Evaluación de la eficacia de la actividad de Meliloti Rhizobium sobre las propiedades cuantitativas de la alfalfa por inoculación bacteriana en el sudeste de Irán

Con el fin de investigar el efecto de la inoculación bacteriana en el rendimiento, el contenido de clorofila y proteína de la alfalfa para obtener productos experimentales económicos en el Centro de Capacitación Agrícola Shahid Zande Rouh en Kerman como una parcela dividida en el tiempo basado en un diseño de bloques completamente al azar con cuatro repeticiones en el Terreno que no se había hecho antes, se hizo. La inoculación bacteriana se realizó en tres niveles (Rhizobium meliluti, Rhizobium leguminasarum y sin inoculación como control). La inoculación bacteriana tuvo un efecto significativo en todos los rasgos estudiados y provocó un aumento en el contenido de clorofila, rendimiento y porcentaje de proteína. En términos de peso del forraje fresco, el primer y tercer cultivo tuvieron el mayor rendimiento con la aplicación de Rhizobium meliloti (6 toneladas por hectárea). El mayor porcentaje de proteína relacionado con la inoculación de Rhizobium meliloti se observó en el segundo Picking. Según los resultados de este estudio, la inoculación con la bacteria Rhizobium meliloti aumenta la capacidad de fijación de nitrógeno de 3 a 4 veces en comparación con el control y mejoró los rasgos de alfalfa del cultivar Bami en el sureste de Irán

Evaluación de la eficacia de la actividad de Meliloti Rhizobium sobre las propiedades cuantitativas de la alfalfa por inoculación bacteriana en el sudeste de Irán

In order to investigate the effect of bacterial inoculation on yield, chlorophyll and protein content of alfalfa to obtain economically experimental products in Shahid Zande Rouh Agricultural Training Center in Kerman as a split plot in time based on a completely randomized block design with four replications on the ground Which had not been done before, was done. Bacterial inoculation was at three levels (Rhizobium meliluti, Rhizobium leguminasarum and no inoculation as a control). Bacterial inoculation had a significant effect on all studied traits and caused an increase in chlorophyll content, yield and protein percentage. In terms of fresh forage weight, the first and third crops had the highest yield with the application of Rhizobium meliloti (6 tons per hectare). The highest percentage of protein related to inoculation of Rhizobium meliloti was observed in the second Picking. According to the results of this study, inoculation with Rhizobium meliloti bacteria increases the ability of nitrogen fixation 3 to 4 times compared to the control and improved the alfalfa traits of Bami cultivar in southeastern Iran.Con el fin de investigar el efecto de la inoculación bacteriana en el rendimiento, el contenido de clorofila y proteína de la alfalfa para obtener productos experimentales económicos en el Centro de Capacitación Agrícola Shahid Zande Rouh en Kerman como una parcela dividida en el tiempo basado en un diseño de bloques completamente al azar con cuatro repeticiones en el Terreno que no se había hecho antes, se hizo. La inoculación bacteriana se realizó en tres niveles (Rhizobium meliluti, Rhizobium leguminasarum y sin inoculación como control). La inoculación bacteriana tuvo un efecto significativo en todos los rasgos estudiados y provocó un aumento en el contenido de clorofila, rendimiento y porcentaje de proteína. En términos de peso del forraje fresco, el primer y tercer cultivo tuvieron el mayor rendimiento con la aplicación de Rhizobium meliloti (6 toneladas por hectárea). El mayor porcentaje de proteína relacionado con la inoculación de Rhizobium meliloti se observó en el segundo Picking. Según los resultados de este estudio, la inoculación con la bacteria Rhizobium meliloti aumenta la capacidad de fijación de nitrógeno de 3 a 4 veces en comparación con el control y mejoró los rasgos de alfalfa del cultivar Bami en el sureste de Irán

The effects of Ropivacaine and its Combination with Dexmedetomidine and Dexamethasone on Neural Apoptosis

Background: Neurotoxicity effects of anesthetics in different age groups is a major concern regarding neural injuries. It is reasonable to recognize the neurotoxicity risks of anesthetic drugs and their combinations. Materials and Methods: A total of 16 mice (Mus musculus) weighing 22 to 30 gr were randomly divided into four drug groups (control, Ropivacaine, Ropivacaine + Dexmedetomidine, Ropivacaine + Dexamethasone). 24 hours after unilateral injection of drugs into the femoral nerve of mice, the mice were killed and their femoral nerve was removed. Hematoxylin-eosin tissue staining was used to evaluate changes in the effects of the drugs, and nerve samples were extracted to measure TLR4 and caspase 3 expressions. After Western blotting, the protein expression level was checked between different groups. Results: Ropivacaine in combination with dexamethasone caused less damage to the rat nerve cells. The combination of ropivacaine with dexamethasone (p=0.53 and p=0.46) compared to the combination of ropivacaine with dexmedetomidine relatively had better results in terms of cytotoxicity. Conclusion: A combination of ropivacaine with dexamethasone reduces neurotoxicity risk

Effect of bupivacaine and combination with dexmedetomidine and dexamethasone on mice neural apoptosis

Background: Numerous studies have shown the neurotoxicity of anesthetic substances in different age groups. This toxicity is often associated with damage or apoptosis of nerve cells that can lead to various diseases, including Alzheimer's, behavioral changes and transient and even persistent cognitive changes. In this study, it was attempted to evaluate the cytotoxic conditions following the use of three common anesthetic drugs (bupivacaine, dexmedetomidine and dexamethasone) by providing a suitable substrate.Methods and Materials: Mice (Mus musculus) with the same weight (22 to 30 gr) were used for assessment of neurotoxicity in Bupivacaine, Dexmedetomidine and Dexamethasone. Unilateral femoral nerve injections were done; animals were randomly divided into four groups: control, bupivacaine alone, "bupivacaine + dexmedetomidine" and "bupivacaine + dexamethasone". After 24 hours, the mice were sacrificed and the femoral nerve removed. Hematoxylin-eosin tissue staining was used to evaluate changes in the effects of the drugs, and nerve samples were extracted to assess the expression of TLR4 and caspase3. Protein expression level was checked between different groups using Western blot technique.Results: The bupivacaine + dexamethasone group showed better outcomes in terms of cytotoxicity than bupivacaine + dexmedetomidine (p=0.568); also, bupivacaine + dexamethasone reduced neurotoxicity risk (P=0.431).Conclusion: Bupivacaine+dexamethasone leeds to better outcomes in terms of neurotoxicity compared with bupivacaine+dexmedetomidine

Giant Strain and Induced Ferroelectricity in Amorphous BaTiO3 Films under Poling

We report an effect of giant surface modification of a 5.6 nm thick BaTiO3 film grown on Si (100) substrate under poling by conductive tip of a scanning probe microscope (SPM). The surface can be locally elevated by about 9 nm under −20 V applied during scanning, resulting in the maximum strain of 160%. The threshold voltage for the surface modification is about 12 V. The modified topography is stable enough with time and slowly decays after poling with the rate ~0.02 nm/min. Strong vertical piezoresponse after poling is observed, too. Combined measurements by SPM and piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) prove that the poled material develops high ferroelectric polarization that cannot be switched back even under an oppositely oriented electric field. The topography modification is hypothesized to be due to a strong Joule heating and concomitant interface reaction between underlying Si and BaTiO3. The top layer is supposed to become ferroelectric as a result of local crystallization of amorphous BaTiO3. This work opens up new possibilities to form nanoscale ferroelectric structures useful for various applications

Effect of Intermediate-Dose vs Standard-Dose Prophylactic Anticoagulation on Thrombotic Events, Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Treatment, or Mortality among Patients with COVID-19 Admitted to the Intensive Care Unit: The INSPIRATION Randomized Clinical Trial

Importance: Thrombotic events are commonly reported in critically ill patients with COVID-19. Limited data exist to guide the intensity of antithrombotic prophylaxis. Objective: To evaluate the effects of intermediate-dose vs standard-dose prophylactic anticoagulation among patients with COVID-19 admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). Design, Setting, and Participants: Multicenter randomized trial with a 2 � 2 factorial design performed in 10 academic centers in Iran comparing intermediate-dose vs standard-dose prophylactic anticoagulation (first hypothesis) and statin therapy vs matching placebo (second hypothesis; not reported in this article) among adult patients admitted to the ICU with COVID-19. Patients were recruited between July 29, 2020, and November 19, 2020. The final follow-up date for the 30-day primary outcome was December 19, 2020. Interventions: Intermediate-dose (enoxaparin, 1 mg/kg daily) (n = 276) vs standard prophylactic anticoagulation (enoxaparin, 40 mg daily) (n = 286), with modification according to body weight and creatinine clearance. The assigned treatments were planned to be continued until completion of 30-day follow-up. Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary efficacy outcome was a composite of venous or arterial thrombosis, treatment with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, or mortality within 30 days, assessed in randomized patients who met the eligibility criteria and received at least 1 dose of the assigned treatment. Prespecified safety outcomes included major bleeding according to the Bleeding Academic Research Consortium (type 3 or 5 definition), powered for noninferiority (a noninferiority margin of 1.8 based on odds ratio), and severe thrombocytopenia (platelet count <20 �103/µL). All outcomes were blindly adjudicated. Results: Among 600 randomized patients, 562 (93.7) were included in the primary analysis (median interquartile range age, 62 50-71 years; 237 42.2% women). The primary efficacy outcome occurred in 126 patients (45.7%) in the intermediate-dose group and 126 patients (44.1%) in the standard-dose prophylaxis group (absolute risk difference, 1.5% 95% CI,-6.6% to 9.8%; odds ratio, 1.06 95% CI, 0.76-1.48; P =.70). Major bleeding occurred in 7 patients (2.5%) in the intermediate-dose group and 4 patients (1.4%) in the standard-dose prophylaxis group (risk difference, 1.1% 1-sided 97.5% CI,-� to 3.4%; odds ratio, 1.83 1-sided 97.5% CI, 0.00-5.93), not meeting the noninferiority criteria (P for noninferiority >.99). Severe thrombocytopenia occurred only in patients assigned to the intermediate-dose group (6 vs 0 patients; risk difference, 2.2% 95% CI, 0.4%-3.8%; P =.01). Conclusions and Relevance: Among patients admitted to the ICU with COVID-19, intermediate-dose prophylactic anticoagulation, compared with standard-dose prophylactic anticoagulation, did not result in a significant difference in the primary outcome of a composite of adjudicated venous or arterial thrombosis, treatment with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, or mortality within 30 days. These results do not support the routine empirical use of intermediate-dose prophylactic anticoagulation in unselected patients admitted to the ICU with COVID-19. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04486508. © 2021 American Medical Association. All rights reserved

Redistribution of implanted Arsenic (AS) on the rate of oxide growth during steam oxidation of Si

In this article, we investigate the redistribution of implanted As+ ion and effect of it on the rate of oxide growth during steam oxidation of Si wafers at 900oC. Our results show that a highly enriched, thin layer of Arsenic forms at the interface between the oxide and the underlying Si. Also, the oxidation rate was found to increase depending on the depth distribution and dose of the implanted impurity As. The thin As layer collected at the interface can be used in the design of shallow junctions. Rutherford Backscattering Spectroscopy(RBS) was used to investigate the oxide characteristics

Evaluación de la eficacia de la actividad de Meliloti Rhizobium sobre las propiedades cuantitativas de la alfalfa por inoculación bacteriana en el sudeste de Irán

In order to investigate the effect of bacterial inoculation on yield, chlorophyll and protein content of alfalfa to obtain economically experimental products in Shahid Zande Rouh Agricultural Training Center in Kerman as a split plot in time based on a completely randomized block design with four replications on the ground Which had not been done before, was done. Bacterial inoculation was at three levels (Rhizobium meliluti, Rhizobium leguminasarum and no inoculation as a control). Bacterial inoculation had a significant effect on all studied traits and caused an increase in chlorophyll content, yield and protein percentage. In terms of fresh forage weight, the first and third crops had the highest yield with the application of Rhizobium meliloti (6 tons per hectare). The highest percentage of protein related to inoculation of Rhizobium meliloti was observed in the second Picking. According to the results of this study, inoculation with Rhizobium meliloti bacteria increases the ability of nitrogen fixation 3 to 4 times compared to the control and improved the alfalfa traits of Bami cultivar in southeastern Iran.Con el fin de investigar el efecto de la inoculación bacteriana en el rendimiento, el contenido de clorofila y proteína de la alfalfa para obtener productos experimentales económicos en el Centro de Capacitación Agrícola Shahid Zande Rouh en Kerman como una parcela dividida en el tiempo basado en un diseño de bloques completamente al azar con cuatro repeticiones en el Terreno que no se había hecho antes, se hizo. La inoculación bacteriana se realizó en tres niveles (Rhizobium meliluti, Rhizobium leguminasarum y sin inoculación como control). La inoculación bacteriana tuvo un efecto significativo en todos los rasgos estudiados y provocó un aumento en el contenido de clorofila, rendimiento y porcentaje de proteína. En términos de peso del forraje fresco, el primer y tercer cultivo tuvieron el mayor rendimiento con la aplicación de Rhizobium meliloti (6 toneladas por hectárea). El mayor porcentaje de proteína relacionado con la inoculación de Rhizobium meliloti se observó en el segundo Picking. Según los resultados de este estudio, la inoculación con la bacteria Rhizobium meliloti aumenta la capacidad de fijación de nitrógeno de 3 a 4 veces en comparación con el control y mejoró los rasgos de alfalfa del cultivar Bami en el sureste de Irán

Evaluación de la eficacia de la actividad de Meliloti Rhizobium sobre las propiedades cuantitativas de la alfalfa por inoculación bacteriana en el sudeste de Irán

In order to investigate the effect of bacterial inoculation on yield, chlorophyll and protein content of alfalfa to obtain economically experimental products in Shahid Zande Rouh Agricultural Training Center in Kerman as a split plot in time based on a completely randomized block design with four replications on the ground Which had not been done before, was done. Bacterial inoculation was at three levels (Rhizobium meliluti, Rhizobium leguminasarum and no inoculation as a control). Bacterial inoculation had a significant effect on all studied traits and caused an increase in chlorophyll content, yield and protein percentage. In terms of fresh forage weight, the first and third crops had the highest yield with the application of Rhizobium meliloti (6 tons per hectare). The highest percentage of protein related to inoculation of Rhizobium meliloti was observed in the second Picking. According to the results of this study, inoculation with Rhizobium meliloti bacteria increases the ability of nitrogen fixation 3 to 4 times compared to the control and improved the alfalfa traits of Bami cultivar in southeastern Iran.Con el fin de investigar el efecto de la inoculación bacteriana en el rendimiento, el contenido de clorofila y proteína de la alfalfa para obtener productos experimentales económicos en el Centro de Capacitación Agrícola Shahid Zande Rouh en Kerman como una parcela dividida en el tiempo basado en un diseño de bloques completamente al azar con cuatro repeticiones en el Terreno que no se había hecho antes, se hizo. La inoculación bacteriana se realizó en tres niveles (Rhizobium meliluti, Rhizobium leguminasarum y sin inoculación como control). La inoculación bacteriana tuvo un efecto significativo en todos los rasgos estudiados y provocó un aumento en el contenido de clorofila, rendimiento y porcentaje de proteína. En términos de peso del forraje fresco, el primer y tercer cultivo tuvieron el mayor rendimiento con la aplicación de Rhizobium meliloti (6 toneladas por hectárea). El mayor porcentaje de proteína relacionado con la inoculación de Rhizobium meliloti se observó en el segundo Picking. Según los resultados de este estudio, la inoculación con la bacteria Rhizobium meliloti aumenta la capacidad de fijación de nitrógeno de 3 a 4 veces en comparación con el control y mejoró los rasgos de alfalfa del cultivar Bami en el sureste de Irán