Comparison of root canal cleaning efficacy between self adjusting file and a rotary single file system along with two different root canal irrigants by sem evaluation: An In Vitro study

AIM OF THE STUDY: The aim of this study was to compare the root canal cleaning efficacy between Self Adjusting File and a Wave One File system along with two different root canal irrigants by SEM evaluation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study samples comprised of 50 recently extracted intact, non-carious, human mandibular premolars. Endodontic access cavity were prepared, working length was determined and assigned to five groups of ten specimens each (n=10). The root canals were prepared in each group as follows In Group 1 up to #30 size K file with saline, Group 2. SAF file with NaOCl. Group 3 SAF file used with QMix. Group 4 Primary Wave One file was used with NaOCl and Group 5 Primary Wave One file along with QMix. The crowns were decoronated with diamond disc at the cemento–enamel junction. Deep grooves were cut on the centre of each root both on the buccal and lingual surfaces. The roots were longitudinally split into two halves along the groove with chisel and mallet. One half of each tooth was selected and prepared for SEM examination. RESULTS: Group 3(SAF with QMix), followed by Group 5(Wave One with Q Mix) had statistically significant cleaned canal walls compared to other groups. The Group 5 differs from Group 3, which had statistically significant more amount of debris and homogeneously covered smear layer in the Apical third. In Group 2 and Group 4 more than 50% of the root canal walls were covered with debris and complete coverage of dentinal tubules by smear layer were evident at all the thirds. CONCLUSION: The SAF, operated with continuous flow of QMix resulted in root canals that were free of debris and almost completely free of the smear layer at coronal, middle and apical thirds. When operated with sodium hypochlorite, SAF resulted in superficially debris free canals and has smear layer in all thirds. Wave One gives similar results with these irrigants as SAF in coronal and middle thirds but it has least cleaning efficacy at the apical third

Study on impact of pharmacology teaching on practice of self-medication among MBBS students

Background: Self-medication is consumption of medicines without consulting a physician. The present study was undertaken to determine the knowledge, attitude and practice of self-medication among medical students and to compare impact of pharmacology teaching among them.Methods: A cross-sectional comparative questionnaire-based study was conducted among 200 II MBBS and III MBBS students. Data was collected and analyzed.Results: 90.91% II MBBS students and 85.97% III MBBS students practiced self-medication. The commonest reason cited for self-medication among both the groups was minor ailments and intention to get quick relief. The commonest indication for self-medication was common cold and fever. The commonly used drugs were analgesics followed by cough remedies and antibiotics. Our study showed that the knowledge about generic and trade name, package inserts, course of treatment and adverse effects was more among third year students who had completed pharmacology curriculum. Hence the Pharmacology teaching equips the student with better knowledge to choose a drug for self-medication. Only 4.54% of II MBBS students and 13.79% of III MBBS students agreed on the practice of self-medication. Majority believed that medical education is necessary for better administration of self-medication. Both II and III year MBBS students opine that growing trend of self-medication can be prevented by prevention of supply of medicines without prescriptions and education.Conclusions: Our study shows the positive impact of pharmacology curriculum on the knowledge attitude and practice of self medication among medical students

Photometric moments: New promising candidates for visual servoing

International audienceIn this paper, we propose a new type of visual features for visual servoing : photometric moments. These global features do not require any segmentation, matching or tracking steps. The analytical form of the interaction matrix is developed in closed form for these features. Results from experiments carried out with photometric moments have been presented. The results validate our modelling and the control scheme. They perform well for large camera displacements and are endowed with a large convergence domain. From the properties exhibited, photometric moments hold promise as better candidates for IBVS over currently existing geometric and pure luminance features

Investigation on the physical properties and diffusion layer phase transformation at the interface of Sialon-Duplex Stainless-Steel bonding

Joining SiALON to duplex stainless steel utilizes the properties of two materials which may provide an opportunity for distinctive applications. Ceramic is hard and operates at a high temperature but it is brittle whereas metal is tough but it can work at a low temperature. The benefits of the best properties of both materials can be utilized by joining them. The objectives of the research work are to investigate the physical properties and the phase transformation at the interface and at the inter-diffusion layer in between the SiAlON and duplex stainless steel. The experiment incorporated nitriding, then diffusion bonding the duplex stainless steel using the hot press. Bonding was carried out at 1200°C for the holding times of 30 minutes and 1 hour. Metallography and micro analyses were conducted to achieve the above objectives. The study has demonstrated that 30 minutes joining time is sufficient to develop the thickness of the interface. However, 1 hour joining duration achieved cohesive and sound diffusion bonding of the SiAlON to duplex stainless steel. This is possible due to the formation of diffusion interlayer which accommodates the residual stress presence during cooling down process

Analysis of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Porosimetry And Their Thermal Conductivity with Ionic Liquid-Based Solvents

The suspension of nanoparticles with common heat transfer fluids like Ethylene glycol and water yields nanofluid exhibits superior thermal properties than their host fluids. Ionic liquids have the potential to demonstrate remarkable thermophysical properties (especially thermal conductivity) that ordinary nanofluids cannot achieve. On the other hand, the quantity and structure of nanoparticles porosity affects the nanofluid’s thermal conductivity considerably. Various investigations have revealed the improved thermophysical characteristicts of Multiwalled Carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) nanofluids containing common solvents or base fluids. However, only limited studies are available on the impact of thermal conductivity in Ionic liquid-based nanofluids (Ionanofluids) owing to their high cost and viscosity. Ultrasonication technique is employed in preparing the three different Ionanofluids containing 0.5 Wt.% via the two-step method to achieve a greater stability and thermal conductivity without utilizing surfactants. Experimental investigations are performed to boost the thermal conductivity of MWCNT/Propylene glycol nanofluid using 1,3-dimethyl imidazolium dimethyl phosphate [Mmim][DMP], 1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium octyl sulfate [Emim][OSO4] and 1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium diethyl phosphate [Emim][DEP] at a temperature ranging from 295 K to 355 K. The acquired results illustrated that the thermal conductivity of MWCNT Ionanofluids incorporated with [Mmim][DMP], [Emim][OSO4] and [Emim][DEP] increased by 37.5%, 5% and 2% respectively. This unique class of Ionanofluids shows incredible capacity for use in high temperature applications as conventional heat transfer fluids

Povezanost bakterijske tromboze stijenke lijeve srčane pretklijetke i uremičnog nefritisa u psa - prikaz slučaja

Necropsy examination of a five-year-old female German shepherd dog revealed a pale greyish-white thrombotic mass adherent to the lateral wall of left atrium of heart. Liver was enlarged, mottled and showed multifocal pale foci. Both kidneys were small, pale with granular cortical surface. Cultural examination of heart blood swab revealed the presence of Staphylococcus aureus. Clinical laboratory examination revealed elevation of blood urea nitrogen (312 mg/dL) and creatinine (19.7 mg/dL). Microscopical examination showed thrombotic mass adhering to the endocardial surface, which contained blood cell debris and numerous coccoid bacterial clumps. Blood vessels adjacent to the thrombus in the myocardium revealed mineralisation of the tunica intima with perivascular lympho-plasmacytic infiltration. Thus, a case of left atrial vegetative endocarditis developed from S. aureus infection due to uraemic endocardial injury is reported.Razudbom petogodišnje ženke, pasmine njemački ovčar, ustanovljena je blijeda sivkasto bijela nakupina vezana uz lateralnu stijenku lijeve srčane pretklijetke. Jetra su bila povećana, prošarana mnogobrojnim blijedim žarištima. Oba bubrega bila su mala, blijeda s granuliranom površinom kore. Pretragom srčane krvi dokazana je prisutnost bakterije Staphylococcus aureus. Kliničkom laboratorijskom pretragom ustanovljena je povećana koncentracija dušika u krvi (312 mg/dL) i kreatinina (19,7 mg/dL). Mikroskopska pretraga pokazala je nakupinu tromba prilijepljenu na površinu endokarda, koja je sadržavala ostatke krvnih stanica i mnoge nakupine kokoidnih bakterija. Krvne žile miokarda koje prileže uz tromb pokazale su mineralizaciju unutarnje ovojnice s perivaskularnom limfoplazmatičnom infiltracijom. Na temelju navedenoga zaključuje se da je riječ o vegetativnom endokarditisu lijeve srčane pretklijetke, razvijenom nakon zaraze bakterijom S. aureus povezane s uremičnom endokardijalnom ozljedom

<i>In Vitro</i> Activity of Two Cefepime-Based Novel Combinations, Cefepime/Taniborbactam and Cefepime/Zidebactam, against Carbapenemase-Expressing <i>Enterobacterales </i>Collected in India

In recent times, discovery efforts for novel antibiotics have mostly targeted carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms. Two different combination approaches are pertinent: b-lactam-b-lactamase inhibitor (BL/BLI) or b-lactam-b-lactam enhancer (BL/ BLE). Cefepime combined with a BLI, taniborbactam, or with a BLE, zidebactam, has been shown to be promising. In this study, we determined the in vitro activity of both these agents along with comparators against multicentric carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE). Nonduplicate CPE isolates of Escherichia coli (n = 270) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 300), collected from nine different tertiary-care hospitals across India during 2019 to 2021, were included in the study. Carbapenemases in these isolates were detected by PCR. E. coli isolates were also screened for the presence of the 4-Amino-Acid insert in penicillin binding protein 3 (PBP3). MICs were determined by reference broth microdilution. Higher MICs of cefepime/taniborbactam (.8 mg/L) were linked to NDM, both in K. pneumoniae and in E. coli. In particular, such higher MICs were observed in 88 to 90% of E. coli isolates producing NDM and OXA-48-like or NDM alone. On the other hand, OXA-48-like-producing E. coli or K. pneumoniae isolates were nearly 100% susceptible to cefepime/taniborbactam. Regardless of the carbapenemase types and the pathogens, cefepime/ zidebactam showed potent activity (.99% inhibited at#8mg/L). It seems that the 4-amino-Acid insert in PBP3 (present universally in the study E. coli isolates) along with NDM adversely impact the activity of cefepime/taniborbactam. Thus, the limitations of the BL/BLI approach in tackling the complex interplay of enzymatic and nonenzymatic resistance mechanisms were better revealed in whole-cell studies where the activity observed was a net effect of b-lactamase inhibition, cellular uptake, and target affinity of the combination. IMPORTANCE The study revealed the differential ability of cefepime/taniborbactam and cefepime/zidebactam in tackling carbapenemase-producing Indian clinical isolates that also harbored additional mechanisms of resistance. NDM-expressing E. coli with 4-Amino-Acid insert in PBP3 are predominately resistant to cefepime/taniborbactam, while the b-lactam enhancer mechanism-based cefepime/zidebactam showed consistent activity against single-or dual-carbapenemase-producing isolates including E. coli with PBP3 inserts.</p

Utilisation de Moments Photometriques en Asservissement visuel

This thesis is concerned with visual servoing, a feedback control technique for controlling camera-equipped actuated systems like robots. For visual servoing, it is essential to synthesize visual information from the camera image in the form of visual features and establish the relationship between their variations and the spatial motion of the camera. This work proposes the strategy of capturing the image intensities not directly, but in the form of moments computed on the whole image plane. These global features have been termed photometric moments. Theoretical developments are made to derive the analytical model for the interaction matrix of the photometric moments. These moments enable to perform visual servoing on complex scenes without visual tracking or image matching procedures. A practical issue encountered in such dense VS methods is the appearance and disappearance of portions of the scene during the visual servoing. To handle this important practical problem, an improved modelling scheme for the moments that allows for inclusion of spatial weights is proposed. Then, spatial weighting functions with a specific structure are exploited such that an analytical model for the interaction matrix can be obtained as simple functions of the newly formulated moments. A part of this work proposes an approach to connect the design of the visual features such that the visual servoing is optimal with respect to specific criteria.Cette thèse s'intéresse à l'asservissement visuel, une technique de commande à partir d'informations visuelles permettant de contrôler le mouvement de systèmes équipés de caméras tels que des robots. Pour l'asservissement visuel, il est essentiel de synthétiser les informations obtenues par une caméra et ainsi établir la relation entre l'évolution de ces informations et le déplacement de la caméra dans l'espace. Ce travail propose une stratégie de capture de l'intensité lumineuse de façon indirecte, par le biais des moments calculés sur toute l'image. Ces caractéristiques globales sont dénommées moments photométriques. Les développements théoriques établis dans cette thèse tendent à définir une modélisation analytique de la matrice d'interaction relative aux moments photométriques. Ces derniers permettent de réaliser une tâche d'asservissement visuel dans des scènes complexes sans suivi visuel ni appariement. Un problème pratique rencontré par cette méthode dense d'asservissement visuel est l'apparition et la disparition de portions d'image durant la réalisation de la tâche. Afin de résoudre ce problème, une modélisation incluant des poids spatiaux est proposée. Ainsi, la pondération spatiale, disposant d'une structure spécifique, est introduite de telle sorte qu'un modèle analytique de la matrice d'interaction peut être obtenu comme une simple fonction des moments photométriques. Une approche pour définir les informations visuelles de manière à ce que l'asservissement soit optimal par rapport à des critères spécifiques est également proposée