Social security insurance model in Iran with a sustainable development approach: A comparative study of selected countries, Iran, Turkey and Denmark

The social security system in any country is a mirror of the development and the level of welfare of that society, and sustainable development in any country has a direct relationship with the quantity and quality of social security services. Given the initial establishment of the social security system in almost all countries, as well as Iran, the main challenge in this area can be considered the development of quality, quantity and services in a way that is able to meet the needs of society. (Khaleghparast, Rasekh, Naimi, 2017). Therefore, this study intends to identify the gaps between the current situation and the desired situation, by presenting applications in the form of a proposed model, to design the desired social security system according to the characteristics and conditions prevailing in society and its final destination to determine the development process of the country. This study is a descriptive-comparative study and has been done in several stages. The findings indicate that there is a significant gap between the management, governance and establishment of the social security system in Iran and the sample countries, especially Denmark. In countries that have succeeded in establishing the social security system, they have paid special attention to the three indicators of development and empowerment (risk management and realization of prevention levels), macro-planning and how to provide services, and by recreating the position of government in the security system, as well as following the recommendations and patterns of communication by international organizations and institutions, which are always considered as policy theories, the reference of policy makers in this field, have achieved good success in creating social welfare and public satisfaction. In this regard, according to the information obtained, it seems that the Social Security Organization, in following the patterns, models and global systems in the field of social security, should undertake serious reforms in the field of macro planning, development and improvement of employees, as well as improving and developing service delivery, take effective steps towards achieving sustainable development of the countr

Challenges facing Iranian social security in the path of sustainable development, causes and providing some solutions

Following economic, social, political and cultural changes and the spread of social phenomena such as poverty, unemployment, increasing population of the elderly and disabled, governments have taken on new responsibilities towards their citizens and their scope of operation has expanded. (Ghaffari, 2017). In this direction, due to the mentioned changes, several challenges have been faced on social security in relation to the efficient establishment of the social security system. Therefore, the present study, in response to the question of what are the most important challenges of social security in the implementation of sustainable development programs, intends to provide appropriate solutions in this area by analyzing and analyzing the causes of challenges facing the Social Security Organization. This research is a descriptive-comparative type and in addition to interviews with experts, professors and individuals who have researched in the field of social security, as well as a number of managers and experts in the field of social security, using the library method. The statistical population includes existing documents in the field of social security at the domestic and international levels, which have been dictated by reference organizations such as the International Social Security Association (ISSA), International Labour Organization (ILO) and the World Bank in this field. Content analysis method has been used for data analysis. The challenges have been enumerated by adapting the current state of social security to its desired state based on global guidelines, models, and systems. Then, the obtained information was tested using the questionnaire with a reliability coefficient of 0.7 to examine and comment on the experts Delphi test and was analyzed using SPSS software. Findings indicate that social security in Iran is far from global standards and models and is struggling with micro and macro challenges. Evidence and research results showed that the most important reasons for the existing challenges should be pursued in policies, regulations and also in the field of implementation. It also seems that explaining the role of the government in the field of social security is a missing link that ignoring it will jeopardize any orientation in the field of social security and it is necessary to pay attention to macro-planning in this area. &nbsp

Identificando os componentes da gestão de talentos na organização aduaneira do Irã pelo método delphi-fuzzy (estudo de caso)

Talent management is a system for identifying, upbringing, promoting, and preserving talented persons to optimize the capability of an organization to come up with optimal business results. Nowadays, the developing talent management is one of the most important business factors, which is considered as one of the key components to maintain a sustainable competitive advantage in organizations. the purpose of this study was to identify the components of talent management in the custom organization so that its implementation will be expedited. Considering various advantages of Fuzzy Delphi, we opted this method in conducting the study (The most important advantage is its greater accuracy than classical Delphi). Twenty persons were chosen as experts through a snowball sampling method. At the first step, 139 components were proposed based on previously reported through interviews, suggested to experts that, after four phases of deactivation, 54 indicators and components that were more relevant to the experts remained. In this study, we used a modified Three-branch model of Dr Mirzai Ahranjani (2005) (Of course, we also added a perceptual/cognitive branch that our model has a circular layer of four) to present a talent management model. The results of the research show that the behavioral/functional components in the final analytical model have the largest share.La gestión del talento es un sistema para identificar, educar, promover y preservar a las personas con talento para optimizar la capacidad de una organización y obtener resultados empresariales óptimos. Hoy en día, el desarrollo de la gestión del talento es uno de los factores empresariales más importantes, que se considera como un componente clave para mantener una ventaja competitiva sostenible en las organizaciones. El propósito de este estudio fue identificar los componentes de la gestión del talento en la organización personalizada para que su implementación se agilice. Teniendo en cuenta las diversas ventajas de Fuzzy Delphi, optamos por este método para realizar el estudio (la ventaja más importante es su mayor precisión que la clásica Delphi). Veinte personas fueron elegidas como expertos a través de un método de muestreo de bola de nieve. En el primer paso, se propusieron 139 componentes basados en entrevistas anteriores, y se sugirió a los expertos que, después de cuatro fases de desactivación, quedaban 54 indicadores y componentes que eran más relevantes para los expertos. En este estudio, utilizamos un modelo modificado de tres ramas del Dr. Mirzai Ahranjani (2005) (Por supuesto, también agregamos una rama perceptiva / cognitiva que nuestro modelo tiene una capa circular de cuatro) para presentar un modelo de gestión del talento. Los resultados de la investigación muestran que los componentes de comportamiento / funcionales en el modelo analítico final tienen la mayor participación.O gerenciamento de talentos é um sistema para identificar, criar, promover e preservar pessoas talentosas para otimizar a capacidade de uma organização de obter resultados comerciais ideais. Hoje em dia, o desenvolvimento de gestão de talentos é um dos fatores de negócios mais importantes, considerado um dos principais componentes para manter uma vantagem competitiva sustentável nas organizações. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar os componentes do gerenciamento de talentos na organização personalizada para que sua implementação seja acelerada. Considerando várias vantagens do Fuzzy Delphi, optamos por este método na condução do estudo (a vantagem mais importante é a sua maior precisão do que o Delphi clássico). Vinte pessoas foram escolhidas como especialistas por meio de um método de amostragem de bolas de neve. Na primeira etapa, 139 componentes foram propostos com base em entrevistas previamente reportadas, sugeridas a especialistas que, após quatro fases de desativação, restavam 54 indicadores e componentes mais relevantes para os especialistas. Neste estudo, usamos um modelo de três ramos modificado do Dr. Mirzai Ahranjani (2005) (claro, também adicionamos um ramo perceptivo / cognitivo que nosso modelo tem uma camada circular de quatro) para apresentar um modelo de gestão de talentos. Os resultados da pesquisa mostram que os componentes comportamentais / funcionais no modelo analítico final têm a maior participação

Abdominal pain with oral pigmentations as a clue for Peutz-Jeghers syndrome

A 33-year-old woman presented to the emergency department with colicky abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting, constipation, obstipation, and rectorragia. She had a history of similar abdominal pain from a few months ago. She had no history of any specific disease and taking any medication. She had no history of surgery and specific family diseases. Her vital signs on admission were heart rate 90/minute, respiratory rate 18/minute, blood pressure 110/70 mmHg, and temperature of 37.1°C. There were several brown spots on her lips and inside her mouth. On abdominal examination, she had a generalized tenderness, especially in the LLQ. In the digital rectal examination, the rectum was empty. Lab tests showed the following results: leukocyte count 4000/mm3 with 80.9% neutrophils, hemoglobin 12.1 g/dl, platelet 320000/µl, and creatinine 0.6 mg/dl, BUN 14 mg/dl, glucose 152 mg/dl, sodium 137 mEq/L, potassium 4.5 mEq/L. Chest and abdominal radiographs were performed on the patient (Figure 1). No subdiaphragmatic free air was seen in the chest x-ray. The abdominal x-ray showed no air-fluid levels as well as any gas in the rectum. On abdominal and pelvic ultrasound, a moderate amount of free fluid was seen in the abdomen along with jejunoileal intussusception in the LLQ with an intestinal loops thickness increase

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex enhances working memory

Neuroimaging and electrophysiological studies have unequivocally identified the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) as a crucial structure for top-down control of working memory (WM) processes. By modulating the excitability of neurons in a targeted cortical area, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) offers a unique way to modulate DLPFC function, opening the possibility of WM facilitation. Even though TMS neuromodulation effects over the left DLPFC have successfully improved WM performance in patients with depression and schizophrenia in a multitude of studies, raising the potential of TMS as a safe efficacious treatment for WM deficits, TMS interventions in healthy individuals have produced mixed and inconclusive results. Here, we stimulated the left DLPFC of healthy individuals using a high-frequency repetitive TMS protocol and evaluated behavioral performance in a battery of cognitive tasks. We found that TMS treatment enhanced WM performance in a verbal digit span and a visuospatial 2-back task

Potential Anti-Apoptotic Impacts and Telomerase Activity of Royal Jelly on Different Tissues of Rats

ackground and Aim: Royal jelly (RJ) has a broad range of pharmaceutical activities, including antioxidant, anti-aging, anti-tumor, and anti-apoptotic. The current study aimed to investigate RJ impacts on cell survival by measuring the amount of telomerase enzyme, protein BCL2, and BAX in different tissues of rats. Methods: In this study, male Wistar rats (n=21) were randomly divided into 3 groups; Group 1 was the control group. Group 2 and group 3 were treated with royal jelly at a concentration of 150 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg for 30 days, respectively. The contents of Bax, BCL-2, and telomerase in the tissues Brain, Liver, Kidney, and lymphocytes were measured using the ELISA method. Results: Telomerase increased in all the tissues involved in both treatment groups compared to the control group; however, the changes were not statistically significant. Although BAX and BCL-2 proteins showed irregular patterns, the ratio of BAX/BCL-2 declined in almost all the studied tissues with a significant decline in the rats’ liver and kidney treated with RJ at the dose of 300 mg/kg and in the lymphocytes of the group administered 150 mg/kg of RJ. Conclusion: RJ appears to have potential anti-apoptotic effects on the rats’ tissues studied via regulating the levels of BAX, BCL-2, and telomerase proteins. Regarding telomerase, its levels increased in a dose-dependent manner in all involved tissues. Concerning the ratio of BAX/BCL-2, it is sensible to conclude that RJ tends to positively impact the cell survival rate at the dose of 300 mg/kg in the brain, Liver, and Kidney. Nonetheless, this ratio decreased more significantly at the dose of 150 mg/kg in lymphocytes, showing more potential to survive brain cells in this concentration. *Corresponding Author: Seyed-Hosein Abtahi-Eivary; Email: [email protected]; ORCID ID:0000-0001-5807-8933 Please cite this article as: Khani-Eshratabadi M, Talebpour A, Bagherzadeh A, Mehranfar P, Motallebzadeh Khanmiri J, Ghorbani M, Abtahi-Eivary SH. Potential Anti-Apoptotic Impacts and Telomerase Activity of Royal Jelly on Different Tissues of Rats. Arch Med Lab Sci. 2022;8:1-10 (e3). https://doi.org/10.22037/amls.v8.3653

Deviation of the Error Estimation for Second Order Fredholm-Volterra Integro Differential Equations

In this paper we study the deviation of the error estimation for the second order Fredholm-Volterra integro-differential equations. We prove that for m degree piecewise polynomial collocation method, our method provides O(hm+1) as the order of the deviation of the error. Also numerical results in the final section are included to confirm the theoretical results

Short-Term Results of Sutureless Scleral Tunnel Trabeculectomy Using Adjunctive Topical Bevacizumab

This study was performed to assess the short-term effect of sutureless scleral tunnel trabeculectomy procedure with and without topical bevacizumab. Thirty patients with Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma (POAG) were enrolled and randomly divided to two groups. Patients in the first group (15 patients) underwent sutureless trabeculectomy without topical bevacizumab and patients in the second group (15 patients) underwent sutureless trabeculectomy with 1.25 mg of topical bevacizumab. Intraocular Pressure (IOP) of both groups was measured by an expert ophthalmologist, without awareness of the patient’s study group before the operation and six months post-operatively. Out of 30 patients in this study, six females (40%) and nine males (60%) underwent the sutureless trabeculectomy procedure (group A) as well as seven females (46.7%) and eight males (53.3%) underwent sutureless trabeculectomy with topical bevacizumab (group B). The mean age of the patients was not significantly different between the two groups (P = 0.91). A statistically significant difference in time variation of IOP was found between the two groups (P < 0.001). Mean IOP was 18.4 ± 4.35 mmHg in the sutureless group without bevacizumab and 11.73 ± 2.12 mmHg in the sutureless group with bevacizumab, six months post-surgically. No statistical significant differences were found in the baseline IOP between the two groups (P = 0.28). However, IOP changed significantly in group A and B from baseline to six months post-operatively (P = 0.004 and P < 0.001 respectively). According to the current findings, the sutureless trabeculectomy procedure is an effective surgical method for reduction of IOP. Addition of a single dose of 1.25 mg topical bevacizumab was more effective in reduction of IOP compared to sutureless trabeculectomy alone.Â

Evaluating the effect of a herb on the control of blood glucose and insulin-resistance in patients with advanced type 2 diabetes (a double-blind clinical trial)

Background: Different benefits of various herbal medicines in decreasing blood sugar have been reported in different clinical trials so far. Considering the growing tendency toward these combinations and the booming market, inappropriate advice is growing accordingly. Hence, it is necessary to evaluate the effects and possible complications of such combinations on health status and blood glucose control. Methods: Two 38-subject groups were formed and a 12-week treatment program was administered for both groups. The inclusion criteria were failure to control blood glucose with two oral medicines, unwillingness to inject insulin. The medicine was prepared in capsules by Booali Company. Each capsule weighed 750 mg and contained nettle leaf 20 (w/w), berry leaf 10 (w/w), onion and garlic 20 (w/w), fenugreek seed 20 (w/w), walnut leaf 20 (w/w), and cinnamon bark 10 (w/w) all in powder. Results: At the beginning of the study, there was no significant difference between the subjects regarding the evaluated parameters, but after the intervention, the level of glucose was significantly lower in fasting (P=0.0001) and 2-hour postprandial(P=0.002) levels. The level of glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) (P=0.0001) also decreased from 0.33±9.72 to 0.20±8.39 . Finally, the level of insulin resistance reduced from 1.9±4.1 to 1.4±2.6 (P=0.001) after consuming herbal medicine. Conclusion: According to the results of the current study, the herbal combination was effective in controlling blood sugar, and considering the reduction of HbA1c by 1.31 , it seems that the herbal combination is an effective medicine to treat diabetes. &#160