Morphological and anatomical characterisation and evaluation of a vineyard peach germplasm collection [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch]

Istraživanjima u okviru ove doktorske disertacije na osnovu većeg broja kvalitativnih i kvantitativnih osobina izvršena je morfološko-anatomska karakterizacija i evaluacija 75 genotipova vinogradarske breskve u okviru kolekcije oglednog dobra “Radmilovac”, Poljoprivrednog fakulteta u Beogradu. Istraživanja su obuhvatila i analizu varijabilnosti i korelacione povezanosti osobina, a sve u cilju izdvajanja perspektivnih genotipova sa akcentom na stonu potrošnju. Karakteristike fenofaze cvetanja i sazrevanja, anatomske karakteristike lista, broj zametnutih i ubranih plodova, biohemijski sastav ploda i organoleptička ocena svežih plodova utvrđeni su metodama standardnim za ovu vrstu istraživanja, dok su morfološke karakteristike pojedinih organa utvrđene merenjem ili ocenjivanjem pomoću UPOV i ECPGR deskriptora za breskvu. Ispitivana kolekcija vinogradarske breskve pokazala se kao značajan genofond sa visokim stepenom varijabilnosti osobina. Među ispitivanim genotipovima ispoljile su se veoma značajne razlike u pogledu vremena cvetanja i sazrevanja, bujnosti stabla, rodnosti, krupnoće i kvaliteta plodova. U ispitivanoj kolekciji genetička varijansa je dominirala u ukupnoj varijabilnosti vremena sazrevanja plodova kao i osobina stabla (visina stabla, visina krune, prečnik krune, visina debla, obim debla), grančice (dužina i debljina grančice), lista (dužina i širina liske, indeks oblika liske, površina liske), cveta (prečnik cveta, dužina i širina kruničnih listića, indeks oblika kruničnih listića, broj prašnika, dužina i širina antere, dužina tučka) i ploda (masa koštice, sadržaj rastvorljive suve materije, sadržaj ukupnih kiselina i ukupnih šećera, izgled ploda, ukus ploda i ukupna senzorna ocena). To znači da su ove osobine strogo ili u velikoj meri pod kontrolom genotipa i da kao takve predstavljaju merodavni prikaz ispitivane kolekcije, na osnovu kojih se može sa većom pouzdanošću vršiti dalja selekcija sa ciljem povećanja rodnosti i poboljšanja kvaliteta ploda...The research for this doctoral dissertation was based on a large number of qualitative and quantitative traits of the vineyard peach and it comprised morphological and anatomical characterization and evaluation of 75 vineyard peach genotypes within a collection of the “Radmilovac” Experimental Station of the Belgrade Faculty of Agriculture. The research also comprised the analysis of variability and correlation of traits in order to select prominent genotypes, particularly genotypes suitable for fresh consumption. Flowering and maturity traits, anatomic traits of peach leaves, fruit set and number of harvested fruits, biochemical composition and an organoleptic evaluation of fresh fruits were determined with standard methods for this type of research, whereas morphological traits of certain organs were determined after measuring or evaluation with UPOV and ECPGR descriptors for peach. The studied collection of the vineyard peach was proved to be a significant genepool with high variability of traits. Among the studied genotypes there were very significant differences in time of flowering and maturity, tree vigour, yielding, fruit size and quality. The genetic variance dominated the total variability of fruit maturity time, as well as tree traits (tree height, canopy height, canopy diameter, trunk height, trunk volume), traits of shoot (shoot length and thickness), leaf (leaf length and width, shape index, leaf area), flower (flower diameter, petal length and width, petal shape index, number of stamens, anther length and width, pistil length) and traits of fruit (stone weight, soluble dry matter content, total acids and total sugars, fruit appearance, taste and an overall sensory mark). It means that these traits are fully or to a large extent controlled by genotype. Hence they give a reliable overview of the collection, based on which further selection for better yields and better quality can be done more accurately..

Fracture mechanics analysis of damaged turbine rotor discs using finite element method

This paper presents evaluation fracture mechanics parameters in low pressure turbine components. Critical locations such as keyway and dovetail area are experiencing stress concentration leading to crack initiation. Stress intensity factors were evaluated using the J-Integral approach available within ANSYS software code. The finite element method allowed the prediction of the point of crack initiation and the crack propagation using the orientations of the maximum principal stresses. Special attention in this investigation is focused to develop analytic expressions for stress intensity factors at critical location of low pres-sure steam turbine disc. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. I-174001 i br. TR-35045

Supplementary data for the article: Čolić, S. D.; Bakić, I. V.; Dabić Zagorac, D. Č.; Natić, M. M.; Smailagić, A. T.; Pergal, M. V.; Pešić, M. B.; Milinčić, D. D.; Rabrenović, B. B.; Fotirić Akšić, M. M. Chemical Fingerprint and Kernel Quality Assessment in Different Grafting Combinations of Almond Under Stress Condition. Scientia Horticulturae 2021, 275, 109705. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2020.109705

Supplementary material for: [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2020.109705]Related to published version: [https://cherry.chem.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4081

The suitability of apricot for dried fruit production by the combined technology

The apricot is considered as one of the most delicious temperate fruit, a highly appreciated stone fruit and a valuable raw material for processing. The Republic of Serbia is one of the leading apricot producers in Southeast Europe, but the assortment is limited by a small number of cultivars harvested, mostly in the ripening season of “Magyar kajszi”. In order to introduce the most suitable cultivars in the production, having high yield and high quality for consumption and various forms of processing, introduced and domestic cultivars have been intensively studied. In Serbia, apricots are mostly marketed fresh and processed for jams and spirits, but demand for high-quality dried fruits is increasing. To preserve the nutritional and sensory quality of fresh apricots, choosing the best drying technique is significant, and the most preferred technique is the reduction of moisture through convective drying. The aim of the paper was to compare the potential of the apricot cultivars “Magyar kajszi”, “Novosadska rodna”, “NS-4” and “NS-6” for dried fruit production by two-phase technology – combined osmotic and convective drying, as well as the profitability of apricot drying on small family farms. Cultivars “NS-4” and “Novosadska rodna” were found to be suitable for combined drying technology. The highest score in the sensory evaluation of the dried apricots was given to “NS-4”, and then to “Novosadska rodna”. The results indicate that the combined osmotic and convective drying of apricot rather than selling fresh fruits can be a profitable and important added value tool for small family farms

Morphological and anatomical characterisation and evaluation of a vineyard peach germplasm collection [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch]

Istraživanjima u okviru ove doktorske disertacije na osnovu većeg broja kvalitativnih i kvantitativnih osobina izvršena je morfološko-anatomska karakterizacija i evaluacija 75 genotipova vinogradarske breskve u okviru kolekcije oglednog dobra “Radmilovac”, Poljoprivrednog fakulteta u Beogradu. Istraživanja su obuhvatila i analizu varijabilnosti i korelacione povezanosti osobina, a sve u cilju izdvajanja perspektivnih genotipova sa akcentom na stonu potrošnju. Karakteristike fenofaze cvetanja i sazrevanja, anatomske karakteristike lista, broj zametnutih i ubranih plodova, biohemijski sastav ploda i organoleptička ocena svežih plodova utvrđeni su metodama standardnim za ovu vrstu istraživanja, dok su morfološke karakteristike pojedinih organa utvrđene merenjem ili ocenjivanjem pomoću UPOV i ECPGR deskriptora za breskvu. Ispitivana kolekcija vinogradarske breskve pokazala se kao značajan genofond sa visokim stepenom varijabilnosti osobina. Među ispitivanim genotipovima ispoljile su se veoma značajne razlike u pogledu vremena cvetanja i sazrevanja, bujnosti stabla, rodnosti, krupnoće i kvaliteta plodova. U ispitivanoj kolekciji genetička varijansa je dominirala u ukupnoj varijabilnosti vremena sazrevanja plodova kao i osobina stabla (visina stabla, visina krune, prečnik krune, visina debla, obim debla), grančice (dužina i debljina grančice), lista (dužina i širina liske, indeks oblika liske, površina liske), cveta (prečnik cveta, dužina i širina kruničnih listića, indeks oblika kruničnih listića, broj prašnika, dužina i širina antere, dužina tučka) i ploda (masa koštice, sadržaj rastvorljive suve materije, sadržaj ukupnih kiselina i ukupnih šećera, izgled ploda, ukus ploda i ukupna senzorna ocena). To znači da su ove osobine strogo ili u velikoj meri pod kontrolom genotipa i da kao takve predstavljaju merodavni prikaz ispitivane kolekcije, na osnovu kojih se može sa većom pouzdanošću vršiti dalja selekcija sa ciljem povećanja rodnosti i poboljšanja kvaliteta ploda...The research for this doctoral dissertation was based on a large number of qualitative and quantitative traits of the vineyard peach and it comprised morphological and anatomical characterization and evaluation of 75 vineyard peach genotypes within a collection of the “Radmilovac” Experimental Station of the Belgrade Faculty of Agriculture. The research also comprised the analysis of variability and correlation of traits in order to select prominent genotypes, particularly genotypes suitable for fresh consumption. Flowering and maturity traits, anatomic traits of peach leaves, fruit set and number of harvested fruits, biochemical composition and an organoleptic evaluation of fresh fruits were determined with standard methods for this type of research, whereas morphological traits of certain organs were determined after measuring or evaluation with UPOV and ECPGR descriptors for peach. The studied collection of the vineyard peach was proved to be a significant genepool with high variability of traits. Among the studied genotypes there were very significant differences in time of flowering and maturity, tree vigour, yielding, fruit size and quality. The genetic variance dominated the total variability of fruit maturity time, as well as tree traits (tree height, canopy height, canopy diameter, trunk height, trunk volume), traits of shoot (shoot length and thickness), leaf (leaf length and width, shape index, leaf area), flower (flower diameter, petal length and width, petal shape index, number of stamens, anther length and width, pistil length) and traits of fruit (stone weight, soluble dry matter content, total acids and total sugars, fruit appearance, taste and an overall sensory mark). It means that these traits are fully or to a large extent controlled by genotype. Hence they give a reliable overview of the collection, based on which further selection for better yields and better quality can be done more accurately..

Morphological and anatomical characterisation and evaluation of a vineyard peach germplasm collection [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch]

Istraživanjima u okviru ove doktorske disertacije na osnovu većeg broja kvalitativnih i kvantitativnih osobina izvršena je morfološko-anatomska karakterizacija i evaluacija 75 genotipova vinogradarske breskve u okviru kolekcije oglednog dobra “Radmilovac”, Poljoprivrednog fakulteta u Beogradu. Istraživanja su obuhvatila i analizu varijabilnosti i korelacione povezanosti osobina, a sve u cilju izdvajanja perspektivnih genotipova sa akcentom na stonu potrošnju. Karakteristike fenofaze cvetanja i sazrevanja, anatomske karakteristike lista, broj zametnutih i ubranih plodova, biohemijski sastav ploda i organoleptička ocena svežih plodova utvrđeni su metodama standardnim za ovu vrstu istraživanja, dok su morfološke karakteristike pojedinih organa utvrđene merenjem ili ocenjivanjem pomoću UPOV i ECPGR deskriptora za breskvu. Ispitivana kolekcija vinogradarske breskve pokazala se kao značajan genofond sa visokim stepenom varijabilnosti osobina. Među ispitivanim genotipovima ispoljile su se veoma značajne razlike u pogledu vremena cvetanja i sazrevanja, bujnosti stabla, rodnosti, krupnoće i kvaliteta plodova. U ispitivanoj kolekciji genetička varijansa je dominirala u ukupnoj varijabilnosti vremena sazrevanja plodova kao i osobina stabla (visina stabla, visina krune, prečnik krune, visina debla, obim debla), grančice (dužina i debljina grančice), lista (dužina i širina liske, indeks oblika liske, površina liske), cveta (prečnik cveta, dužina i širina kruničnih listića, indeks oblika kruničnih listića, broj prašnika, dužina i širina antere, dužina tučka) i ploda (masa koštice, sadržaj rastvorljive suve materije, sadržaj ukupnih kiselina i ukupnih šećera, izgled ploda, ukus ploda i ukupna senzorna ocena). To znači da su ove osobine strogo ili u velikoj meri pod kontrolom genotipa i da kao takve predstavljaju merodavni prikaz ispitivane kolekcije, na osnovu kojih se može sa većom pouzdanošću vršiti dalja selekcija sa ciljem povećanja rodnosti i poboljšanja kvaliteta ploda...The research for this doctoral dissertation was based on a large number of qualitative and quantitative traits of the vineyard peach and it comprised morphological and anatomical characterization and evaluation of 75 vineyard peach genotypes within a collection of the “Radmilovac” Experimental Station of the Belgrade Faculty of Agriculture. The research also comprised the analysis of variability and correlation of traits in order to select prominent genotypes, particularly genotypes suitable for fresh consumption. Flowering and maturity traits, anatomic traits of peach leaves, fruit set and number of harvested fruits, biochemical composition and an organoleptic evaluation of fresh fruits were determined with standard methods for this type of research, whereas morphological traits of certain organs were determined after measuring or evaluation with UPOV and ECPGR descriptors for peach. The studied collection of the vineyard peach was proved to be a significant genepool with high variability of traits. Among the studied genotypes there were very significant differences in time of flowering and maturity, tree vigour, yielding, fruit size and quality. The genetic variance dominated the total variability of fruit maturity time, as well as tree traits (tree height, canopy height, canopy diameter, trunk height, trunk volume), traits of shoot (shoot length and thickness), leaf (leaf length and width, shape index, leaf area), flower (flower diameter, petal length and width, petal shape index, number of stamens, anther length and width, pistil length) and traits of fruit (stone weight, soluble dry matter content, total acids and total sugars, fruit appearance, taste and an overall sensory mark). It means that these traits are fully or to a large extent controlled by genotype. Hence they give a reliable overview of the collection, based on which further selection for better yields and better quality can be done more accurately..

Characteristics of one-year-old shoots of peach hybrids from the crossing combination Flaminia × Hale Tardiva Spadoni

The results of two-year research (2011-2012) of the most important morphological characteristics of 1-year-old shoots in eight peach hybrids obtained from a crossing combination Flaminia × Hale Tardiva Spadoni were shown in this paper. The following characteristics were studied in tested hybrids: length and diameter of shoots, internode length, number of flowers and vegetative buds per shoot, ratio of flower to vegetative buds, number of flower buds per node and 1-m length of a shoot. The properties of sylleptic shoots on one-year-old shoots have also been studied. The significant differences were determined among the hybrids for parameters such as the diameter of shoots, internode length, number of flower and vegetative buds per shoot. Hybrids FH1 and FH6 were characterized by the highest density of flower buds, so that they are singled out as potentially the most yielding. These hybrids may be of interest for growing in areas where there is a risk of frost and in the domain of breeding when creating new peach cultivars of high yield potential. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. TR 31063: Primena novih genotipova i tehnoloških inovacija u cilju unapređenja voćarske i vinogradarske proizvodnje

Chemical Fingerprint and Kernel Quality Assessment in Different Grafting Combinations of Almond Under Stress Condition

The study was designed to investigate chemical composition and kernel quality of almond cultivars ‘Troito’, ‘Marcona’ and ‘Texas’ grafted on Myrobalan plum seedlings and ‘GF 677’ rootstock under drought stress. Oil content varied from 53.34% (‘Marcona’) to 58.11% (‘Texas’), and protein content was in a range from 17.36% (‘Texas’) to 23.02% (‘Troito’). ‘GF 677’ contributed to a higher content of oleic and lower content of linoleic acid during favourable conditions but had the opposite trend during drought. Regarding flavanols, the most abundant in all three cultivars was epigalocatechin, followed by catechin. From the results it is concluded that scions on ‘GF 677’ were better adapted to water stress conditions in comparison with Myrobalan plum seedlings as they had significantly higher kernel weight, kernel ratio, and yield per tree. Also, kernel quality attributes, contents of proteins, oleic acid, and oleic acid/linoleic acid ratio were higher, while the content of amandin decreased. Furthermore, an increase of flavanols (especially epigallocatechin gallate) on ‘GF 677’ could have led to the enhancement of drought tolerance. Besides the fact that water deficit decreased the majority of chemical components in almond kernels, the grafting combination ‘Texas’/’GF 677’ can be grown in drought conditions without significant loss of kernel quality.Supplementary material: [https://cherry.chem.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4082

Agro-morphological characterisation and evaluation of a Serbian vineyard peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] germplasm collection

Seventy-five vineyard peach [Priam persica (LJ Batsch] accessions, obtained by seed propagation and originating from different regions of Serbia, were characterized using a set of 39 agro-morphological traits. The evaluation was carried out over a 3-year period in a vineyard peach collection situated at the Radmilovac Experimental Station, owned by the Faculty of Agriculture, Belgrade University. To investigate diversity, descriptive statistics and multivariate analyses were used. Most studied traits showed high variability. The variability of descriptive traits was highly pronounced for fruit ground and flesh colour; regarding metric traits, the highest variation was recorded for trunk circumference, petal width, flower density, fruit set, fruit weight, sweetness index, fruit taste and fruit flavour. According to PCA, traits with high discriminating power were those related to flower type, colour and size, fruit size and presence of over colour, tree height, ripening time and fruit taste. The cluster analysis grouped accessions into three main clusters and a few sub-clusters. Agronomically important traits allowed a clear separation between the clusters, while morphological traits had almost no impact on this. This study provided information that is important for assessing the biodiversity of vineyard peach accessions, to develop guidelines useful for the description, classification and conservation of valuable local germplasm. Moreover, the phenotypic variability in the vineyard peach collection was found to be very high, suggesting there is extensive genetic diversity available for peach cultivar and rootstock breeding programs