The Impact of Political Marketing Communication via Facebook on Youth Political Participation in Morocco

Between proponents and detractors of the existence of a positive impact of marketing communication via social networks on youth political participation, the theory of connective action (Bennett and Iyengar, 2008) as well as the theory of attitudes (Fishbein and Ajzen, 2011) stipulate the existence of a positive impact on political participation behavior especially through digital social networks. Our objective is to put these theoretical contributions to the test in the Moroccan context. On the one hand, it is to analyze the perception of Moroccan political actors in relation to the political attitudes of youth. On the other hand, this research consists of evaluating the impact of marketing communication in the era of social networks on the political participation of Moroccan youth. In other words, has this communication campaign acted in favor of a positive change in the political attitudes of young people towards more political participation? This exploratory qualitative study is conducted with young political actors and marketing communication professionals in Morocco. Conducted over a two-month period during the last election campaign in September 2021, the 12 semi-structured interviews were subject to thematic analysis via NVivo 12. This study suggests the existence of a positive impact of marketing communication via social networks, particularly Facebook, on the political attitudes of young people in Morocco and consequently on their political participation. However, this political participation remains limited to online political participation.  In fact, marketing communication via social networks is a necessary but not sufficient condition to encourage and stimulate offline political participation behavior, particularly membership and effective engagement in political parties and voting. In fact, these participatory activities are considered highly engaging. Hence, permanent and interactive marketing communications are important. These results must be the subject of a confirmatory quantitative study in order to promote their generalization. Key words: Political marketing, marketing communication, social networks and political participation. JEL Classification : M3, M31, M37 Paper type: Empirical researchBetween proponents and detractors of the existence of a positive impact of marketing communication via social networks on youth political participation, the theory of connective action (Bennett and Iyengar, 2008) as well as the theory of attitudes (Fishbein and Ajzen, 2011) stipulate the existence of a positive impact on political participation behavior especially through digital social networks. Our objective is to put these theoretical contributions to the test in the Moroccan context. On the one hand, it is to analyze the perception of Moroccan political actors in relation to the political attitudes of youth. On the other hand, this research consists of evaluating the impact of marketing communication in the era of social networks on the political participation of Moroccan youth. In other words, has this communication campaign acted in favor of a positive change in the political attitudes of young people towards more political participation? This exploratory qualitative study is conducted with young political actors and marketing communication professionals in Morocco. Conducted over a two-month period during the last election campaign in September 2021, the 12 semi-structured interviews were subject to thematic analysis via NVivo 12. This study suggests the existence of a positive impact of marketing communication via social networks, particularly Facebook, on the political attitudes of young people in Morocco and consequently on their political participation. However, this political participation remains limited to online political participation.  In fact, marketing communication via social networks is a necessary but not sufficient condition to encourage and stimulate offline political participation behavior, particularly membership and effective engagement in political parties and voting. In fact, these participatory activities are considered highly engaging. Hence, permanent and interactive marketing communications are important. These results must be the subject of a confirmatory quantitative study in order to promote their generalization. Key words: Political marketing, marketing communication, social networks and political participation. JEL Classification : M3, M31, M37 Paper type: Empirical researc

Generalized Interval Valued Neutrosophic Graphs of First Type

In this paper, motivated by the notion of generalized single valued neutrosophic graphs of first type, we defined a new neutrosophic graphs named generalized interval valued neutrosophic graphs of first type (GIVNG1) and presented a matrix representation for it and studied few properties of this new concept. The concept of GIVNG1 is an extension of generalized fuzzy graphs (GFG1) and generalized single valued neutrosophic of first type (GSVNG1)

Seismic analysis of the zaouiat ait mellal twin tunnels of Agadir motorway (Morocco)

Proceeding of: Seventh International Congress 'Water, Waste and Environment" (EDE7-2019), Salé, Morocco, November 20-22, 2019Underground structures, such as tunnels, are vital for ensuring all kinds of transportation; and being buried under the surface makes them exposed to soil dynamics. Added to the moderate seismic activity in Morocco, the stability of tunnels is put to the test. This paper examines the interaction between the ZAM (Zaouit Ait Mellal ) twin tunnels between the cities of Marrakesh and Agadir, using the Difference Element Method provided by FLAC 2D software. The acceleration is introduced as the one related to the historic event of El centro 1940 with free-field boundary conditions in the numerical model, with three configurations: tunnel 1 without tunnel 2, tunnel 2 without tunnel 1 and tunnel 1 with tunnel 2. The results of the simulations indicate that the differences values of the maximum displacement, axial force and bending moment on structural elements are very noteworthy from the configuration of the tunnel (single) to the twin tunnels in order to prove the interaction between these latter under seismic loading

Special types of bipolar single valued neutrosophic graphs

Neutrosophic theory has many applications in graph theory, bipolar single valued neutrosophic graphs (BSVNGs) is the generalization of fuzzy graphs and intuitionistic fuzzy graphs, SVNGs. In this paper we introduce some types of BSVNGs, such as subdivision BSVNGs, middle BSVNGs, total BSVNGs and bipolar single valued neutrosophic line graphs (BSVNLGs), also investigate the isomorphism, co weak isomorphism and weak isomorphism properties of subdivision BSVNGs, middle BSVNGs, total BSVNGs and BSVNLGs

Laboratory Experiments on the Influence of the Wave Spectrum Enhancement Factor on a Rubble Mound Breakwater

This paper experimentally explored the influence of the wave spectrum shape variation on breakwater design. The energy spectrum function generally considered for the design of coastal structures is the JONSWAP spectrum. The laboratory results were therefore used to assess the impact of changing the spectrum shape parameter (PEF). We analysed armour stability and wave overtopping in a wave flume with a geometric similarity ratio of 1:30. The experimental results showed that the PEF has maximum influence on overtopping and wave pressures on the crown wall. For a PEF value of 3.3, overtopping was much higher (30% to 100% higher) than with a PEF of 1. Pressure on the crown wall was 20% higher with a PEF of 3.3 in comparison with that for a PEF equal to 1. The stability of the breakwater’s block armour is less sensitive to the PEF variation

Seismic analysis of the zaouiat ait mellal twin tunnels of Agadir motorway (Morocco)

Underground structures, such as tunnels, are vital for ensuring all kinds of transportation; and being buried under the surface makes them exposed to soil dynamics. Added to the moderate seismic activity in Morocco, the stability of tunnels is put to the test. This paper examines the interaction between the ZAM (Zaouit Ait Mellal) twin tunnels between the cities of Marrakesh and Agadir, using the Difference Element Method provided by FLAC 2D software. The acceleration is introduced as the one related to the historic event of El centro 1940 with free-field boundary conditions in the numerical model, with three configurations: tunnel 1 without tunnel 2, tunnel 2 without tunnel 1 and tunnel 1 with tunnel 2. The results of the simulations indicate that the differences values of the maximum displacement, axial force and bending moment on structural elements are very noteworthy from the configuration of the tunnel (single) to the twin tunnels in order to prove the interaction between these latter under seismic loading