Machine Learning to Improve the Sensing of Biomolecules by Conical Track-Etched Nanopore

International audienceSingle nanopore is a powerful platform to detect, discriminate and identify biomacromolecules. Among the different devices, the conical nanopores obtained by the track-etched technique on a polymer film are stable and easy to functionalize. However, these advantages are hampered by their high aspect ratio that avoids the discrimination of similar samples. Using machine learning, we demonstrate an improved resolution so that it can identify short single-and double-stranded DNA (10-and 40-mers). We have characterized each current blockade event by the relative intensity, dwell time, surface area and both the right and left slope. We show an overlap of the relative current blockade amplitudes and dwell time distributions that prevents their identification. We define the different parameters that characterize the events as features and the type of DNA sample as the target. By applying support-vector machines to discriminate each sample, we show accuracy between 50% and 72% by using two features that distinctly classify the data points. Finally, we achieved an increased accuracy (up to 82%) when five features were implemented

Detection of short ssDNA and dsDNA by current-voltage measurements using conical nanopores coated with Al2O3 by atomic layer deposition

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SIGLEAvailable from INIST (FR), Document Supply Service, under shelf-number : RL 263 / INIST-CNRS - Institut de l'Information Scientifique et TechniqueFRFranc

Excavation and Study of Skeletal Remains from a World War I Mass Grave

This study presents the excavation and multidisciplinary analysis of seven skeletons recovered in a World War I Mass Grave on the mountains of the Veneto Region, Italy. While it is not a rare phenomenon to these mountainous areas involved in the First Conflict, it is exceptional, on these mountains, to find a mass grave with soldiers in primary burials. Stratigraphic excavation was the mean used for recovery, along with 3D laser scanning documentation. Every skeleton but one was found complete and in anatomical connection. Four soldiers lay in the prone position; two subjects were lying on their side. Identification of the nationality was performed for two of the subjects, who both of whom had personal effects such as a badge for military vaccinations and religious medals. What remained of their uniforms gave clues about their Italian nationality. The entomological analysis conducted on fly puparia discovered close to the bones revealed that the bodies had not been buried immediately. The skeletons were biologically profiled by sex, age, height and ancestry. An accurate study of pathology and stress markers was carried on, as well as on skeletal trauma in order to establish the type of trauma and ammunition involved. The remains belonged altogether to seven Italian male soldiers ages between 18 and 35. Various kinds of stress markers revealed occupational (enthesopathies) and metabolic stress: several signs of cribra cranii and of cribra orbitalia were registered. The study of the injuries revealed a surprising variety of types of lesions, mostly lethal: a few subjects were struck by a shrapnel grenade; one soldier was killed by a grenade explosion. Two of the soldiers were probably executed, instead: this conclusion reached on the basis of gunshot holes (9 mm) in their skulls, and by the position of the injurie

New pigments based on carminic acid and smectites: A molecular investigation

International audienceHybrid materials based on montmorillonite, a cationic polymer and carminic acid were prepared. The surface charge of montmorillonite was inversed thanks to the cationic polymer, polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride. Samples were characterized by a set of different techniques including Infrared (IR) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopies to highlight the nature of the interactions between the organic and inorganic parts. The photo-stability of the samples was tested for different durations, and L*a*b* parameters were measured. It was possible to propose an approach for the degradation mechanism of the supported dye thanks to EPR (electron paramagnetic resonance) spectroscopy. The experimental data were in agreement with the theoretical periodic DFT calculations where a molecular scheme of the adsorption complex was proposed, and the importance of hydration on the stability of the adsorption complex highlighted

Post-Heroic Warfare and Ghosts: The Social Control of Dead American Soldiers in Iraq

According to some researchers, the public acceptance of military intervention is conditional upon the minimization of military mortality. Once a threshold of military death is crossed, political leaders are obliged to limit their ambitions. This research proposes to consider the idea of threshold as mythical. Instead, it suggests focusing at the presence of the ghosts the dead American soldiers in the public sphere and the way they are ``ventriloquated'' in order to support or contest the intervention.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe