Volume I. Introduction to DUNE

The preponderance of matter over antimatter in the early universe, the dynamics of the supernovae that produced the heavy elements necessary for life, and whether protons eventually decay—these mysteries at the forefront of particle physics and astrophysics are key to understanding the early evolution of our universe, its current state, and its eventual fate. The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) is an international world-class experiment dedicated to addressing these questions as it searches for leptonic charge-parity symmetry violation, stands ready to capture supernova neutrino bursts, and seeks to observe nucleon decay as a signature of a grand unified theory underlying the standard model. The DUNE far detector technical design report (TDR) describes the DUNE physics program and the technical designs of the single- and dual-phase DUNE liquid argon TPC far detector modules. This TDR is intended to justify the technical choices for the far detector that flow down from the high-level physics goals through requirements at all levels of the Project. Volume I contains an executive summary that introduces the DUNE science program, the far detector and the strategy for its modular designs, and the organization and management of the Project. The remainder of Volume I provides more detail on the science program that drives the choice of detector technologies and on the technologies themselves. It also introduces the designs for the DUNE near detector and the DUNE computing model, for which DUNE is planning design reports. Volume II of this TDR describes DUNE\u27s physics program in detail. Volume III describes the technical coordination required for the far detector design, construction, installation, and integration, and its organizational structure. Volume IV describes the single-phase far detector technology. A planned Volume V will describe the dual-phase technology

Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE), far detector technical design report, volume III: DUNE far detector technical coordination

The preponderance of matter over antimatter in the early universe, the dynamics of the supernovae that produced the heavy elements necessary for life, and whether protons eventually decay—these mysteries at the forefront of particle physics and astrophysics are key to understanding the early evolution of our universe, its current state, and its eventual fate. The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) is an international world-class experiment dedicated to addressing these questions as it searches for leptonic charge-parity symmetry violation, stands ready to capture supernova neutrino bursts, and seeks to observe nucleon decay as a signature of a grand unified theory underlying the standard model. The DUNE far detector technical design report (TDR) describes the DUNE physics program and the technical designs of the single- and dual-phase DUNE liquid argon TPC far detector modules. Volume III of this TDR describes how the activities required to design, construct, fabricate, install, and commission the DUNE far detector modules are organized and managed. This volume details the organizational structures that will carry out and/or oversee the planned far detector activities safely, successfully, on time, and on budget. It presents overviews of the facilities, supporting infrastructure, and detectors for context, and it outlines the project-related functions and methodologies used by the DUNE technical coordination organization, focusing on the areas of integration engineering, technical reviews, quality assurance and control, and safety oversight. Because of its more advanced stage of development, functional examples presented in this volume focus primarily on the single-phase (SP) detector module

Generating Value from Whole-Life Solutions – A New Opportunity for the UK Rail Industry

The UK government has started to demand a “whole-life, whole-system” view of new contracts within the UK rail industry; requiring the industry to transform the way it does business in order to deliver this new paradigm. This paper describes the work of a collaborative academic industry research project; based in one railway vehicle manufacturing company. The aim of the project is to maximise benefit across the value chain throughout the whole-life of a fleet of railway vehicles. This paper presents preliminary results and a review of the relevant literature to discuss how the traditional approach to value generation must change in order to deliver whole-life solutions. The discussion describes how an organisation’s structure, approach to contracting and spares provisioning, supplier and customer relationships and people issues (behaviours and cultures) significantly impact upon the ability to deliver value to the manufacturer, their customers and suppliers in whole-life service contracts

Applying Systems Engineering to Optimise the Operation and Maintenance of Railway Vehicles throughout the Value Chain

A recent move by the UK government to purchase two new railway vehicle fleets from the provider offering the lowest whole-life, whole-system cost creates significant challenges to traditional manufacturers and their extended enterprises. This paper describes the work of a collaborative academic-industry research project; applying systems engineering to enable the optimisation of the operation and maintenance of railway vehicles – one aspect of railway vehicles' lives which will need to be fully understood in order to offer optimised whole-life contracts. A model of the current operation and maintenance extended enterprise is created using soft systems methodology with critical value generating parameters identified. Explanations are presented for the perception of the current extended enterprise being too expensive, slow to respond and inflexible. Future work is discussed detailing how systems engineering approaches and systems thinking can be further used to bring about a more optimised approach to operating and maintaining railway vehicles in the UK

Buyer-supplier behaviour in electronic reverse auctions: a relationships perspective

This paper presents a conceptual framework for studying and understanding buyer–supplier behaviour in Electronic Reverse Auctions (E-RAs) from a relationships viewpoint. The E-RAs are very popular with buyers, though suppliers view them as being harmful to the health of their business in the long run. This has resulted in various issues, which can be detrimental for the future of E-RAs. These issues have been addressed by various researchers (Beall et al., 2003; Griffiths, 2003; Jap, 2003) as being unethical practices and the auction providers have built in some codes of conduct in the process to curb this behaviour. Though this has been successful to some extent, it has not eliminated these practices. This paper tries to explain some of the behaviour from a different perspective, using a new conceptual framework and a tool used in psychological therapeutic counselling, ''Transactional Analysis'' (TA)

Investigating the transfer of academic perceptions of sustainable supply chains into practice

Sustainability is often discussed in academic literature. Recently, this topic has had an increased representation within the research area of supply chain management. The concepts within this term are sustainability and Supply Chain Management (SCM) – both well defined and researched from multi-disciplinary perspectives. In general there is agreement within the academic world regarding the triple bottom line (Elkington, 1998) of sustainability with some additional but less important characteristics. In this research a systematic literature review was conducted to get an academic perspective of sustainable supply chain management. To compare this against the industrial perspective, an explorative questionnaire was deployed to supply chain managers and sustainability managers in the UK. The most important findings are perception gaps regarding the characteristics of SSCM as determined from an academic perspective and the status of implementation in practice along with perceptions regarding the triple bottom line. Further a discrepancy was found in the perspectives of supply chain managers and sustainability managers who were surveyed

Evaluating existing approaches to product-service system design: A comparison with industrial practice

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to reflect on how representative the literature is in identifying industrial practice to designing product-service systems (PSSs). Design/methodology/approach – The paper analyses literature to report on the existing approaches used to design PSSs. A single exploratory case study approach, based on semi-structured interviews and archival data analysis, was used to understand an existing product-service organisation's approach to designing PSSs. A total of 12 senior managers were interviewed from a cross section of the organisation, to gain multiple perspectives on the PSS design process and ten company reports were analysed. Findings – The research has identified that the PSS design process reported by literature is not representative, lacking inputs and outputs to some phases and feedback. In total, 18 inputs and 11 outputs have been identified from the case study that are not reported by the literature. These create five feedback loops within the PSS design process used by the case study organisation. This suggests that the PSS design process is cyclic and iterative and not sequential, as reported by existing literature. Research limitations/implications – This research is based on a single-case study approach, limiting the ability to generalise findings, and does not provide a complete PSS design approach. Practical implications – This research compares literature against industrial practice to PSS design, presenting insight to aid practitioner's design PSSs. Originality/value – This paper fills a gap in the servitization and PSS literatures; evaluating the approaches reported by literature against existing industrial practice