Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Correction to: Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake

A neglected etiology of bronchiectasis: External compression due to hiatal hernia

Aim: To investigate the incidence of bronchiectasis supposed to be made by the external compression of hiatal hernia (HH) to bronchi. Materials and Methods: The thorax computed tomography (CT) scans of patients which were carried out in Duzce University Hospital between February 2014 and August 2015 were retrospectively evaluated. The repeated scans in the same patient were excluded. Results: A total of 4388 patients were included in the study. A total of 98 HH cases were detected of which 58 (59.2%) were female. The mean age was 73.30 +/- 9.14 (45-90). The rate of HH according to small, moderate and large size was 45 (45.9%), 9 (9.2%), 44 (44.9%), respectively. The rate of hiatal hernia accompanied by bronchiectasis were similar in both males and females (P = 0.078). The prevalence of bronchiectasis was significantly high in large hernias with 81.4% rate (P = 0.009). Bronchiectasis rate was 12.343 times (OR: 12.343, 95% CI: 1.479-103.027, P = 0.009) higher in the large HH group compared to small and moderate HH groups. Hiatal hernia accompanied by bronchiectasis was 88.1% anatomically near to HH. Conclusions: Thus, hiatal hernia may cause bronchiectasis due to external compression rather than lymphadenopathy or the tumor as an etiology of bronchiectasis and should be considered in the differential diagnosis.WOS:0005433981000132-s2.0-85086354682PubMed: 3252511

Protective Effect of Vitamin E and Melatonin Against Radiation Induced Damage in Testes of Rats

To investigate the effects of vitamin E and melatonin on gamma ray induced damage in testes of rats. A total of 40 Wistar type rats were divided into 4 groups, each including 10 rats. Total body radiation was applied to the first 3 groups with 90 cm, 90% isodose curve using Cobalt 60 apparatus. The period of exposure time was 11 min 30 see and a total of 360 cGy gamma radiation was administered in each session. Following radiation exposure, intraperitoneal injection of vitamin E (100 mg/kg/day), melatonin (100 mg/kg/day), 0.9% saline (100 mg/kg/day) were done in group 1-3, respectively. Group 4 was the control group and intraperitoneal 0.9% saline (100 mg/kg/day) was administered without any radiation. Five days after the procedure testes were removed and analyzed to measure Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and degree of histopathological injury. Tissue MDA level measured in rats receiving melatonin did not show significant difference when compared to control group (p>0.05). Similarly, there was no significant tissue injury on histopathological examination between melatonin administered and control groups. However, compared to the control group both tissue MDA level and tissue injury were found to be significantly increased in groups, which received vitamin E and 0.9% saline solution (p<0.05). Melatonin displays a remarkable tissue protective effect by inhibiting the damage mediated by free radicals after radiation. The same effect could not be obtained with Vitamin E. Thus, the cytoprotective effect of melatonin can be of value in preserving testicular functions after radiation exposure

Efficacy and tolerability of udenafil in Turkish men with erectile dysfunction of psychogenic and organic aetiology: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study

WOS: 000320618100004PubMed ID: 23785019Udenafil is a potent phosphodiesterase type-5 inhibitor (PDE5) previously shown in studies conducted in populations of Eastern-Asian ethnicity, to significantly improve sexual function, in addition to a favourable safety profile. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of udenafil for the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED), for the first time in a non-Eastern-Asian population. In this multicentre, randomized, double-blind, parallel, placebo-controlled study conducted in five centres in Turkey, 118 eligible subjects were randomized to receive udenafil 100mg taken as on-demand or matching placebo for an 8-week treatment period. The primary efficacy variable was the change from baseline of the International Index of Erectile Function Questionnaire-Erectile Function Domain (IIEF-EFD) score, secondary efficacy variables were changes from baseline in IIEF Questionnaire Domains' 2-5 scores (Intercourse Satisfaction, Orgasmic Function, Sexual Desire, Overall Sexual Satisfaction) and IIEF Questionnaire Grand Total score, changes from baseline in penetration success rates (SEP2) and intercourse completion rates (SEP3) and evaluation of responses to the global assessment question (GAQ). Patients treated with udenafil demonstrated significantly higher increase in the IIEF-EFD scores compared with placebo-treated subjects [4.0 (95% CI: 1.3-6.6; p=0.003)]. Similarly, greater improvements were observed in the scores for SEP2 [0.65 (95% CI: 0.02-1.3, p=0.043)], SEP3 [0.9 (95% CI: 0.3-1.5, p=0.003)] and two other IIEF Questionnaire Domains (Domain 4: Sexual Desire, Domain 5: Overall Sexual Satisfaction). The proportion of positive responses to the GAQ was greater in the udenafil compared to the placebo group (72.2% vs. 49.1%, p=0.014). The most frequent treatment-emergent adverse events were headache, flushing and rhinorrhea, all of mild or moderate severity. This is the first study to demonstrate in a non-Eastern-Asian population that udenafil 100mg taken as on-demand can effectively improve erectile function and is well tolerated.Abdi Ibrahim Ilac San. Ve Tic. A.S., TurkeyThis work was supported by a grant from Abdi Ibrahim Ilac San. Ve Tic. A.S., Turkey. The authors thank the study participants and study investigators Erdem Ozturk, Ziya Akbulut and Serkan Altinova for their efforts and contributions