Quantum dense coding over Bloch channels

Dynamics of coded information over Bloch channels is investigated for different values of the channel's parameters. We show that, the suppressing of the travelling coded information over Bloch channel can be increased by decreasing the equilibrium absolute value of information carrier and consequently decreasing the distilled information by eavesdropper. The amount of decoded information can be improved by increasing the equilibrium values of the two qubits and decreasing the ratio between longitudinal and transverse relaxation times. The robustness of coded information in maximum and partial entangled states is discussed. It is shown that the maximum entangled states are more robust than the partial entangled state over this type of channels

On Superpotentials and Charge Algebras of Gauge Theories

We propose a new "Hamiltonian inspired" covariant formula to define (without harmful ambiguities) the superpotential and the physical charges associated to a gauge symmetry. The criterion requires the variation of the Noether current not to contain any derivative terms in \partial_{\mu}\delta \f. The examples of Yang-Mills (in its first order formulation) and 3-dimensional Chern-Simons theories are revisited and the corresponding charge algebras (with their central extensions in the Chern-Simons case) are computed in a straightforward way. We then generalize the previous results to any (2n+1)-dimensional non-abelian Chern-Simons theory for a particular choice of boundary conditions. We compute explicitly the superpotential associated to the non-abelian gauge symmetry which is nothing but the Chern-Simons Lagrangian in (2n-1) dimensions. The corresponding charge algebra is also computed. However, no associated central charge is found for $n \geq 2$. Finally, we treat the abelian p-form Chern-Simons theory in a similar way.Comment: 32 pages, LaTex. The proposal is restricted to first order theories. An appendix is added. Some references are adde

Concatenated Control Sequences based on Optimized Dynamic Decoupling

Two recent developments in quantum control, concatenation and optimization of pulse intervals, are combined to yield a strategy to suppress unwanted couplings in quantum systems to high order. Longitudinal relaxation and transverse dephasing can be suppressed so that systems with a small splitting between their energy levels can be kept isolated from their environment. The required number of pulses grows exponentially with the desired order but is only the square root of the number needed if only concatenation is used. An approximate scheme even brings the number down to polynomial growth. The approach is expected to be useful for quantum information and for high-precision nuclear magnetic resonance.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figure, slightly modified incl. new abstract and title; to appear in Phys. Rev. Let

Optimal parameter estimation of a depolarizing channel

We investigate strategies for estimating a depolarizing channel for a finite dimensional system. Our analysis addresses the double optimization problem of selecting the best input probe state and the measurement strategy that minimizes the Bayes cost of a quadratic function. In the qubit case, we derive the Bayes optimal strategy for any finite number of input probe particles when bipartite entanglement can be formed in the probe particles

The microlensing rate and distribution of free-floating planets towards the Galactic bulge

Ground-based optical microlensing surveys have provided tantalising, if inconclusive, evidence for a significant population of free-floating planets (FFPs). Both ground and space-based facilities are being used and developed which will be able to probe the distrubution of FFPs with much better sensitivity. It is vital also to develop a high-precision microlensing simulation framework to evaluate the completeness of such surveys. We present the first signal-to-noise limited calculations of the FFP microlensing rate using the Besancon Galactic model. The microlensing distribution towards the Galactic centre is simulated for wide-area ground-based optical surveys such as OGLE or MOA, a wide-area ground-based near-IR survey, and a targeted space-based near-IR survey which could be undertaken with Euclid or WFIRST. We present a calculation framework for the computation of the optical and near-infrared microlensing rate and optical depth for simulated stellar catalogues which are signal-to-noise limited, and take account of extinction, unresolved stellar background light and finite source size effects, which can be significant for FFPs. We find that the global ground-based I-band yield over a central 200 deg^2 region covering the Galactic centre ranges from 20 Earth-mass FFPs year^-1 up to 3,500 year^-1 for Jupiter FFPs in the limit of 100% detection efficiency, and almost an order of magnitude larger for a K-band survey. For ground-based surveys we find that the inclusion of finite source and the unresolved background reveals a mass-dependent variation in the spatial distribution of FFPs. For a space-based H-band covering 2 deg^2, the yield depends on the target field but maximizes close to the Galactic centre with around 76 Earth through to 1,700 Jupiter FFPs year^-1. For near-IR space-based surveys the spatial distribution of FFPs is found to be largely insensitive to the FFP mass scale.Comment: 14 pages, submitted to A&A and accepte

Photon number states generated from a continuous-wave light source

Conditional preparation of photon number states from a continuous-wave nondegenerate optical parametric oscillator is investigated. We derive the phase space Wigner function for the output state conditioned on photo detection events that are not necessarily simultaneous, and we maximize its overlap with the desired photon number state by choosing the optimal temporal output state mode function. We present a detailed numerical analysis for the case of two-photon state generation from a parametric oscillator driven with an arbitrary intensity below threshold, and in the low intensity limit, we present a formalism that yields the optimal output state mode function and fidelity for higher photon number states.Comment: 8 pages, 7 figures, v2: shortened versio

Conditional generation of sub-Poissonian light from two-mode squeezed vacuum via balanced homodyne detection on idler mode

A simple scheme for conditional generation of nonclassical light with sub-Poissonian photon-number statistics is proposed. The method utilizes entanglement of signal and idler modes in two-mode squeezed vacuum state generated in optical parametric amplifier. A quadrature component of the idler mode is measured in balanced homodyne detector and only those experimental runs where the absolute value of the measured quadrature is higher than certain threshold are accepted. If the threshold is large enough then the conditional output state of signal mode exhibits reduction of photon-number fluctuations below the coherent-state level.Comment: 7 pages, 6 figures, REVTe

ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERFERENCE (EMI) PRODUCED BY HIGH VOLTAGE TRANSMISSION LINES

Electromagnetic interference in high voltage transmission lines has been an interest topic due to its effect on human health, plants, electrical and telecommunication equipment. Extremely high voltages (EHV) in transmission lines are reasons of electrostatic effects, while short circuit currents and line loading currents are responsible for electromagnetic effects. The aim of this research is to analyze electromagnetic fields in high voltage transmission lines in theoretical study and calculating its level in overhead T. L and therefore estimated the EMI produced, by employing a mathematical model of 230 KV tower double circuit configurations of high voltage transmission lines. The calculation is based on computer aided analysis (CAA) by using fields and corona effects software (FACE). It's found that the overhead power lines of general frequency (50 Hz) generates a highly intense magnetic field, the electromagnetic fields depends on the distance from sources and the type of line configuration. They decrease as the distance increase from the tower and conductors and increase with a high current. The strength of an electric field is proportional to the voltage of the line and the magnetic field strength is proportional to the current in the high voltage transmission lines. Distribution line with a high current load may produce a magnetic field that is as high as those produced by some high voltage transmission lines.  Some techniques of reduction of the effects of electromagnetic interference have suggested such as rearrangement conductors of transmission line, and distance from phase conductor and grounding system. The study recommended to keep safety distance operation in high voltage transmission lines with the necessity for engineer to take into account the effect of electromagnetic interference in the design stage of high voltage transmission power system, and to avoid any addition cost may be occur due to neglected effects of electromagnetic interference that produces by high voltage transmission line