2,538 research outputs found
One Federalism and the Judicial Role: Enforcing the Limits of Article I
Part I of this Note offers a brief account of the two main theories of
federalism protection: the political safeguards (or process federalism) and
judicial review. Part II then suggests a dual-safeguards approach as the single
constitutionally grounded theory, and proceeds to situate the procedural
safeguards and, importantly, judicial review, in the history, text, and structure
of the Constitution. Next, delving into the Court’s New Federalism line of
decisions, Part III analyzes the implications for these two constitutionally
grounded safeguards to deduce the proper framework for their respective
applications. It suggests that while political safeguards may be conceived in
terms of state sovereignty, the Court should frame its analysis in terms of
constitutional limits on federal power. Furthermore, Part III demonstrates
that judicially imposed limits on constitutionally enumerated powers offer a
workable, and desirable, framework in practice. Part IV then explains why
such a framework matters and defends state sovereignty as an end worthy of
it all
Casimir Energy and Entropy between perfect metal Spheres
We calculate the Casimir energy and entropy for two perfect metal spheres in
the large and short separation limit. We obtain nonmonotonic behavior of the
Helmholtz free energy with separation and temperature, leading to parameter
ranges with negative entropy, and also nonmonotonic behavior of the entropy
with temperature and with the separation between the spheres. The appearance of
this anomalous behavior of the entropy is discussed as well as its
thermodynamic consequences.Comment: 10 pages and 8 figures. Accepted for publication in the Proceedings
of the tenth conference on Quantum Field Theory under the influence of
external conditions - QFEXT'1
Design of one-dimensional Lambertian diffusers of light
We describe a method for designing a one-dimensional random surface that acts
as a Lambertian diffuser. The method is tested by means of rigorous computer
simulations and is shown to yield the desired scattering pattern.Comment: 6 pages, 2 figure
Age differences between children and young adults in the dynamics of dual-task prioritization : Body (balance) versus mind (memory)
The Generation of Successive Unmarked Mutations and Chromosomal Insertion of Heterologous Genes in Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae Using Natural Transformation
We have developed a simple method of generating scarless, unmarked mutations in Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae by exploiting the ability of this bacterium to undergo natural transformation, and with no need to introduce plasmids encoding recombinases or resolvases. This method involves two successive rounds of natural transformation using linear DNA: the first introduces a cassette carrying cat (which allows selection by chloramphenicol) and sacB (which allows counter-selection using sucrose) flanked by sequences to either side of the target gene; the second transformation utilises the flanking sequences ligated directly to each other in order to remove the cat-sacB cassette. In order to ensure efficient uptake of the target DNA during transformation, A. pleuropneumoniae uptake sequences are added into the constructs used in both rounds of transformation. This method can be used to generate multiple successive deletions and can also be used to introduce targeted point mutations or insertions of heterologous genes into the A. pleuropneumoniae chromosome for development of live attenuated vaccine strains. So far, we have applied this method to highly transformable isolates of serovars 8 (MIDG2331), which is the most prevalent in the UK, and 15 (HS143). By screening clinical isolates of other serovars, it should be possible to identify other amenable strains
Fractal Weyl law behavior in an open, chaotic Hamiltonian system
We numerically show fractal Weyl law behavior in an open Hamiltonian system
that is described by a smooth potential and which supports numerous
above-barrier resonances. This behavior holds even relatively far away from the
classical limit. The complex resonance wave functions are found to be localized
on the fractal classical repeller.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures. to appear in Phys Rev
Attractive Casimir Forces in a Closed Geometry
We study the Casimir force acting on a conducting piston with arbitrary cross
section. We find the exact solution for a rectangular cross section and the
first three terms in the asymptotic expansion for small height to width ratio
when the cross section is arbitrary. Though weakened by the presence of the
walls, the Casimir force turns out to be always attractive. Claims of repulsive
Casimir forces for related configurations, like the cube, are invalidated by
cutoff dependence.Comment: An updated version to coincide with the one published December 2005
in PRL. 4 pages, 2 figure
Nonperiodic Orbit Sums in Weyl's Expansion for Billiards
Weyl's expansion for the asymptotic mode density of billiards consists of the
area, length, curvature and corner terms. The area term has been associated
with the so-called zero-length orbits. Here closed nonperiodic paths
corresponding to the length and corner terms are constructed.Comment: 8 pages, 2 figure
Discrete Symmetries in the Weyl Expansion for Quantum Billiards
We consider two and three-dimensional quantum billiards with discrete
symmetries. We derive the first terms of the Weyl expansion for the level
density projected onto the irreducible representations of the symmetry group.
As an illustration the method is applied to the icosahedral billiard. The paper
was published in J. Phys. A /27/ (1994) 4317-4323Comment: 8 printed pages Latex fil
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