Humane Education: The Tool for Scientific Revolution in Brazil

Despite the predominance of traditional teacher-centered approaches, educators are constantly changing paradigms and social boundaries, by stimulating criticism with active learning based approaches, which are centered on contexts and experiences. Viewing students as individuals enables paradigm changes and inspires new perspectives on established theories and facts. This chapter discusses education in Brazil, with a focus on humane education. Humane education strives to foster compassion and respect for humans, nonhuman animals (hereinafter referred to as animals), and the environment by creating awareness of the needs of others and the effects of our actions. In this chapter we describe the process of humane education in the context of animals used for teaching. We explore the possibilities of replacing animals and including ethical discussions in the curriculum; the history of Brazilian humane education, considering the Environmental Crimes Act that forbids animal use when alternative methods exist; and the legislation that controls the use of animals for research and teaching purposes in Brazil

Chemical and biological study of essential oils from <i>Eugenia pruniformis</i> Cambess., an endemic species from Brazilian Atlantic Forest

Eugenia pruniformis Cambess. is an endemic species from Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Essential oils from leaves and fruits from this species were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GCMS/CG-FID. In all, 25 compounds were identified, with predominance of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons in both plant parts. The major compounds were β-caryophyllene, bicyclogermacrene, germacrene D, δ- cadinene and α-copaene. Antioxidant activity was performed for essential oil from leaves using ORAC method, showing value of 0.30 ± 0.06 mmol TE/g. Anticholinesterasic evaluation was also performed for this oil, indicating that it inhibited acetylcholinesterase, showing an IC50 of 1798 μg/mL. These results indicate that this essential oil may be considered as a potential source of substances for Alzheimer’s disease Treatment. To our knowledge, these are the first contributions to biological and phytochemical characterization of E. pruniformis, an almost unexplored species from Brazilian Atlantic Forest.Colegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire

Comparative study and anticholinesterasic evaluation of essential oils from leaves, stems and flowers of myrciaria floribunda (H.West ex Willd.) O. Berg

Myrciaria floribunda (H.West ex Willd.) O.Berg, Myrtaceae, popularly known as “camboim amarelo”, was collected in Restinga de Jurubatiba (RJ, Brazil). Leaves, stems and flowers were individually submitted to hydrodistillation, affording the respective essential oils. Monoterpenes were the main group of essential oils from leaves (53.9 %) and flowers (55.4 %). Sesquiterpenes were more representative in stems (72.2 %). 1,8-cineole was the major constituent in the essential oil from leaves (38.4 %) and flowers (22.8 %). The major constituent from stems was (2E,6E)-farnesyl acetate (19.9 %). To our knowledge, these are the first contributions for essential oils from stems and flowers of M. floribunda. It was also performed the acetylcholinesterase inhibitory bioassay of the essential oil from stems, flowers and leaves of M. floribunda. Flowers and leaves oils had an IC50 of 1583 and 681 μg/mL, respectively, being both low to mild values.Colegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire

Borboletas registradas para o Rio Grande do Sul ao longo de um século

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Alternative methods to animal use in toxicology of pesticides: a systematic review and a proposed method for evaluation of anticholinesterase

Submitted by Gilvan Almeida ([email protected]) on 2016-08-10T18:29:02Z No. of bitstreams: 2 944.pdf: 446753 bytes, checksum: 1b1ff06a20d73f080b084d69d0142bb5 (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Maria Arruda ([email protected]) on 2018-01-31T13:28:07Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 944.pdf: 446753 bytes, checksum: 1b1ff06a20d73f080b084d69d0142bb5 (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-31T13:28:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 944.pdf: 446753 bytes, checksum: 1b1ff06a20d73f080b084d69d0142bb5 (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.O uso de agrotóxicos utilizados no controle de organismos indesejados à saúde humana ou a produção agrícola tem aumentando continuamente. De encontro com essa tendência, há diversos estudos que apontam que o uso desses produtos possuem um impacto danoso sobre a saúde ambiental e humana. A fim de alcançar uma regulamentação adequada sobre a utilização de pesticidas e a exposição a esses produtos, são solicitados vários testes toxicológicos, feitos aindacom modelos animais, in vivo. No entanto, a extrapolação dos resultados obtidos a partir de outras espécies animais para os seres humanos e para outras espécies não-alvos é um assunto de intenso debate. Nesse meio tempo, uma grande quantidade de animais é usada em testes toxicológicos em todo o mundo, reforçando o imperativo ético que responsibiliza a comunidade científica a desenvolver métodos alternativos finais para estes testes. Neste contexto, o objetivo deste estudo foi revisar sistematicamente a literatura científica sobre métodos alternativos para ensaios de toxicidade de pesticidas. Esta revisão sistemática mostrou que há poucos estudos de métodos alternativos ao uso de animais em testes toxicológicos de pesticidas e eles estão concentrados em apenas doiscampos. Outras áreas da toxicologia podem ser exploradas por novos métodos. As pesquisa sobremétodos substitutivos devem ser incentivadas, para que possa reduzir ao máximo e abolir o uso de animais na pesquisa.The use of pesticides to control living organisms that threaten human health and crops/food supply is continuously increasing. Conflicting with that, there are several evidences that such increase may pose a danger to environmental and human health. In order to achieve proper regulation of pesticide use and exposure, several toxicological tests are available employing animal testing. However, the extrapolation of the results obtained from such species to humans and other non-target species is still a matter of intense debate. In the meantime, a large amount of animals is used in toxicological tests worldwide, reinforcing the ethical imperative to develop final alternative methods to these tests. In this context, the aim of this study was to systematically review the scientific literature about alternative methods to pesticide toxicity assays. Therefore, this systematic review showed that only few studies issue alternative methods to the use of animals in pesticide toxicological tests and they are concentrated in only two fields. Other fields can be explored by new methods. Research on replacement methods needs to be encouraged as it could lead to significantly reduce the current massive use of animals in experimental science

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