. Methods: Forty-four consecutive T1-T2 glottic cancers treated with trans-oral laser microsurgery Type I-VI cordectomy were presented. Suspected areas (90 samples/44 patients) were biopsied under the guidance of narrow-band imaging and white light and sent for frozen section. Results: Our study revealed that 75 of 90 (83.3%) white light and narrow-band imaging-guided samples were histopathologically positive: 30 (40%) were confirmed as carcinoma in situ or invasive carcinoma and 45 (60%) as moderate to severe dysplasia. In 6 patients mucosa was suspected only in narrow-band imaging, with no suspicion under white light. Thus, in these 6 patients 18/90 (20%) samples were taken. In 5/6 patients 16/18 (88.8%) samples were positive in frozen section: in 6/18 (33.3%) carcinoma (2 patients), 10/18 (66.6%) severe dysplasia was confirmed (3 patients). In 1 patient 2/18 (11.1%) samples were negative in frozen section. Presented analysis showed, that sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of white light was 79.5%, 20% and 71.1% respectively, while narrow-band imaging was 100%, 0.0% and 85.7%, respectively. Conclusion: The intraoperative use of narrow-band imaging proved to be valuable in the visualization of suspect areas of the mucosa. Narrow-band imaging confirms the suspicions undertaken in white light and importantly, it showed microlesions beyond the scope of white light