Assessment of listing and categorisation of animal diseases within the framework of the Animal Health Law (Regulation (EU) No 2016/429):Trypanosoma evansi infections (including Surra)

Abstract Trypanosoma evansi infections (including Surra) have been assessed according to the criteria of the Animal Health Law (AHL), in particular criteria of Article 7 on disease profile and impacts, Article 5 on the eligibility of T. evansi infections (including Surra) to be listed, Article 9 for the categorisation of T. evansi infections (including Surra) according to disease prevention and control rules as in Annex IV and Article 8 on the list of animal species related to T. evansi infections (including Surra). The assessment has been performed following a methodology composed of information collection and compilation, expert judgement on each criterion at individual and, if no consensus was reached before, also at collective level. The output is composed of the categorical answer, and for the questions where no consensus was reached, the different supporting views are reported. Details on the methodology used for this assessment are explained in a separate opinion. According to the assessment performed, it is inconclusive whether T. evansi infections (including Surra) can be considered eligible to be listed for Union intervention as laid down in Article 5(3) of the AHL because there was no full consensus on the criterion 5 A(v). Consequently, the assessment on compliance of T. evansi infections (including Surra) with the criteria as in sections 4 and 5 of Annex IV of the AHL, for the application of the disease prevention and control rules referred to in points (d) and (e) of Article 9(1) is also inconclusive, as well as which animal species can be considered to be listed for T. evansi infections (including Surra) according to Article 8(3) of the AHL

Le dialogue interdisciplinaire vu à partir de la psychiatrie de liaison : développement et évolution

L'intérêt de cet article est de décrire le rôle de la psychiatrie dans le développement d'une pratique interdisciplinaire à l'hôpital général. Sous l'influence du regretté Pr L. Cassiers, cette expérience a été développée sous deux formes différentes, à l'Université Catholique de Louvain: le service de psychosomatique, aux Cliniques universitaires de Mont-Godinne, et l'unité de psychiatrie de liaison aux Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc. Après description de ce qui différencie ces deux disciplines, je me concentrerai sur l'expérience de psychiatrie de liaison. Cette unité continue à développer des pratiques interdisciplinaires, en fonction de ses capacités et de ses contraintes. Tenant compte du caractère dynamique et évolutif de ses collaborations, elle défend aussi l'établissement d'un dialogue permanent entre les services de soins somatiques et psychiques

Murine tumour necrosis factor plays a protective role during the initial phase of the experimental infection with Trypanosoma brucei brucei

Soluble extracts from salivarian trypanosomes (Trypanosoma brucei brucei, T. evansi and T. congolense) were shown to be capable of inducing murine tumour necrosis factor (mTNF) secretion, both in vivo and in vitro, whereas the soluble extract of an intracellular trypanosome (T. cruzi) failed to do so. Furthermore, the role of mTNF during the initial phase of experimental infections with T. brucei was studied by treating infected mice with mTNF-inducing trypanosoma soluble extract and with neutralizing monoclonal anti-mTNF antibodies. Treatment of the infected animals with different doses of T. brucei soluble extract resulted in a lower first parasitaemia peak (low lysate dose) and in a longer survival time or in a nearly total inhibition of parasite development (high lysate dose). Cotreatment of the infected mice with both anti-mTNF antibodies and a high dose of soluble extract completely restored the parasite development in both trypanosusceptible C3H/He mice and trypanosubtolerant CBA/Ca mice, indicating a protective role of mTNF during the parasitaemia. Collectively these results suggest a negative influence of mTNF on T. brucei development in vivo

Enjeux de la clinique psychiatrique dans le bilan préopératoire de la chirurgie de l'épilepsie = PSYCHIATRIC CHALLENGES FOR PREOPERATIVE EVALUATION OF EPILEPSY'S SURGERY

La chirurgie de l'épilepsie est devenue une alternative de choix dans le traitement de l'épilepsie pharmaco-résistante. Elle permet d'améliorer le confort de vie du patient épileptique mais aussi de réduire les répercussions majeures qui l'accompagnent, parmi lesquelles la comorbidité psychiatrique. Les liens entre psychiatrie et épilepsie sont très largement documentés, liens qui peuvent perdurer au-delà de l'intervention chirurgicale. C'est ce constat qui fonde l'indication d'un examen psychiatrique dans le bilan préopératoire relatif à la chirurgie de l'épilepsie. Cet article a pour vocation de décrire les enjeux et la nature de cet examen psychiatrique préopératoire, au travers d'une revue de la littérature scientifique qui s'y rapporte. II tentera enfin de l'illustrer par la présentation d'une vignette clinique

Expression of RoTat 1.2 cross-reactive variable antigen type in Trypanosoma evansi and T. equiperdum

The variable antigen type (VAT) RoTat 1.2 has been cloned from a T. evansi strain, isolated in 1982 from a water buffalo in Indonesia. All T. evansi isolates hitherto tested express this VAT. In a study on the differential diagnosis of T. equiperdum and T. evansi in horses, we investigated serological evidence for the expression of RoTat 1.2 in 11 T. evansi and six T. equiperdum populations originating from Asia, Europe, Africa, and the Americas. Preinfection sera and sera of days 7, 14, 25, and 35 post-infection (p.i.) were analyzed for the presence of antibodies reactive with RoTat 1.2 in immune trypanolysis, ELISA/T. evansi and CATT/T. evansi. Within the duration of the experiment, all rabbits infected with T. evansi became positive in the three serological tests. Five out of six rabbits infected with T. equiperdum also became positive in the three tests. Only one T. equiperdum strain (the OVI strain from South Africa) did not induce the production of antibodies reactive with RoTat 1.2 and thus might not contain or express a VSG that shares epitopes similar to those on the RoTat 1.2 VSG. The data lead to the conclusion that T. equiperdum can express VSGs containing epitopes serologically similar to those in the T. evansi RoTat 1.2 VAT. This explains, in part, why the antibody detection tests based on Ro Tat 1.2 VSG cannot reliably distinguish between the infections caused by T. evansi and those caused by T. equiperdum. There are no data that contradict the possibility that the putative T. equiperdum strains, which express VSGs with epitopes similar to those on RoTat 1.2, are actually T. evansi.<br/