The anti-Amin resistance in retrospect: the contribution of the Ugandan exile organisations towards democratic change in Uganda, 1972-1979

Paper presented at the Wits History Workshop: Democracy, Popular Precedents, Practice and Culture, 13-15 July, 1994

La alternancia de código y la evolución lingüística: el caso de ‘Hacer + V’ en Orange Walk, Belice.

This paper provides an insight into the syntactic evolution of bilingual light verb constructions in Northern Belize Spanish/English/Kriol code-switching. Quantitative analyses of syntactic verb type and pronoun type were conducted to examine the cross-generational use of these hybrid structures in the spontaneous oral production of 62 bilingual/trilingual speakers from Northern Belize. Results revealed that participants in the younger age groups employed ‘hacer + V’ markedly more than the eldest consultants. Whereas bilingual light verb constructions amongst first generation speakers were attested only with transitive, intransitive and ditransitive verbs, there was an expansion of these constructions to other syntactic contexts in the discourse of second and third generation speakers. For pronoun type, the incorporation of clitic and pronominal forms was particularly attested among younger generations. The analysis discusses changes in the use of these syntactic innovations vis-à-vis Belize’s sociohistorical milieu and highlights some features of ‘hacer + V’ which do not conform to mainstream views on what constitutes ‘nonce borrowings’.La alternancia de código y la evolución lingüística: el caso de ‘Hacer + V’ en Orange Walk, Belice. Esta investigación examina la evolución sintáctica de las perífrasis verbales bilingües con el verbo hacer en la alternancia entre el español, el inglés y el criollo en el norte de Belice. Se llevó a cabo un análisis cuantitativo de la clase sintáctica del verbo y la clase de pronombre para analizar el uso intergeneracional de estas estructuras híbridas en la producción oral espontánea de 62 bilingües / trilingües del norte de Belice. Los resultados revelaron que los grupos de hablantes más jóvenes utilizan ‘hacer + V’ con mucha más frecuencia que los participantes más mayores. Entre los hablantes mayores, las construcciones híbridas con hacer aparecieron con verbos transitivos, ditransitivos e intransitivos; sin embargo, hubo una extensión de estas construcciones a otros contextos sintácticos en el discurso oral de hablantes más jóvenes. Para la clase de pronombre, se encontró la incorporación de clíticos y formas pronominales particularmente en el habla de la segunda y la tercera generación. En el análisis se desarrollan los cambios encontrados en el uso de estas innovaciones sintácticas en relación con el contexto socio-histórico de Belice y se reiteran algunos rasgos de ‘hacer + V’ que no coinciden con algunas perspectivas de lo que constituyen los prestamos lingüísticos

La alternancia de código y la evolución lingüística: el caso de ‘Hacer + V’ en Orange Walk, Belice.

This paper provides an insight into the syntactic evolution of bilingual light verb constructions in Northern Belize Spanish/English/Kriol code-switching. Quantitative analyses of syntactic verb type and pronoun type were conducted to examine the cross-generational use of these hybrid structures in the spontaneous oral production of 62 bilingual/trilingual speakers from Northern Belize. Results revealed that participants in the younger age groups employed ‘hacer + V’ markedly more than the eldest consultants. Whereas bilingual light verb constructions amongst first generation speakers were attested only with transitive, intransitive and ditransitive verbs, there was an expansion of these constructions to other syntactic contexts in the discourse of second and third generation speakers. For pronoun type, the incorporation of clitic and pronominal forms was particularly attested among younger generations. The analysis discusses changes in the use of these syntactic innovations vis-à-vis Belize’s sociohistorical milieu and highlights some features of ‘hacer + V’ which do not conform to mainstream views on what constitutes ‘nonce borrowings’.La alternancia de código y la evolución lingüística: el caso de ‘Hacer + V’ en Orange Walk, Belice. Esta investigación examina la evolución sintáctica de las perífrasis verbales bilingües con el verbo hacer en la alternancia entre el español, el inglés y el criollo en el norte de Belice. Se llevó a cabo un análisis cuantitativo de la clase sintáctica del verbo y la clase de pronombre para analizar el uso intergeneracional de estas estructuras híbridas en la producción oral espontánea de 62 bilingües / trilingües del norte de Belice. Los resultados revelaron que los grupos de hablantes más jóvenes utilizan ‘hacer + V’ con mucha más frecuencia que los participantes más mayores. Entre los hablantes mayores, las construcciones híbridas con hacer aparecieron con verbos transitivos, ditransitivos e intransitivos; sin embargo, hubo una extensión de estas construcciones a otros contextos sintácticos en el discurso oral de hablantes más jóvenes. Para la clase de pronombre, se encontró la incorporación de clíticos y formas pronominales particularmente en el habla de la segunda y la tercera generación. En el análisis se desarrollan los cambios encontrados en el uso de estas innovaciones sintácticas en relación con el contexto socio-histórico de Belice y se reiteran algunos rasgos de ‘hacer + V’ que no coinciden con algunas perspectivas de lo que constituyen los prestamos lingüísticos

Nonlinear Response of HTSC Thin Film Microwave Resonators in an Applied DC Magnetic Field

The non-linear microwave surface impedance of patterned YBCO thin films, was measured using a suspended line resonator in the presence of a perpendicular DC magnetic field of magnitude comparable to that of the microwave field. Signature of the virgin state was found to be absent even for relatively low microwave power levels. The microwave loss was initially found to decrease for small applied DC field before increasing again. Also, non-linearities inherent in the sample were found to be substantially suppressed at low powers at these applied fields. These two features together can lead to significant improvement in device performance.Comment: 4 pages, LaTeX type, Uses IEEE style files, 600 dpi PostScript file with color figures available at http://sagar.physics.neu.edu/preprints.html Submitted to IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivit

Electrospray Methodologies for Characterization and Deposition of Nanoparticles

Electrospray is an aerosolization method that generates highly charged droplets from solutions or suspensions and, after a series of solvent evaporation - droplet fission cycles, it results in particles carrying multiple charges. Highly charged particles are used in a variety of applications, including particle characterization, thin film deposition, nanopatterning, and inhalation studies among several others. In this work, a soft X-ray photoionization was coupled with an electrospray to obtain monodisperse, singly charged nanoparticles for applications in online size characterization with electrical mobility analysis. Photoionization with the soft X-ray charger enhanced the diffusion neutralization rate of the highly charged bacteriophages, proteins, and solid particles. The effect of nanoparticle surface charge and nanoparticle agglomeration in liquids on the electrospray process was studied experimentally and a modified expression to calculate the effective electrical conductivity of nanosuspensions was proposed. The effective electrical conductivity of TiO2 nanoparticle suspensions is strongly dependent on the electrical double layer and the agglomeration dynamics of the particles; and such dependence is more remarkable in liquids with low ionic strength. TiO2 nanoparticle agglomerates with nearly monodisperse sizes in the nanometer and submicrometer ranges were generated, by electrospraying suspensions with tuned effective electrical conductivity, and used to deposit photocatalytic films for water-splitting. Nanostructured films of iron oxide with uniform distribution of particles over the entire deposition area were formed with an electrospray system. The micro-Raman spectra of the iron oxide films showed that transverse and longitudinal optical modes are highly sensitive to the crystallize size of the electrospray-deposited films. The fabrication of films of natural light-harvesting complexes, with the aim of designing biohybrid photovoltaic devices, was explored with an electrospray. The ability to charge chlorosomes with large number of charges allowed their ballistic deposition onto TiO2 nanostructured columnar films simultaneously maintaining their light-harvesting properties. Single units of natural light-harvesting complexes were isolated in charged electrospray droplets for subsequent size characterization. The charge distribution of natural light-harvesting complexes, aerosolized with a collision nebulizer, was determined with tandem differential mobility analysis. It was found that nebulized light-harvesting complexes were multiply charged; hence they have potential applications in the deposition of functional films using electric fields. The studies conducted as part of this dissertation addressed fundamental issues in the characterization and deposition of nanoparticle suspensions and elucidated applications of the electrospray technique, particularly for solar energy utilization

Challenges and opportunities for toxicology in Mexico

We have developed this Special Issue titled “Challenges and Opportunities for Toxicology in Mexico” with the aim to highlight not only the challenges toxicology research faces in Mexico, but also the efforts and drive towards cutting edge research to address them. Altogether, this special issue should be a valuable source of information for all readers with an interest in toxicology and human health. Mexico is an important economy worldwide and is a major exporter of several supplies and commodities. Because of this, its industry is a source of occupational exposure to several chemical derivatives (Nieusma 2011). The situation of occupational toxicology in Latin America, and particularly in Mexico is reviewed in this issue by Dr. Muñoz and Dr. Albores. In the frame of the 30th Congress of the International Commission of Occupational Health to be held in Cancun, the authors present current data, statistics and studies about this topic in Mexico. In addition, they propose the use of molecular studies to increase accuracy in diagnosis of occupational associated diseases, improve techniques of biomonitoring in the work environment and develop current databases for occupational exposure limits

Una caracterización de las prácticas evaluativas en cursos de álgebra superior

Debido a los altos índices de reprobados reportados en la Facultad de Matemáticas de la Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, México, la investigación desarrollada versó en identificar las concepciones de la evaluación en profesores de dicha institución que imparten la asignatura de Álgebra Superior 1, así como caracterizar los instrumentos, procedimientos y criterios de evaluación que están presentes en el aula. La metodología de investigación que se utilizó fue la etnografía, recurriendo a la observación no participante. Como resultado presentamos que los profesores manifiestan tener una tendencia investigativa pero aún no cuentan con la actualización suficiente para extrapolar dicha concepción al aula, lo cual se evidenció en el escenario escolar ya que éstos privilegian la práctica de evaluación sumativa que corresponde a la tendencia tradicional coincidente con la percepción de los estudiantes