Application of parabolic cracks in determining handedness in archaeological remains. The case study of the Axlor site (Bizkaia, Iberian Peninsula)

[EN] Lithic artefacts are a potential source of information for the study of handedness in different human species. In flint flakes, a system of fractures is developed (parabolic cracks) around the point of percussion in connection with the cone of percussion and the conical fracture of the flint. The orientation of these fractures is linked to the direction of percussion, and therefore to the knapper's handedness. The archaeological remains from Levels III, IV, V and VI at Axlor (Bizkaia, Iberian Peninsula) are studied here in order to determine how well parabolic cracks are preserved in archaeological remains, and whether it is possible to study them if the remains are covered with a patina or damaged.This work was supported by the Basque Government under Grant Number POS_2019_1_0004; The Spanish Ministry of Science Project, Grant/Award Number: HAR2017-82493-C3-1-P; The Consolidated Research Group in Prehistory of the Basque Country University, Grant/Award Number: IT-1223-19

Sistema urbano de drenaje sostenible como alternativa al drenaje pluvial urbano del sector Miraflores – Castilla 2020

Uno de los grandes problemas urbanos existentes que afronta el Distrito de Castilla en la actualidad es el manejo, control y gestión de la escorrentía urbana, debido a las deficiencias que presenta el sistema de drenaje pluvial. Por tal motivo, el objetivo de la investigación fue determinar el sistema urbano de drenaje sostenible como alternativa al drenaje pluvial urbano del sector Miraflores – Castilla, la investigación se desarrolló desde un enfoque cualitativo, de tipo aplicada y diseño no experimental, los participantes fueron los Arquitectos Urbanistas de Piura y el gerente de Desarrollo Urbano de la Municipalidad Distrital de Castilla durante el año 2020. Se aplicó las técnicas de la entrevista, el registro fotográfico y el análisis de documentos. Los resultados evidenciaron que el sector Miraflores – Castilla carece de un sistema de drenaje continuo e integral y que la falta de mantenimiento ocasiona deficiencias en su funcionamiento. Por ello se buscó alternativas de drenaje sostenible y se determinó que según las características físicas del sector Miraflores, se pueden implementar diversos sistemas urbanos de drenaje sostenible como pavimentos permeables en las calles de poco flujo vehicular, parques inundables en zonas de recreación pasiva, estanques de retención en el parque Quiñones y franjas filtrantes en las áreas de jardinería

Gravity or turbulence? -III. Evidence of pure thermal Jeans fragmentation at ~0.1 pc scale

We combine previously published interferometric and single-dish data of relatively nearby massive dense cores that are actively forming stars to test whether their `fragmentation level' is controlled by turbulent or thermal support. We find no clear correlation between the fragmentation level and velocity dispersion, nor between the observed number of fragments and the number of fragments expected when the gravitationally unstable mass is calculated including various prescriptions for `turbulent support'. On the other hand, the best correlation is found for the case of pure thermal Jeans fragmentation, for which we infer a core formation efficiency around 13 per cent, consistent with previous works. We conclude that the dominant factor determining the fragmentation level of star-forming massive dense cores at 0.1 pc scale seems to be thermal Jeans fragmentation.Comment: accepted in MNRA

A Great Step Forward. Lithic Raw Material Procurement and Management among Palaeolithic Hunter-Gatherers in the Basque Crossroads

This paper is divided into three sections. The first section describes the historiographic evolution of the study of prehistoric lithic raw materials in the Basque Crossroads (in the north of the Iberian Peninsula) during the last three decades. The second section explains the currently available information about geological outcrops of flint in the eastern end of the Cantabrian Mountain range (the Basque-Cantabrian Basin), the upper Ebro valley and both sides of the western Pyrenees, in the central part of the northern Iberian Peninsula, as that was the main raw material used by hunter-gatherer groups in the Middle and Upper Palaeolithic. Finally, the last section describes the way in which progress in both aspects of research have enabled the introduction of new concepts and perspectives in the reconstruction of the social and economic dynamics of Palaeolithic hunter-gatherers. This has given rise to an innovative methodology that is able to address and solve important issues, particularly regarding mobility and territoriality patterns of those human groups, allowing the proposal of mobility and territoriality models that, while they will not match exactly the systems used by Upper Palaeolithic communities, represent significant progress in understanding the social and economic dynamics of hunter-gatherer groups

Efectos de la fertilización en la productividad de una pastura de <i>Brachiaria humidicola</i> cv. Llanero en el Piedemonte de los Llanos Orientales de Colombia

En una pastura de Brachiaria humidicola cv. Llanero no degradada, manejada con una fertilización de mantenimiento bianual durante 15 años, ubicada en un Oxisol ácido y de baja fertilidad en el Piedemonte llanero de Colombia, se evaluaron 3 tratamientos de fertilización: T1 - sin fertilización (testigo); T2 - fertilización básica (kg/ha: P 20, Ca 18, Mg 20, K 18 y N 18); y T3 - fertilización básica+urea (kg/ha: P 20, Ca 18, Mg 20, K 18 y N 110). Cada tratamiento estuvo compuesto por 4 potreros de 0.8 ha donde pastaron en forma secuencial grupos de toretes Cebú Brahman, con un período de ocupación de 7 días y un período de descanso de 21 días. Tanto en época lluviosa como seca la producción de forraje durante cada descanso fue más alta en T3 (1,540 y 940 kg MS/ha, respectivamente) que en T2 (979 y 665 kg MS/ha) y T1 (958 y 613 kg MS/ha). La fertilización básica+urea también aumentó la concentración de PC en el forraje en época lluviosa (9.9%, en comparación con 8.4 y 8.1% en T2 y T1, respectivamente). En 250 días de pastoreo del experimento, incluyendo 173 días de época lluviosa y 77 días de época seca, la producción de peso vivo por hectárea fue de 317, 599 y 870 kg/ha para T1, T2 y T3, respectivamente; las ganancias de peso vivo por animal y día fueron, en el mismo orden, 589, 782 y 878 g/an/día en la época lluviosa y 379, 642 y 721 g/an/día en la época seca. En términos económicos, T3 (fertilización básica+urea) representó un ingreso neto adicional de US$658/ha respecto al testigo y de US$ 349 respecto a T2. Mientras que el estudio presenta evidencia del potencial de la fertilización, sobre todo nitrogenada, de pasturas para la intensificación de la producción ganadera en la región, se requieren experimentos a largo plazo para confirmar la sostenibilidad de estos sistemas

COVCOG 1: Factors Predicting Physical, Neurological and Cognitive Symptoms in Long COVID in a Community Sample. A First Publication From the COVID and Cognition Study

Since its first emergence in December 2019, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has evolved into a global pandemic. Whilst often considered a respiratory disease, a large proportion of COVID-19 patients report neurological symptoms, and there is accumulating evidence for neural damage in some individuals, with recent studies suggesting loss of gray matter in multiple regions, particularly in the left hemisphere. There are a number of mechanisms by which COVID-19 infection may lead to neurological symptoms and structural and functional changes in the brain, and it is reasonable to expect that many of these may translate into cognitive problems. Indeed, cognitive problems are one of the most commonly reported symptoms in those experiencing “Long COVID”—the chronic illness following COVID-19 infection that affects between 10 and 25% of patients. The COVID and Cognition Study is a part cross-sectional, part longitudinal, study documenting and aiming to understand the cognitive problems in Long COVID. In this first paper from the study, we document the characteristics of our sample of 181 individuals who had experienced COVID-19 infection, and 185 who had not. We explore which factors may be predictive of ongoing symptoms and their severity, as well as conducting an in-depth analysis of symptom profiles. Finally, we explore which factors predict the presence and severity of cognitive symptoms, both throughout the ongoing illness and at the time of testing. The main finding from this first analysis is that that severity of initial illness is a significant predictor of the presence and severity of ongoing symptoms, and that some symptoms during the initial illness—particularly limb weakness—may be more common in those that have more severe ongoing symptoms. Symptom profiles can be well described in terms of 5 or 6 factors, reflecting the variety of this highly heterogenous condition experienced by the individual. Specifically, we found that neurological/psychiatric and fatigue/mixed symptoms during the initial illness, and that neurological, gastrointestinal, and cardiopulmonary/fatigue symptoms during the ongoing illness, predicted experience of cognitive symptoms.</jats:p

Marine Biodiversity in Juan Fernández and Desventuradas Islands, Chile: Global Endemism Hotspots

22 páginas, 6 tablas, 5 figurasThe Juan Fernández and Desventuradas islands are among the few oceanic islands belonging to Chile. They possess a unique mix of tropical, subtropical, and temperate marine species, and although close to continental South America, elements of the biota have greater affinities with the central and south Pacific owing to the Humboldt Current, which creates a strong biogeographic barrier between these islands and the continent. The Juan Fernández Archipelago has ~700 people, with the major industry being the fishery for the endemic lobster, Jasus frontalis. The Desventuradas Islands are uninhabited except for a small Chilean military garrison on San Félix Island. We compared the marine biodiversity of these islands across multiple taxonomic groups. At San Ambrosio Island (SA), in Desventuradas, the laminarian kelp (Eisenia cokeri), which is limited to Desventuradas in Chile, accounted for >50% of the benthic cover at wave exposed areas, while more sheltered sites were dominated by sea urchin barrens. The benthos at Robinson Crusoe Island (RC), in the Juan Fernández Archipelago, comprised a diverse mix of macroalgae and invertebrates, a number of which are endemic to the region. The biomass of commercially targeted fishes was >2 times higher in remote sites around RC compared to sheltered locations closest to port, and overall biomass was 35% higher around SA compared to RC, likely reflecting fishing effects around RC. The number of endemic fish species was extremely high at both islands, with 87.5% of the species surveyed at RC and 72% at SA consisting of regional endemics. Remarkably, endemics accounted for 99% of the numerical abundance of fishes surveyed at RC and 96% at SA, which is the highest assemblage-level endemism known for any individual marine ecosystem on earth. Our results highlight the uniqueness and global significance of these biodiversity hotspots exposed to very different fishing pressures.ES received funding from Blancpain, Davidoff Cool Water and The National Geographic Society. Oceana provided funding to ATP. CFG was suported by Grant NC120030 from the Millennium Scientific Initiative.Peer reviewe

COVCOG 2: Cognitive and Memory Deficits in Long COVID: A Second Publication From the COVID and Cognition Study.

COVID-19, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has been often characterized as a respiratory disease. However, it is increasingly being understood as an infection that impacts multiple systems, and many patients report neurological symptoms. Indeed, there is accumulating evidence for neural damage in some individuals, with recent studies suggesting loss of gray matter in multiple regions, particularly in the left hemisphere. There are several mechanisms by which the COVID-19 infection may lead to neurological symptoms and structural and functional changes in the brain, and cognitive problems are one of the most commonly reported symptoms in those experiencing Long COVID - the chronic illness following the COVID-19 infection that affects between 10 and 25% of patients. However, there is yet little research testing cognition in Long COVID. The COVID and Cognition Study is a cross-sectional/longitudinal study aiming to understand cognitive problems in Long COVID. The first paper from the study explored the characteristics of our sample of 181 individuals who had experienced the COVID-19 infection, and 185 who had not, and the factors that predicted ongoing symptoms and self-reported cognitive deficits. In this second paper from the study, we assess this sample on tests of memory, language, and executive function. We hypothesize that performance on "objective" cognitive tests will reflect self-reported cognitive symptoms. We further hypothesize that some symptom profiles may be more predictive of cognitive performance than others, perhaps giving some information about the mechanism. We found a consistent pattern of memory deficits in those that had experienced the COVID-19 infection, with deficits increasing with the severity of self-reported ongoing symptoms. Fatigue/Mixed symptoms during the initial illness and ongoing neurological symptoms were predictive of cognitive performance

Plan de responsabilidad social empresarial empresa pescamar

En otro enfoque la RSE no tiene una definición en si precisa, en parte por los novedosos relativamente del tema, además aborda una gran variedad de aspectos como el bienestar de los trabajadores, los derechos humanos, la privacidad, la discriminación en el lugar de trabajo, los derechos ambientales, las relaciones con la comunidad, etc. Se halla ligado al desarrollo sostenible, ya que es equivalente a optimizar tres objetivos: equidad social, crecimiento económico y valor ecológico. El desarrollo de productos respetuosos con el medio ambiente es la clave para reducir el impacto negativo en este, es decir, se puede realizar diversas acciones para disminuir el impacto ambiental de las compañías, una de ellas es el uso del MARKETING ECOLÖGICO desde un punto de vista estratégico, y antes la compañía debe adoptar prácticas sociales responsables. Dentro de la sustentabilidad se propone que, de forma voluntaria, las PYME desarrollen programas de RS, y actúen en conjunto con sus grupos de interés (stakeholders) con el fin de comunicar las actuaciones y proyectos que están realicen a través del Marketing Ecológico; bajo esta idea se pueden crear así empresas comprometidas con la sociedad. Concluyendo, por ultimo este estudio permitió analizar la empresa PESCAMAR con el fin de indagar su situación en el ámbito RSE y sustentabilidad, lo que permite visualiza que aún falta mucho por trabajar y por hacer, pero se puede empezar por mejorar aspectos con la generación de acciones que las PYMES pueden llevar a cabo mediante una adecuada planificación.In another approach, RSE does not have a definition. In another approach, CSR does not have a precise definition, partly because of the relative novelty of the topic, it also addresses a wide variety of aspects such as workers' welfare, human rights, privacy , discrimination in the workplace, environmental rights, relations with the community, etc. It is linked to sustainable development, since it is equivalent to optimizing three objectives: social equity, economic growth and ecological value. The development of products that respect the environment is the key to reduce the negative impact on this, that is, you can perform various actions to reduce the environmental impact of companies, one of which is the use of ECOLOGICAL MARKETING from a point of view. Strategic view, and before the company must adopt responsible social practices. Within sustainability, it is proposed that on a voluntary basis, SMEs develop RS programs, and act in conjunction with their stakeholders to communicate the actions and projects that are carried out through Ecological Marketing; Under this idea companies can be created that are committed to society. Finally, this study allowed us to analyze the company PESCAMAR in order to investigate their situation in the field of CSR and sustainability, which allows us to see that there is still a lot to do and work to do, but we can begin to improve aspects with the generation of actions that SMEs can carry out through proper planni

Proteinen tolestura tunel erribosomikoan

Proteins are synthesised as linear polymers and must fold into their native three-dimensional structure to perform various functions in the cell. Understanding protein folding is crucial because protein misfolding is at the origin of several neurodegenerative diseases. Protein folding can start cotranslationally, i.e. when the emerging peptide is still asso-ciated with the ribosome. Indeed, it has been shown that more than one third of the cell’s proteins fold in the limited space of the ribosome tunnel. Increasing evidence suggests that the ribosome plays a critical role in protein folding. The ribosome can facilitate protein compaction, cause the creation of non-visible media in solution or delay the onset of folding. However, the study of cotranslational folding presents serious difficulties, mainly due to the limitations of the different current techniques. Hence, most studies on protein folding are based on proteins in solution, which are carried out by unfolding and refolding the protein, without taking into account the role of the ribosome in this process. In this article, we summarised the techniques developed in recent years for the study of cotranslational protein folding.; Proteinak polimero lineal gisa sintetizatzen dira eta beren jatorrizko egitura tridimentsionalean tolestu behar dira zelulan hainbat funtzio betetzeko. Proteinen tolespena ulertzea funtsezkoa da, tolespen okerrak hainbat gaixotasun neuro-degeneratiboren jatorria direlako. Proteinen tolespena modu koitzultzailean has daiteke, hau da, sortzen ari den peptidoa erribosomari lotuta dagoenean oraindik. Izan ere, zelularen proteinen heren bat baino gehiago erribosomaren tunelaren espazio mugatuan tolesten direla frogatu da, hau da, erribosomaren gainazalarekiko interakzioek modulatuta eta erribosoma-tunelaren beraren mugen pean. Gero eta ebidentzia gehiagok iradokitzen dute erribosomak funtsezko zeregina duela proteinen tolespenean. Erribosomak proteina trinkotzea erraztu dezake, soluzioan ikusten ez diren bitartekoak sortzea eragin dezake edo tolestearen hasiera atzeratu dezake. Hala ere, proteinen koitzulpenezko tolesdura aztertzeak zailtasun handiak ditu, batik bat, egungo teknikek dituzten mugengatik. Hori dela eta, proteinen tolesteari buruzko ikerketa gehienak soluzioan dauden proteinetan oinarritzen dira, proteina tolestuz eta destolestuz egiten direnak, prozesu horretan erribosomak duen rola kontuan hartu gabe. Artikulu honetan, azken urteotan proteinen koitzulpenezko tolestura ikertzeko garatu diren tekniken laburpena egin da