Evapotranspiración y balance energético de un cultivo de soja en la región semiárida de Buenos Aires (Argentina)

Cargnel, M. D. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía. Buenos Aires, Argentina.Orchansky, A. L. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Agronomía. Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina.Brevedan, R. E. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Agronomía. Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina.Baioni, S. S. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Agronomía. Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires´, Argentina.Fioretti, M. N. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Agronomía. Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina.181-189Two field experiments were carried out in a semiarid region of Argentina over a soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) field. The sites of study were San Adolfo (39˚ 23’ S, 62˚ 22’ W, 22 m.a.s.l.) and Nueva Roma (38˚ 29’ S, 62˚ 39’ W, 70 m.a.s.l.). Soybeans were planted on Jan 4 (San Adolfo) and Nov 27 (Nueva Roma) in 0.75 m wide rows and at 400000 pl/ha during two consecutive growing seasons. Energy balance and evapotranspiration (ET) were estimated during the reproductive stages from full bloom (R2) to full maturity (R8). In Nueva Roma ET or latent heat flux (LE) was estimated using the Bowen ratio-energy balance (BREB) (LEb) and the Priestley -Taylor equation (LEPT) with αPT=1.26, 48 h after irrigation or rain. Both methods could be used to predict ET since the ratio LEb/LEPT ranged between 0.83 and 0.95. The observed Bowen ratio values were almost 0 during and after rain and increased to approximately 0.45 several days after rain. In San Adolfo LE was estimating using the Priestley -Taylor equation. For both sites the regression analysis for comparison available energy (Rn-G) and LE using BREB or LEPT indicated that, approximately 90% of the available energy was consumed by LE without detecting significative advective conditions

Evapotranspiración y balance energético de un cultivo de soja en la región semiárida de Buenos Aires (Argentina)

Cargnel, M. D. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía. Buenos Aires, Argentina.Orchansky, A. L. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Agronomía. Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina.Brevedan, R. E. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Agronomía. Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina.Baioni, S. S. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Agronomía. Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires´, Argentina.Fioretti, M. N. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Agronomía. Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina.181-189Two field experiments were carried out in a semiarid region of Argentina over a soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) field. The sites of study were San Adolfo (39˚ 23’ S, 62˚ 22’ W, 22 m.a.s.l.) and Nueva Roma (38˚ 29’ S, 62˚ 39’ W, 70 m.a.s.l.). Soybeans were planted on Jan 4 (San Adolfo) and Nov 27 (Nueva Roma) in 0.75 m wide rows and at 400000 pl/ha during two consecutive growing seasons. Energy balance and evapotranspiration (ET) were estimated during the reproductive stages from full bloom (R2) to full maturity (R8). In Nueva Roma ET or latent heat flux (LE) was estimated using the Bowen ratio-energy balance (BREB) (LEb) and the Priestley -Taylor equation (LEPT) with αPT=1.26, 48 h after irrigation or rain. Both methods could be used to predict ET since the ratio LEb/LEPT ranged between 0.83 and 0.95. The observed Bowen ratio values were almost 0 during and after rain and increased to approximately 0.45 several days after rain. In San Adolfo LE was estimating using the Priestley -Taylor equation. For both sites the regression analysis for comparison available energy (Rn-G) and LE using BREB or LEPT indicated that, approximately 90% of the available energy was consumed by LE without detecting significative advective conditions

Inclusive education: choice and rejection among students

This work reports a research about inclusive education which objective was to verify if there are differences in preferences and rejections made by students considered as an inclusive status by the schools and their classmates, as well as the reasons for the preferences and rejections. A Proximity Scale has been built among the students and was applied in two classrooms: in a public school (one student considered in an inclusive status) and in a private school (three students considered in an inclusive status). It was observed that there was no difference among students, in both classes, regarding the frequency of choice or rejection and the reasons therefore. Reasons presented for choosing or not choosing classmates for school assignments denote an ideal of productivity and competitive relations. In social relations like playing or visiting classmates, being cool or friendly was appreciated.Este artigo relata pesquisa sobre educação inclusiva; teve como objetivos comparar escolhas e rejeições dos alunos considerados em situação de inclusão pelas escolas com seus colegas e os motivos para essas escolhas e rejeições. Construiu-se uma Escala de Proximidade entre alunos, que foi aplicada em duas classes: uma do ensino público (um aluno considerado em situação de inclusão) e outra do ensino particular (três alunos considerados em situação de inclusão). Observou-se que não houve diferenças entre os dois grupos de alunos, em ambas as classes, no que se refere à frequência de escolha ou rejeição e em relação aos motivos. Os motivos dados para escolher ou não colegas para a execução de tarefas escolares denotam um ideal de produtividade e relações de competição; quanto às relações sociais como brincar ou ir à casa do colega, valorizou-se ser legal e amigo.Universidade de São PauloUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Secretaria da Saúde do Estado de São PauloUNIFESPSciEL

Genetic analysis of human and swine influenza A viruses isolated in Northern Italy during 2010–2015

Summary Influenza A virus (IAV) infection in swine plays an important role in the ecology of influenza viruses. The emergence of new IAVs comes through different mechanisms, with the genetic reassortment of genes between influenza viruses, also originating from different species, being common. We performed a genetic analysis on 179 IAV isolates from humans (n. 75) and pigs (n. 104) collected in Northern Italy between 2010 and 2015, to monitor the genetic exchange between human and swine IAVs. No cases of human infection with swine strains were noticed, but direct infections of swine with H1N1pdm09 strains were detected. Moreover, we pointed out a continuous circulation of H1N1pdm09 strains in swine populations evidenced by the introduction of internal genes of this subtype. These events contribute to generating new viral variants—possibly endowed with pandemic potential—and emphasize the importance of continuous surveillance at both animal and human level

Estimating canine cancer incidence: Findings from a population-based tumour registry in northwestern Italy

Background: Canine cancer registry data can be put to good use in epidemiological studies. Quantitative comparison of tumour types may reveal unusual cancer frequencies, providing directions for research and generation of hypotheses of cancer causation in a specific area, and suggest leads for identifying risk factors. Here we report canine cancer incidence rates calculated from a population-based registry in an area without any known specific environmental hazard. Results: In its 90 months of operation from 2001 to 2008 (the observation period in this study), the population-based Piedmont Canine Cancer Registry collected data on 1175 tumours confirmed by histopathological diagnosis. The incidence rate was 804 per 100,000 dog-years for malignant tumours and 897 per 100,000 dog-years for benign tumours. Higher rates for all cancers were observed in purebred dogs, particularly in Yorkshire terrier and Boxer. The most prevalent malignant neoplasms were cutaneous mastocytoma and hemangiopericytoma, and mammary gland complex carcinoma and simplex carcinoma. Conclusions: The Piedmont canine cancer registry is one of few of its kind whose operations have been consistently supported by long-term public funding. The registry-based cancer incidence rates were estimated with particular attention to the validity of data collection, thus minimizing the potential for bias. The findings on cancer incidence rates may provide a reliable reference for comparison studies. Researches conducted on dogs, used as sentinels for community exposure to environmental carcinogens, can be useful to detect excess risks in the incidence of malignant tumours in the human population

Evaluating susceptibility of karst dolines (sinkholes) for collapse in Sango, Tennessee, USA

Dolines or sinkholes are earth depressions that develop in soluble rocks complexes such as limestone, dolomite, gypsum, anhydrite, and halite; dolines appear in a variety of shapes from nearly circular to complex structures with highly curved perimeters. The occurrence of dolines in the studied karst area is not random; they are the results of geomorphic, hydrologic and chemical processes that have caused partial subsidence, even total collapse of the land surface, when voids and caves are present in the bedrock and the regolith arch overbridging these voids is unstable. In the study area, the majority of collapses occur in the regolith (bedrock cover) that bridges voids in the bedrock. Because these collapsing dolines can damage property and cause even the loss of lives, there is a need to develop methods for evaluating karst hazards; such methods can be used by planners and practitioners for urban and economic development, especially in regions with a growing population. The purpose of this project is threefold: 1) to develop a karst feature database, 2) to investigate critical indicators associated with doline collapse, and 3) to design a doline susceptibility model for potential doline collapse based on external morphometric data. The study revealed the presence of short range spatial dependence in the distribution of the dolines’ morphometric parameters such as circularity, geographic orientation of the main doline axes and the length-to-width doline ratios; therefore, geostatistics can be used to spatially evaluate the susceptibility of the karst area for doline collapse using the probability of occurrence of these critical parameters. The partial susceptibility estimates were combined into final spatial probabilities enabling the identification of areas where undetected dolines may cause significant hazards