Callus Induction and Plant Regeneration of Brachiaria Grass from Immature Inflorescence Explants

This research was aimed to optimize concentration of phytohormone in callus induction and in vitro regeneration of three species of Brachiaria grass plant, namely Brachiaria brizantha, B. decumbens, and B. ruziziensis. Immature inflorescences were used as explant material. To induce callus, explants were inoculated into Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium supplemented with phytohormone combination of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), dicamba and kinetin. Observation of callus induction included percentage of callus formation and callus morphology. The embryogenic calli were then transferred into regeneration media, i.e. MS basal medium supplemented with kinetin and 6-benzylaminopurin (BAP). The result showed that 4 mg/L 2,4-D + 0.2 mg/L kinetin showed highest callus induction in B. brizantha and B. decumbens, namely  76%  and 88% respectively. Whereas in B. ruziziensis, 3 mg/L 2,4-D + 0.2 mg/L kinetin showed highest callus induction, namely 86%. MS medium supplemented with 4 mg/L kinetin showed highest regeneration in all three grass species, namely 92.5% in both B. brizantha and B. ruziziensis, and 88.75% in B. decumbens

The Effect of Variety and Harvesting Time of Sorghum Planted in Stylosanthes Pasture on Growth, Production and Prussic Acid Content

This research was aimed to determine the growth, production and prussic acid content of sorghum variety that planted on stylosanthes pasture with different harvesting time. This research was done using split-plot design with three replications which sorghum variety (brown midrib resistance (BMR) and Super-2) as the main plot and harvesting time (6, 8 and 10 weeks) as the sub plot. The sorghum seeds were germinated for 12 days before planted on the 30 days stylosanthes pasture which was planted with planting space 25 x 25 cm. Sorghum was planted with planting space 75 x 25 cm. The variables observed were plants height, dry and organic matter production and prussic acid. Data obtained were analyzed statistically using analysis of variance and significantly different between means were tested with Duncan's New Multiple Range Test  (DMRT). Sorghum BMR had plant height, dry and organic matter production higher (P<0.05) than Super-2. Prussic acid content of BMR was lower (P<0.05) than Super-2. The older harvesting time increase (P<0.05) plant height, dry matter and organic production, but reduced (P<0.05) prussic acid content from 727.34 mg/kg to 241.71 mg/kg. Based on the results it can be concluded that the oldest harvesting time (10 weeks) produced the highest dry and organic matter, and reduce prussic acid content. Sorghum BMR is more productive and grew faster than Super-2. Sorghum BMR that harvested in 10-week shows the best in growth and productivity also had lower prussic acid content

Carrying Capacity Estimation of Herbicide-Treated and Untreated Palm Oil Plantation for Bali Cows

This study aims to estimate the carrying capacity of oil palm plantations with the use of herbicides based on the forage availability for Bali cows. The research was performed in palm oil plantation owned by PTPN V Riau, from March 2016 until March 2017. The parameters observed were 1) Forage production that grows between palm trees at 6 weeks cutting age. The forage sample was taken from 5 point of 1x1m2, then subjected to proximate analysis. Data were analyzed with one-way random design, 2) Forage consumption; obtained by observation of 5 pregnant Bali cow and 7 non-pregnant for seven consecutive days 3). Estimated carrying capacity for Bali cows, obtained from the calculation of forage production (/ha/year) divided by forage consumption. The result of the research showed that 1). The production of dry matter (DM) forage in herbicide-treated areas was 689.55 kg/ha/year, not significantly different compared to untreated areas (622.33 kg/ha/year). Crude protein (CP) forage content of forage obtained from herbicide-treated area was significantly higher (p<0.05) than untreated area, whereas the total content of DM and total digestible nutrients (TDN) was not significantly different. DM consumption of pregnant Bali cow was on average 3.68±0.29 kg/head/day or 1,343.20±105.85 kg/head/year and non-pregnant 4.02±0.36 kg/head/day or 1,467.30±131.4 kg/head/year. The estimated carrying capacity on herbicide-treated (0.51 head of pregnant cow/ha), did not show any significant difference compared to untreated area (0.46 head/ha). For non-pregnant, the carrying capacity of herbicide-treated area (0.47 head/ha) was not different with non-treated area (0.42 head/ha). It was concluded that the use of herbicide on palm oil plantation had no effect on the carrying capacity of the Bali cow

Effect of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on Yield and Quality of Synedrella nodiflora (Tropical Weed)

This study aimed to determine the effect of organic and inorganic fertilizers on the cultivation of tropical weed Synedrella nodiflora as forage. The study was conducted from May to July 2018. The treatments of the research were control (C), organic fertilizer (D) and organic fertilizer + urea (DU), with 3 replications that were arranged on experimental design with a completely randomized design, in a unidirectional pattern and continued with least significant different (LSD). Organic fertilizer dosage in this study was 5 tons/ha, while urea fertilizer was 350 kg/ha, with plant spacing was 45x60 cm. The observed parameters were plant height, forage production and chemical composition (5 weeks after planting). Plant height of C, D and DU were 41.59, 47,42, and 50.59 cm respectively. Forage production of dry matter after 5 weeks planting at C, D and DU were 1.69, 1.70 and 2.91ton/ha, with in vitro digestibility values ranging from 51.68 to 57.70% (IVDMD) and 51.71 to 61.98% (OMD) respectively. The chemical composition of native S. Nodiflora were 12.32% of dry matter (DM), 62.45% TDN count for cattle and 67.42% TDN count for sheep. Based on DM, The organic matter was 84.46%, crude protein 20,11%, crude fiber 13.26%, extract ether 7.77%, and nitrogen free extract 37.08%. The combination of organic fertilizer and urea increased the height and fresh and dry matter production S. nodiflora

Productivity of Forages in Grassland Merapi Post-Eruption Area, Sleman, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

This research aimed to investigate the productivity and quality of forages (including dry matter, organic matter, crude fiber, crude protein, and extract ether) in the area of Kali Kuning and Krasak River. This area was affected by Mount Merapi Eruption on 2010. The data were taken from the area around the river due to the area was found to be firstly revegetated after the eruption. The Forage classified as grass, legume and forbs. The method applied in the research was Line Intercept method which was done by seeing the botanical composition there and was performed at several observation points. The forage was taken as the sample and then calculated its production and proximately analyzed to determine its chemical composition. The results showed that around the river, the widest cover area in 2013 and 2014 was Brachiariabrizantha grasses. The largest dry matter production in 2013 was Pennisetumpurpuphoides as much as 165.57 g m–2, while in 2014 the largest production of DM was Brachiariabrizantha as much as 190.37 g m–2. Frobs with another type of weed also spread in this area. The Quality of forages around Krasak River increased in 2014 due to the addition of organic matter contained in the soil and the minerals weathering from year to year

Degradasi in sacco bahan organik dan protein kasar empat macam bahan pakan diukur menggunaikan kantong inra dan rowett RESEARCH INSTITUTE

In order to evaluate the differences between INRA and Rowett nylon bag in organic matter and crude protein in sacco degradation of king grass, peanut straw, rice bran and copra meal, 4 ruminal fistulated non lactating Friesian Holstein Crossbreed cows were used in this experiment. Rowett nylon bag was made from nylon filter cloth HS013 of 12 um porosity and INRA nylon bag was made from Indonesian polyester nylon cloth of ±46tim porosity. Incubation times for the pairs of bag types (INRA and Rowett) were 2, 4, 8, 16, 24 and 48 hours. Organic matter (OM) and crude protein (CP) disappearances in each incubation time were used to determine the soluble fraction (a), the insoluble but rumen degradable fraction (b) and the-,rte of degradation of rumen degradable fraction (c) by using an exponential model: a+b (1-e /) and theoritical degradation (Dt) was calculated using a formula Dt = a+ t(bc)/(c+0.06)}. The differences between 1NRA and Rowett nylon bag were analysed statistically using Student t test. The disappearances of OM an CP in the both types of bag increased with times of incubation. The values of a, b and c of OM and CP for 4 kinds of feedstuff were not significantly different between INRA and Rowett bag, except in c value of king grass OM for INRA bag (5.74%/hour) was significantly higher (P... Kata kunci: Degaradasi in sacco, bahan organik, protein kasar, tipe kantong nilon, pakan hijauan, pakan konsentra

Pengembangan Sistem Pertanian Siklus-Bio Terpadu untuk Peningkatan Produktivitas Ternak Sapi pada Kelompok Ternak Desa Margoagung, Sayegan, Sleman, Yogyakarta

Integrated Bio-Cycle Farming System was developed by KP4 University Farm UGM Yogyakarta should be implemented to the communities. The community service for implementation of science and technology starting with an MOU between KP4 and the government of Margoagung village, especially Farmer Group RUKUN, Margoagung, Seyegan, Sleman that requiring transferred technology. Community service programs and assistance through the transfer of integrated bio-cycle farming system were done through development of burgers feed technology for cows, solid fertilizer, liquid fertilizer, and waste treatment technology for biogas. This activity also involves 22 students from various faculties at UGM for 2 months in the field. The technology is transferred directly by experts from GMU and directly accompanied intensively by student. Enthusiastic, productivity, quantity, quality and continuity of integrated farming were very important for a better life and environment.