The Effectiveness of Oral Rehydration Solution at Various Concentrations as a Storage Media for Avulsed Teeth

Introduction: Following avulsion, the periodontal ligament (PDL) cells are at risk of necrosis. To achieve a favorable survival prognosis, the PDL cells must be kept viability. Therefore, immediate replantation is considered as the treatment of choice and in case it is not possible, storing the tooth in an appropriate storage media should be considered. Oral Rehydration Solution (ORS) is a glucose-electrolyte solution which can keep the optimal osmolality as well as pH and can even provide nutrients which are necessary for cellular growth. The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of different concentrations of ORS in maintaining the viability of the PDL cells at different time points. Materials and Methods: PDL cells were obtained from healthy extracted human premolars. Then, 8×10³ cells were seeded in each well of 96-well plate. Afterwards, each well was treated with ORS in three different concentrations and DMEM for 1, 3, 6, and 9 hours. Cell viability was determined by using the MTT assay. One way-ANOVA and post hoc (LSD) test were used for comparing the study groups. Results: According to the results, 25% and 50% concentrations of ORS were more effective in preserving the PDL cell viability and could maintain 79.98% and 68.34% of the PDL cells, respectively, at least for the last experimental time point (up to 9 hours). Conclusions: Therefore, our findings indicate that ORS might be a suitable storage medium for avulsed teeth

Atypical pityriasis rosea with unilateral presentation

Pityriasis Rosea (PR) is a common skin disease and characterized by generalized scaly eruptions typically on the trunk and proximal extremities. Atypical presentations of PR are common and can be a diagnostic challenge for clinicians. Here we present a case of a 26-year-old female who presented with a sudden onset of several asymptomatic, erythematous and scaly plaques on her trunk. Plaques sized 0.5-1cm in diameter that were distributed unilaterally (right side) on her chest, back and axilla. Atypical cases of PR are fairly common and less readily recognized. Careful history, clinical evaluation and follow-up are important to avoid misdiagnosis of PR and physicians should be aware of PR variants so that appropriate management and reassurance can be offered. For atypical eruptions without a definite diagnosis, it is safer to consider lesional skin biopsy. © 2016, Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research. All rights reserved

The Effect of Contact Lens–spectacle Reversed Galilean Telescope on the Visual Field of Patients with Open-angle Glaucoma

Purpose: Glaucoma causes irreversible visual field defects. This study aims to evaluate the effect of a reversed Galilean telescope on the visual field of patients with open-angle glaucoma. Methods: Fifty-two glaucoma patients with a restricted visual field were recruited for this study. Central 30° visual field measurements were performed using a Humphrey visual field analyzer before and after applying the reversed Galilean telescope. To be more cosmetically acceptable, a combination of contact lens–spectacle was used as the reversed Galilean telescope. Results: Our data analysis showed that the reversed Galilean telescope had a significant effect on all measured perimetric indices. Visual field index (VFI) improved from a basic value of 44.38 ± 26.96 percent to 49.30 ± 29.83 percent by using the reversed telescope (P < 0.001). Moreover, the mean deviation (MD) was significantly improved from the initial value of –19.91 ± 7.19 dB to a value of –18.69 ± 7.73 dB (P < 0.001). However, our results showed a significant reduction in the pattern standard deviation (PSD) comparing before (9.83 ± 2.82) and after (8.51 ± 3.30) values using the reversed Galilean telescope (P < 0.001). Conclusion: The contact lens–spectacle combination reversed Galilean telescope significantly improved the central 30° visual field of glaucoma patients with the restricted visual field

Replantation of an Avulsed Maxillary Incisor after 12 Hours: Three-Year Follow-Up

Tooth avulsion is defined as the complete displacement of the tooth out of its alveolar socket. The treatment of choice is immediate replantation or if that is not possible, placement of the tooth in an appropriate storage media. This report presents replantation of an avulsed maxillary central incisor after 12 hours of storage in milk. The tooth was replanted and splinted. One week later, it was treated endodontically and calcium hydroxide dressing was placed for 1 month; subsequently, the tooth was obturated with gutta-percha. During three years of follow-up, no evidence of ankylosis or inflammatory resorption was observed. After three years, the tooth was stable and remained functional and esthetically acceptable

Prehypertension; patient awareness and associated cardiovascular risk factors in an urban population in Iran

Background: This study was to estimate the frequency of prehypertension and to characterize patient awareness and associated cardiovascular risk factors in an urban population in Iran. Methods: During a hypertensive awareness program, a cross-sectional study was conducted on 2036 people. All participants completed a questionnaire about their demographic and anthropometric indices and were asked about symptoms, risk factors and preventive measures of hypertension. Data were compared between prehypertensive and non-hypertensive groups. Results: Prehypertension was detected in 30 (n=611) of the subjects. Previous CHD, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia were more prevalent in low prehypertension group compared to high normal blood pressure. The male sex, increasing age and body weight were positively associated with the rate of prehypertension. Only 8 of participants with prehypertension were aware about the symptoms of hypertension, 12 correctly mentioned at least three risk factors of hypertension, and 48 explained appropriate preventive measures. Conclusion: Prehypertension was prevalent in this population. Age, body weight, male sex, and previous CHD were the major determinants. Furthermore, hypertension awareness was alarmingly poor. Therefore, hypertension prevention programs focused on increasing public awareness are essential

Caveats of green hydrogen for decarbonisation of heating in buildings

Hydrogen (H2) has rapidly become a topic of great attention when discussing routes to net-zero carbon emissions. About 14% of CO2 emissions globally are directly associated with domestic heating in buildings. Replacing natural gas (NG) with H2 for heating has been highlighted as a rapid alternative for mitigating these emissions. To realise this, not only the production challenges but also potential obstacles in the transmission/distribution and combustion of H2 must be technically identified and discussed. This review, in addition to delineating the challenges of H2 in NG grid pipelines and H2 combustion, also collates the results of the state-of-the-art technologies in H2-based heating systems. We conclude that the sustainability of water and renewable electricity resources strongly depends on sizing, siting, service life of electrolysis plants, and post-electrolysis water disposal plans. 100% H2 in pipelines requires major infrastructure upgrades including production, transmission, pressure-reduction stations, distribution, and boiler rooms. H2 leakage instigates more environmental risks than economic ones. With optimised boilers, burning H2 could reduce GHG emissions and obtain an appropriate heating efficiency; more data from boiler manufacturers must be provided. Overall, green H2 is not the only solution to decarbonise heating in buildings, and it should be pursued abreast of other heating technologies

Comparative study of Ba, Cs, K, and Li as promoters for Ru/La2Ce2O7-based catalyst for ammonia synthesis

Ammonia is one of the promising carriers for hydrogen and a critical ingredient in many industries including fertilizers and pharmaceuticals. In the KAAP process, ruthenium- (Ru-) based catalysts showed 10-20 more activity compared with iron- (Fe-) based catalysts. The modifications that are applied to Ru-based catalysts revolve around changing the material of its support and/or promoters. This study compares the performance of a Ru-based catalyst for ammonia synthesis supported by La2Ce2O7 using barium (Ba), cesium (Cs), potassium (K), and lithium (Li) as promoters. Based on structural, physicochemical, adsorption, and electronic state analysis, the Cs-promoted catalyst is expected to perform best among all the promoted catalysts, while our findings suggest that the K-promoted catalyst performed the best in the actual catalytic reaction. This result will affect the development of Ru/La2Ce2O7-based catalysts, especially in ammonia synthesis at different temperatures and pressures

Enhanced surface energetics of CNT-grafted carbon fibers for superior electrical and mechanical properties in CFRPs

Surface enhancement of components is vital for achieving superior properties in a composite system. In this study, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were grown on carbon fiber (CF) substrates to improve the surface area and, in turn, increase the adhesion between epoxy-resin and CFs. Nickel (Ni) was used as the catalyst in CNT growth, and was coated on CF sheets via the electroplating method. Surface energetics of CNT-grown CFs and their work of adhesion with epoxy resin were measured. SEM and TEM were used to analyze the morphology of the samples. After the optimization of surface energetics by catalyst weight ratio (15 wt.% Ni), CF-reinforced plastic (CFRP) samples were prepared using the hand lay-up method. To validate the effect of chemical vapor deposition (CVD)-grown CNTs on CFRP properties, samples were also prepared where CNT powder was added to epoxy prior to reinforcement with Ni-coated CFs. CFRP specimens were tested to determine their electrical resistivity, flexural strength, and ductility index. The electrical resistivity of CNT-grown CFRP was found to be about 9 and 2.3 times lower than those of as-received CFRP and CNT-added Ni-CFRP, respectively. Flexural strength of CNT-grown Ni-CFRP was enhanced by 52.9% of that of as-received CFRP. Interestingly, the ductility index in CNT-grown Ni-CFRP was 40% lower than that of CNT-added Ni-CFRP. This was attributed to the tip-growth formation of CNTs and the breakage of Ni coating