Erythrocytes and cell line-based assays to evaluate the cytoprotective activity of antioxidant components obtained from natural sources

Oxidative stress can damage cellular components including DNA, proteins or lipids, and may cause several skin diseases. To protect from this damage and addressing consumer's appeal to natural products, antioxidants obtained from algal and vegetal extracts are being proposed as antioxidants to be incorporated into formulations. Thus, the development of reliable, quick and economic in vitro methods to study the cytoactivity of these products is a meaningful requirement. A combination of erythrocyte and cell line-based assays was performed on two extracts from Sargassum muticum, one from Ulva lactuca, and one from Castanea sativa. Antioxidant properties were assessed in erythrocytes by the TBARS and AAPH assays, and cytotoxicity and antioxidant cytoprotection were assessed in HaCaT and 3T3 cells by the MTT assay. The extracts showed no antioxidant activity on the TBARS assay, whereas their antioxidant capacity in the AAPH assay was demonstrated. On the cytotoxicity assays, extracts showed low toxicity, with IC50 values higher than 200 µg/mL. C. sativa extract showed the most favourable antioxidant properties on the antioxidant cytoprotection assays; while S. muticum and U. lactuca extracts showed a low antioxidant activity. This battery of methods was useful to characterize the biological antioxidant properties of these natural extracts

Sargassum muticum hydrothermal extract: effects on serum parameters and antioxidant activity in rats

Sargassum muticum was processed by hydrothermal extraction under previously optimized non-isothermal conditions (up to 187 °C). The alginate free crude hydrolysate was further concentrated by ultrafiltration, operating in diafiltration mode to produce an extract (SmE) enriched in the fucoidan and the phlorotannin fractions and with low mineral content and antiradical capacity equivalent to that of Trolox. In order to explore the potential of this concentrated product for food or feed additive, the in vivo antioxidant potential was assessed. Male Sprague–Dawley rats were fed SmE dissolved in distilled water at doses of 0.5, 1.0 or 2.0 g kg−1, administered via an intragastric tube daily for three weeks. The weight and organ gain was not significantly affected in the different groups in relation to the control group fed a standard diet. Serum glucose was significantly lowered in the groups receiving the higher SmE doses, liver GPx levels were reduced and liver TBARS levels decreased in rats administered the extract, but no effect on SOD activity in either liver or erythrocytes was observedThis research was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, grants number CTM2009-12664 and CTM2012-38095, partially funded by FEDER-European fundsS

Valorization of Sargassum muticum Biomass According to the Biorefinery Concept

The biorefinery concept integrates processes and technologies for an efficient biomass conversion using all components of a feedstock. Sargassum muticum is an invasive brown algae which could be regarded as a renewable resource susceptible of individual valorization of the constituent fractions into high added-value compounds. Microwave drying technology can be proposed before conventional ethanol extraction of algal biomass, and supercritical fluid extraction with CO2 was useful to extract fucoxanthin and for the fractionation of crude ethanol extracts. Hydrothermal processing is proposed to fractionate the algal biomass and to solubilize the fucoidan and phlorotannin fractions. Membrane technology was proposed to concentrate these fractions and obtain salt- and arsenic-free saccharidic fractions. Based on these technologies, this study presents a multipurpose process to obtain six different products with potential applications for nutraceutical, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries

Cosmetics from Marine Sources

The application of marine resources for the formulation of cosmetics has been known for centuries. Marine organisms produce unique compounds, which are not found in terrestrial sources, to provide protection against hard environmental conditions. They have been used both to confer: Physicochemical functional properties to the cosmetic product, such as texture, emulsifying properties or color, Bioactive properties, including remineralizing, emollient, hydrating, antioxidant, sunscreening among others. In this chapter, the major functional and biological activities of components isolated from marines sources, including micro and macroorganisms and with special emphasis on algae, are reviewed in relation to their application to cosmetics. Both the traditionally used compounds and fractions and those isolated and characterized in recent years are presented

Connection of isolated stereoclusters by combining 13C-RCSA, RDC, and J-based configurational analyses and structural revision of a tetraprenyltoluquinol chromane meroterpenoid from Sargassum muticum

The seaweed Sargassum muticum, collected on the southern coast of Galicia, yielded a tetraprenyltoluquinol chromane meroditerpene compound known as 1b, whose structure is revised. The relative configuration of 1b was determined by J-based configurational methodology combined with an iJ/DP4 statistical analysis and further confirmed by measuring two anisotropic properties: carbon residual chemical shift anisotropies (13C-RCSAs) and one-bond 1H-13C residual dipolar couplings (1DCH-RDCs). The absolute configuration of 1b was deduced by ECD/OR/TD-DFT methods and established as 3R,7S,11R.Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI) de España | Ref. RTI2018-093634-B-C22Interreg España-Portugal | Ref. 0474_BLUEBIOLAB_1_EXunta de Galicia | Ref. GRC2018/039Xunta de Galicia | Ref. ED431E 2018/03Max Planck Society | Ref. CAPES 418729698SERB, New Delhi | Ref. ECR/2017/00181

Potential of antioxidant extracts produced by aqueous processing ofrenewable resources for the formulation of cosmetics

The performance of natural extracts obtained from underutilized and residual vegetal and macroalgal biomass processed with food-grade green solvents was compared with that of commercial antioxidants. Selected extracts were obtained from two terrestrial sources: winery byproducts concentrate (WBC) and chestnut burs hydrothermally fractionated extract (CBAE), and from two underutilized seaweeds: Sargassum muticum extracts, either extracted with ethanol (SmEE) or after alginate extraction and hydrothermal fractionation (SmAE) and from Ulva lactuca processed by mild acid extraction and membrane concentration (UlAE). These extracts showed in vitro antioxidant properties comparable to commercial antioxidants and were safe for topical use based on the absence of skin-irritant effects at 0.1% on reconstructed human tissues. The stability of several cosmetic model emulsions was assessed during accelerated oxidation assays. The incorporation of natural extracts produced from renewable underutilized resources at 0.4-0.5% in an oil-in-water emulsions reduced lipid oxidation during storage

Erythrocytes and cell line-based assays to evaluate the cytoprotective activity of antioxidant components obtained from natural sources

Oxidative stress can damage cellular components including DNA, proteins or lipids, and may cause several skin diseases. To protect from this damage and addressing consumer's appeal to natural products, antioxidants obtained from algal and vegetal extracts are being proposed as antioxidants to be incorporated into formulations. Thus, the development of reliable, quick and economic in vitro methods to study the cytoactivity of these products is a meaningful requirement. A combination of erythrocyte and cell line-based assays was performed on two extracts from Sargassum muticum, one from Ulva lactuca, and one from Castanea sativa. Antioxidant properties were assessed in erythrocytes by the TBARS and AAPH assays, and cytotoxicity and antioxidant cytoprotection were assessed in HaCaT and 3T3 cells by the MTT assay. The extracts showed no antioxidant activity on the TBARS assay, whereas their antioxidant capacity in the AAPH assay was demonstrated. On the cytotoxicity assays, extracts showed low toxicity, with IC50 values higher than 200 µg/mL. C. sativa extract showed the most favourable antioxidant properties on the antioxidant cytoprotection assays; while S. muticum and U. lactuca extracts showed a low antioxidant activity. This battery of methods was useful to characterize the biological antioxidant properties of these natural extracts

Potential of antioxidant extracts produced by aqueous processing ofrenewable resources for the formulation of cosmetics

The performance of natural extracts obtained from underutilized and residual vegetal and macroalgal biomass processed with food-grade green solvents was compared with that of commercial antioxidants. Selected extracts were obtained from two terrestrial sources: winery byproducts concentrate (WBC) and chestnut burs hydrothermally fractionated extract (CBAE), and from two underutilized seaweeds: Sargassum muticum extracts, either extracted with ethanol (SmEE) or after alginate extraction and hydrothermal fractionation (SmAE) and from Ulva lactuca processed by mild acid extraction and membrane concentration (UlAE). These extracts showed in vitro antioxidant properties comparable to commercial antioxidants and were safe for topical use based on the absence of skin-irritant effects at 0.1% on reconstructed human tissues. The stability of several cosmetic model emulsions was assessed during accelerated oxidation assays. The incorporation of natural extracts produced from renewable underutilized resources at 0.4-0.5% in an oil-in-water emulsions reduced lipid oxidation during storage

The neurobiological hypothesis of neurotrophins in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia: A meta-analysis

Schizophrenia is associated with patterns of aberrant neurobiological circuitry. The disease complexity is mirrored by multiple biological interactions known to contribute to the disease pathology. One potential contributor is the family of neurotrophins which are proteins involved in multiple functional processes in the nervous system, with crucial roles in neurodevelopment, synaptogenesis and neuroplasticity. With these roles in mind, abnormal neurotrophin profiles have been hypothesized to contribute to the pathology of schizophrenia.CS is supported by the Fundación Tatiana Pérez de Guzman el Bueno and Rede Galega de Investigación en DemenciasIN607C-2017/02, GAIN, Xunta de Galicia, JMO is supported by ISCIIIP16/00405, RCAB is funded by FEDER, a Ramón& Cajal grant (RYC-2014-15246) and the Galicia Innovation Agency - GAIN grant (IN607D-2016/003)info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio