Land Grant Application- Bailey, John (Vassalboro)

Land grant application submitted to the Maine Land Office on behalf of John Bailey for service in the Revolutionary War, by their widow Abigail.https://digitalmaine.com/revolutionary_war_me_land_office/1048/thumbnail.jp

Comparing Measures of Physical Activity Intensity, Duration, and Frequency Using Receiver Operator Characteristic Curve Analyses

The United States Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) recommends adults to engage in weekly moderate- or vigorous-intensity physical activity based on its association with various physical and psychological health benefits (HHS, 2008; Schoenborn, Adams, & Peregoy, 2013). These physical activity recommendations contain important information for three physical activity components: intensity, frequency, and duration. The current physical activity literature contains gaps, with a lack of specificity for which components are being studied. Although some of the literature does describe the physical activity components, there are many discrepancies in the level of agreement across subjective and objective measures, along with the same basic analyses being utilized across studies. With data from 56 adults (Mage = 43.2, SD= 16.5), receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were conducted for two weeks’ data to assess the agreement between a one-week recall questionnaire, daily diary accounts, and accelerometer data for the three physical activity components (intensity, frequency, and duration). For intensity and duration of physical activity, the worst agreement existed between the accelerometer and questionnaire, with the area under the curve (AUC) indicating chance agreement at best (AUC = 0.447-0.598); the accelerometer and daily diary measures generally exhibited chance-to-poor agreement (AUC = 0.331-0.671); and the daily diary and questionnaire showed the largest range from chance-to-good agreement (AUC = 0.482-0.794). The strongest agreement was shown for frequency of physical activity, especially for mild-intensity physical activity (AUC = 0.836) at Week 2. Across moderate-to-vigorous-, mild-, and sedentary-intensity behaviors, participants experienced the worst agreement for sedentary behaviors (AUC = 0.331-0.686), with most of the sedentary-specific intensity, frequency, and duration AUC scores showing chance agreement. The current study significantly expands and adds to the literature by focusing on all three physical activity components across moderate-to-vigorous-, mild-, and sedentary-intensity activities, as well as utilizing advanced analyses to assess the agreement between two subjective measures and one objective measure. The findings highlight the importance of educating adults about the physical activity components, different intensities, and methods of tracking and reporting activity

Genetic and morphometric variation of two focal snapper species (Lutjanus bohar and Lutjanus gibbus) in the Chagos Archipelago

Genetic and morphological variation were investigated for two snapper species: two-spotted snapper (Lutjanus bohar) and humpback red snapper (Lutjanus gibbus), at four atolls (Diego Garcia, Egmont, Peros Banhos and Salomon) within the Chagos Archipelago in the Indian Ocean. This is an area which has some of the most undisturbed and remote corals on earth, and is therefore an ideal location for understanding how species within reef communities might adapt to environmental change and degradation. Three separate approaches were used to carry out this investigation: 43 individual L. bohar were screened for genetic variation at the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (CO1) mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) gene. Results show overall high mtDNA diversity for the populations, but low nucleotide divergence between haplotypes. The species constitutes a well-mixed population with a ubiquitous, predominant haplotype, shared by 51% of specimens. 129 L. bohar and 101 L. gibbus individuals were assessed for morphometric (size and shape) variability. A significant difference in mean size for both lutjanid species was detected between Diego Garcia and each of the three other atolls. For both species, smallest individuals were found at Diego Garcia, where recreational fishing has depleted fish biomass in general and may have also directly impacted the abundance of large lutjanids. Variations in shape (weight, circumference and body depth, relative to fork length) between locations were not statistically significant when collinearity was accounted for. 118 L. bohar and 69 L. gibbus were selected for population structure analysis using a next-generation sequencing RAD-seq approach. A genomic analysis of population structure was carried out using genome wide SNP markers. Weak population structure was detected between all atolls, for both species (Fst 0.001-0.009) indicating good genetic connectivity among lutjanids throughout the Chagos Archipelago. The combined findings of this research are consistent with the hypothesis that there is little population structure for L. bohar and L. gibbus within the Chagos Archipelago and that populations are well connected. As a result, both species are likely to be genetically homogenous throughout the geographic region. The fact that morphometric variation between atolls was restricted to differences in size indicates a plastic response to food availability rather than an evolutionary adaptive response. This research represents the first comparison of genetic and morphometric variation amongst two focal snapper species in the Chagos Archipelago

Social Distancing in the Context of COVID-19 Anxiety: A Social Cognitive Approach

As the impact of COVID-19 continues, engagement in social distancing is essential. Using Social Cognitive Theory, the current study examined the unique roles of COVID-19 anxiety and self-efficacy on the relationships between information-seeking and risk perception as predictors of social distancing intention. A convenience sample of 960 adults (M = 37.81 years, SD = 11.65) completed an author-designed online survey. Participants completed measures on behavioral intention, information-seeking, risk perception, COVID-19 anxiety, and self-efficacy. Moderated mediations examined the theoretically proposed relationships among the variables. COVID-19 anxiety moderated the relationship between risk perception and self-efficacy, but not the association between information-seeking and self-efficacy. Self-efficacy mediated the role of risk perception and information-seeking on behavioral intent. Self-efficacy was strongly associated with social distancing intention, consistent with previous research and underscoring the need to identify factors influencing self-efficacy in the context of a pandemic. Risk perception and information-seeking both directly and indirectly related to intention to social distance, with COVID-19 anxiety dampening the influence of perceived risk on self-efficacy. The roles of risk perception and information-seeking in relation to self-efficacy suggest the need to adequately describe risk, reduce pandemic-related anxiety, and provide accurate, transparent information

Sensory Rooms in Schools

What are school staff\u27s (teachers, related service providers, administrators, etc.) perceptions of the utilization and efficacy of sensory rooms to support student participation in education? This study aimed to contribute to increasing the knowledge base of effective sensory room use in the school-based context. Majority of the respondents were special education teachers and school-based OTs, but according to literature, OTs should have the largest role. There was vast diversity with how the rooms were used and what equipment/supplies were within the room (most for unplanned purposes). Responses were largely positive for the impact on student behavior/emotional regulation. 15 out of 20 respondents reported that their school has set policies/procedures. Changes have occurred in the past 10 years because literature previously stated no policies/procedures were typically in place

An Up-Close Look at Student-Centered Math Teaching: A Study of Highly Regarded High School Teachers and Their Students - Executive Summary

Today, far too many students see mathematics as a subject to be endured, rather than a subject of real-world importance and personal value. That doesn't have to be the case. When teachers use student-centered techniques to engage studentsin more active and authentic ways, they can transform math classrooms into lively learning environments in which studentstake charge of their own learning, collaborate with others, persist in solving complex problems, and make meaningfulconnections to the world around them. Through such experiences, students may come to appreciate mathematics as adiscipline that enriches their lives and their understanding of the world.While a growing body of research supports many of the principles of student-centered instruction, there is still a great dealto learn about how such approaches enhance student learning in mathematics. Recent calls for strengthening the STEMworkforce and for more rigorous K-12 standards via the Common Core State Standards have placed increased emphasison developing higher-order thinking and problem-solving skills in high school mathematics, heightening the need for moreinformation about how teachers can effectively engage students with math content.The American Institutes of Research (AIR), with support from the Nellie Mae Education Foundation, conducted a study ofhighly regarded high school math teachers to expand the research base in two important ways. First, rather than assumingstudent-centered instruction is a monolithic construct, the team used a case study approach to provide rich descriptions ofhow the approach plays out in several classrooms, taking into account how teachers' personal philosophy and the school'sinstructional context might influence their practice. The case study also provided insights into students' perspectives on different approaches to mathematics instruction. Second, the researchers look across a larger sample of classrooms to determine the effects of varying degrees of student-centeredness on students' engagement with learning and their problem-solving skills.This brief offers highlights from the study's design and findings. Readers are encouraged to access the full paper for more details

Women\u27s Rights in Iran

Women in Iran are not allowed representation in government and do not have legal rights in many aspects. According to studies, Iranian women lack rights regarding family matters and are required to wear a hijab or face prison time. They have little protection from violence including capital and corporal punishments, which are still used on women who defy these policies in Iran. These rules and policies are actively put in place by religious views and power-starved individuals. This raises the question of what has to happen for a woman to be provided with the necessary rights that she deserves as an individual. The study seeks to assess if these women will be able to reach their full potential as members of society when given their proper rights

Longitudinal Effects of Subjective Aging on Health and Longevity:An Updated Meta-Analysis

This article updates and extends an earlier meta-analysis (Westerhof et al., 2014) on the longitudinal effects of subjective aging (SA) on health outcomes. A systematic search in different databases (APA PsycInfo, PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus) resulted in 99 articles, reporting on 107 studies. Participants: Studies had a median sample size of 1,863 adults with a median age of 66 years. A randomized effect meta-analysis showed a significant, small effect (likelihood ratio = 1.347; 95% confidence interval [1.300, 1.396]; p &lt;.001), similar in magnitude to the previous meta-analysis of 19 studies. Although the results showed high heterogeneity in the longitudinal link between SA and health outcomes, there were no differences in effects according to chronological age of participants, welfare state status (more or less developed social security system), length of follow-up, type of health-related outcome, or quality of the study. Effects were stronger for multiitem measures of self-perceptions of aging than for the frequently used single-item measures assessing subjective age, especially for indicators of physical health. Based on this meta-analysis, building on five times more studies than the 2014 review, we consider the associations of measures of SA with health and longevity across time as robust, albeit small in size. Future research should concentrate on the clarification of pathways mediating the relation between SA and health outcomes, as well as potential bidirectional effects.</p

Development of directed global inhibition, competitive inhibition and behavioural inhibition during the transition between infancy and toddlerhood.

Inhibitory control (IC) is a core executive function integral to self-regulation and cognitive control, yet is itself multi-componential. Directed global inhibition entails stopping an action on demand. Competitive inhibition is engaged when an alternative response must also be produced. Related, but not an executive function, is temperamentally-driven wariness of novelty, known as behavioural inhibition. Understanding early development of these components has been hampered by a shortage of suitable measures. We combine established and novel measures to capture directed global inhibition (Toy Prohibition, Touchscreen Prohibition), competitive inhibition (A-not-B, Early Childhood Inhibitory Touchscreen Task; ECITT) and behavioural inhibition (Touchscreen Approach) in 113 10- and 16-month-olds (73 seen longitudinally). ECITT performance shows good 1-week test-retest reliability at 10-months (r = 0.30-0.60) but little stability to 16-months. Directed global inhibition performance shows developmental progression but little stability of individual differences from 10 to 16 months. Performance on measures targeting similar IC components shows greater coherence at 16-months (r = 0.23-0.59) compared with 10-months (r = 0.09-0.35). Probing of ECITT condition effects indicates toddlers are more able, compared with infants, to override immediate prepotencies; indicative of increasingly flexible control over behaviour. However, exerting IC over cumulative prepotencies appears just as challenging for toddlers as infants. Exploratory analyses show little evidence for cross-sectional or longitudinal associations between behavioural, directed global and competitive inhibition. In combination, these findings indicate that IC is not yet a stable, unidimensional construct during the transition between infancy and toddlerhood, and highlight the need for careful selection of multiple measures for those interested in capturing early variation in IC