Les plantes médicinales dans la forêt de l'Achach (Plateau Central, Maroc)

Les plantes médicinales dans la forêt de l'Achach (Plateau Central, Maroc . La présente étude est une contribution à la connaissance des plantes médicinales de la forêt de l'Achach (Plateau central. Maroc). L'étude de la flore médicinale a permis de déceler que parmi les 269 espèces récoltées dans la forêt de l'Achach, 126 espèces appartenant à 56 familles (soit 91,8% du total des familles régionales) et 105 genres (soit 58 % du total des genres régionaux) sont réputées médicinales, soit 46,84 % de la flore régionale totale. Cette étude pourrait avoir une grande valeur bibliographique pour des études ultérieures concernant d'autres régions marocaines et pourra contribuer à l'étude approfondie d'une flore médicinale marocaine mal connue

Viticulture in the tropical regions of India

By an intelligent appreciation of the vine's physiology grapes are being grown successfully in the tropical regions of India, where the vine stays evergreen throughout the year. The vines are pruned twice a year, once in April for vegetative growth and again in October for the fruiting cycle. The canes which bear the fruit al·e less than one year old. But, since the growth is continuous and rapid, the canes are equivalent in development differentiation to one-year-old canes of the warm temperate and sub-tropical grape growing regions.The ever present over-abundant crop potential of the vine has been exploited by separating out the period of maturity of fruit and maturity of the wood for the next crop. The yields are very high as the depressive effects of high crops are eliminated by 1back or foundation' pruning in April and by heavy doses of fertilizers and manures at the time of pruning.The growers have been able to harvest grapes almost the year round of the 'Bangalore Blue' (V. labrusca type) by staggering the pruning. In the V. vinifera types, the grape season is also extended, within limits, by adjusting the pruning time.Because of shorter period in which the vines come into bearing, ready germination of seeds and the year round availability of flowers, this area is ideal for breeding and genetic studies.As has been shown by the successful grape cultivation in the tropical regions of India, it seems probable that some grapes will do equally well in other tropical regions of the world where the climatological conditions are similar

Beloved Daughters and Liberated Mothers: Duty and Rebellion in Three Indian Novels

This study investigates how three Indian women novelists—Toru Dutt, Krupabai Satthianadhan, and Kamala Markandaya contributed to the discourse on women’s rights and position in society in the nineteenth century and into the mid-twentieth century. From the mid-nineteenth century on, “woman” became the site of resistance against the British by Indian nationalists. Based on “traditional” ideas of women’s place in the household, as keepers of tradition and values, and as insulated from foreign influence outside the home, nationalists promoted a mythic ideal of womanhood as being synonymous with nation, of “Bharat Mata,” of women as virtuous mothers, in order to resist the British charge that Indians were depraved and inferior. The British on their end, in their “civilizing” mission, sought to legislate women’s reform, to end such practices as child marriage and sati as a moral justification for their rule. Indian women were spoken of and spoken for. My initial investigation into Indian women’s literature in nineteenth century India proved that women were not always silent observers and recipients of male dominated discourse. Although history has largely forgotten the writers I study in this thesis, they did contribute to the debate concerning women’s rights in the nineteenth and in Markandaya’s case, mid-twentieth century India. Although separated by varying demands such as regional affiliation, religion, and identification with the colonizer, each struggled with the notion of independence for women. Additionally, all three writers wrote in English which gave them an audience in the English reading Indian elite as well as in the British public. This afforded them the opportunity to be in the midst of the debate and not marginalized because of their sex and choice of language. English offered a certain status. The most compelling questions I sought to answer in this thesis were, how do these Indian female writers resolve the conflict between individual desires and a society which seeks to oppress women for varying reasons? How are nationalist ideals of womanhood coopted and extended by these women writers? How can women express a will to self while remaining within a social structure that holds antithetical beliefs towards self-hood, especially if that self is female? My conclusions were that the heroines in these novels do not seek to break away from their ties to their social group, be it their families or their community. Rather, they find fulfillment or resolution, through the socially acceptable female role of motherhood which is complicit with the nationalist idea of mothers as leaders and nurturers of the Indian nation. Motherhood is recast by these writers as a role in which women can receive physical and emotional sustenance. It becomes a space for women to define their own relationships without first having to define themselves in relation to a man and therefore offers the opportunity for self-definition

Les plantes médicitzales dans la forét de l'Achach (Plateau Central, Maroc).

RÉSUMÉ. Les plantes médicitzales dans la forét de l'Achach (Plateau Central, Maroc . La presente étude est une contribution á la connaissance des plantes medicinales de la forét de l'Achach (Plateau central. Maroc). L'étude de la flore médicinale a permis de déceler que parmi les 269 espéces récoltées dans la foret de l'Achach, 126 espéces appartenant á 56 families (soit 91,8% du total des familles regionales) et 105 genres (soit 58% du total des genres régionaux) sont réputées medicinales, suit 46,84 % de la flore régionale totale. Cene etude pourrait avoir une grande valeur bibliographique pour des études ultérieures concernant d'autres régions marocaines et pourra contribuer á l'elude approfondie d'une flore médicinale marocaine mal connue.Mots eles. Plantes medicinales, for'ét de l'Achach, Plateau Central, Maroc.RESUMEN. Plantas medicinales del bosque del Achach (Plateau Central, Marruecos). El presente estudio es una contribución al conocimiento de las plantas medicinales del bosque de l'Achach (Plateau Central, Marruecos). El estudio de la flora medicinal ha puesto de manifiesto que, de entre las 269 especies recolectadas en el bosque del Achach, 126 especies pertenecen a 56 familias (es decir, el 91,8% del total de las familias regionales) y 105 géneros (o sea, el 58% del total de géneros regionales) son catalogadas como medicinales, es decir, el 46,84% de la flora regional total. Este estudio podría tener un gran valor bibliográfico para estudios posteriores concerniente a otras regiones marroquíes y podría contribuir al estudio profundo de una flora medicinal marroquí mal conocida.Palabras clave. Plantas medicinales, bosque del Achach, Plateau Central, Marruecos

Contribution à la connaissance de la flore vasculaire de la fôret de l'achach, plateau central (Maroc)

RÉSUMÉ. L’analyse de la diversité floristique de la forêt de l’Achach a révélé l’existence de 269 taxons appartenant à 61 familles et 181 genres. 7 espèces sont endémiques du territoire Maroc-Algérie, six espèces endémiques du territoire Maroc-Péninsule ibérique et deux espèces endémiques du territoire Maroc- Algérie- Tunisie. Trois espèces sont menacées, trois espèces rares et deux espèces soupçonnées rares.Mots clés: Forêt de l’Achach (Plateau central), Maroc, flore.RESUMEN. El análisis de la diversidad florística del bosque de l’ Achach revela la presencia de 269 taxa pertenecientes a 61 familias y 181 géneros. 7 especies son endémicas de Marruecos-Algeria, seis de Marruecos-Península Ibérica y dos de Marruecos-Algeria-Tunez. Tres especies se encuentran amenazadas, tres son raras y dos dudosamente raras.Palabras clave. Bosque de l’Achach, Marruecos, flora

Les plantes médicitzales dans la forét de l'Achach (Plateau Central, Maroc).

RÉSUMÉ. Les plantes médicitzales dans la forét de l'Achach (Plateau Central, Maroc . La presente étude est une contribution á la connaissance des plantes medicinales de la forét de l'Achach (Plateau central. Maroc). L'étude de la flore médicinale a permis de déceler que parmi les 269 espéces récoltées dans la foret de l'Achach, 126 espéces appartenant á 56 families (soit 91,8% du total des familles regionales) et 105 genres (soit 58% du total des genres régionaux) sont réputées medicinales, suit 46,84 % de la flore régionale totale. Cene etude pourrait avoir une grande valeur bibliographique pour des études ultérieures concernant d'autres régions marocaines et pourra contribuer á l'elude approfondie d'une flore médicinale marocaine mal connue.Mots eles. Plantes medicinales, for'ét de l'Achach, Plateau Central, Maroc.RESUMEN. Plantas medicinales del bosque del Achach (Plateau Central, Marruecos). El presente estudio es una contribución al conocimiento de las plantas medicinales del bosque de l'Achach (Plateau Central, Marruecos). El estudio de la flora medicinal ha puesto de manifiesto que, de entre las 269 especies recolectadas en el bosque del Achach, 126 especies pertenecen a 56 familias (es decir, el 91,8% del total de las familias regionales) y 105 géneros (o sea, el 58% del total de géneros regionales) son catalogadas como medicinales, es decir, el 46,84% de la flora regional total. Este estudio podría tener un gran valor bibliográfico para estudios posteriores concerniente a otras regiones marroquíes y podría contribuir al estudio profundo de una flora medicinal marroquí mal conocida.Palabras clave. Plantas medicinales, bosque del Achach, Plateau Central, Marruecos

Software performance estimation strategies in a system-level design tool

High-level cost and performance estimation, coupled with a fast hardware/software co-simulation framework, is a key enabler to a fast embedded system design cycle. Unfortunately, the problem of deriving such estimates without a detailed implementation available is difficult.In this paper we describe two approaches to solve software cost and performance estimation problem, and how they are used in an embedded system design environment. A source-based approach uses compilation onto a virtual instruction set, and allows one to quickly obtain estimates without the need for a compiler for the target processor. An object-based approach translates the assembler generated by the target compiler to “assembler-level,” functionally equivalent t C. In both cases the code is annotated with timing and other execution related information (e.g., estimated memory accesses) and is used as a precise, yet fast, software simulation model. We contrast the precision and speed of these two techniques comparing them with those obtainable by a state-of-the-art cycle-based processor model

Land use planning: An optimizing model

An optimizing model for comprehensive land use planning (OPTPLAN) is described. Multiple objectives and constraints on desired growth patterns are considered simultaneously in arriving at optimal acreages of ten land use types in several regions within a county or city. Objectives are (i) minimization of conflict between different land uses, (ii) minimization of travel distance of new trips to the existing transportation network, (iii) generation of a fiscally sound plan, and (iv) minimization of environmental impact. Constraints are on each type of land use based on population and employment projections, projected mix of residential dwelling units, local commercial and institutional land needed per thousand persons, location and extent of new industries, open space requirements per thousand population, and natural resource considerations. Application of the model to Du Page County, Illinois is shown.

Urban planning to minimize environmental impact

An optimizing land-use planning model (OPTPLAN) is used to minimize environmental impact. The development of the natural-resource objective function and natural-resource constraints is described. Application of the model to DuPage County, Illinois is shown. The model's output is transferred to maps and compared with a land-use plan obtained through conventional natural-resource methodology.