Multi echelon Inventory Planning

U završnome radu analizirana je više- ešalnoska metoda pomoću koje se planira stanje zaliha. Zalihe su sredstva koje se drže radi prodaje u redovnom poslovanju, u procesu proizvodnje nakon kojeg se prodaju ili u obliku osnovnog i pomoćnog materijala koji se troši u proizvodnom procesu ili prilikom pružanja usluga. Problem kod zaliha jest njihovo skladištenje. Optimizacija prostora pomoću više-ešalonske metode razmatra razine zaliha na cijelom lancu opskrbe, uzimajući u obzir utjecaj zaliha na bilo kojoj razini. Primjerice ako je proizvod koji se prodaje u trgovini prodavača primio jedan od njegovih distribucijskim centara, distribucijski centar predstavlja jedan odjeljak opskrbnog lanca. Cilj optimizacije zaliha pomoću više-ešalnske metode je kontinuirano ažuriranje i optimiziranje razine zaliha u svim tim područjima.In the final word have been analyzed multi-echalon method by which the inventory is planned. Inventories are assets held for sale in the ordinary course of business, in the production process after which they are sold or in the form of basic and auxiliary materials that are consumed in the production process or in the provision of services. Stock problem is their storage. Space optimization using multiple-echalon methods considers inventory levels across the supply chain, taking into account the impact of inventories at any level. For example, if a product sold in a retailer's store received one of its distribution centers, the distribution center represents one supply chain section. The goal of stock optimization using multiple-echalon is to continuously update and optimize stock levels in all these areas

FAMILY RISK AND PROTECTIVE FACTORS AMONG YOUNG SUBSTANCE NON-CONSUMERS AND CONSUMERS

Cilj ovog rada je doprinijeti boljem razumijevanju utjecaja karakteristika obiteljskog okruženja na konzumaciju sredstava ovisnosti te promovirati važnost uključivanja obiteljskog okruženja u strategije prevencije ovisnosti u Hrvatskoj. Istraživanje čiji su rezultati prikazani u ovom radu je provedeno u okviru projekta „Unaprjeđenje rada na izgradnji sustava prevencije kriminaliteta i podrška osnivanju koordinacijske jedinice za prevenciju kriminaliteta“. Projekt je osmišljen u suradnji Sveučilišta u Zagrebu, Edukacijsko – rehabilitacijskog fakulteta, Ureda UNDP-a te Ministarstva unutarnjih poslova RH. U istraživanju je korišten CTC Upitnik za djecu i mlade (Mihić, Novak, Bašić, 2010) primijenjen tijekom rujna i listopada 2010. godine u tri osnovne i tri srednje škole Grada Splita. U ovom radu su korišteni podaci dobiveni na uzorku učenika 2. i 4. razreda srednjih škola (N=623). Rezultati istraživanja su pokazali da učestali konzumenti ispitivanih sredstava ovisnosti u značajno većoj mjeri percipiraju prisutnost obiteljskih rizičnih čimbenika u svojoj obitelji (neadekvatna obiteljska pravila, obiteljske konflikte, roditelje koji podržavaju asocijalno ponašanje i konzumaciju sredstava ovisnosti) u odnosu na nekonzumente. Isto tako, istraživanjem je utvrđeno da nekonzumenti nekih sredstava ovisnosti u odnosu na učestale konzumente u značajno većoj mjeri zapažaju prisutnost zaštitnih čimbenika u svom obiteljskom okruženju (obiteljsku privrženost, obiteljske prilike za prosocijalan angažman te obiteljske nagrade za prosocijalan angažman). U radu su također ponuđene smjernice za osmišljavanje učinkovitih intervencija za prevenciju konzumacije sredstava ovisnosti kod mladih s naglaskom na obiteljsko okruženje.The aim of this study is to contribute to a better understanding of the influence of a family environment on the consumption of addictive substances and promote the importance of including the family environment in addiction prevention strategies. The study, whose results are presented in this paper, was carried out within the project “Development of the system of crime prevention and a support for the establishment of a coordination unit for the prevention of crime”. The project was designed in collaboration with the University of Zagreb, Faculty of Education and Rehabilitation Sciences, Office of the United Nations Development Program in Croatia and the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Republic of Croatia. In this study, CTC Survey for children and youth (Mihić, Novak and Bašić, 2010) was conducted in a period from September to October 2010 in three primary and secondary schools in Split. Results presented in this paper are obtained on a sample of children from second and fourth grades of secondary school (N = 623). Findings showed that frequent substance consumers on a significantly larger scale perceive presence of risk factors in their families (in adequate family rules, family conflicts, parents who support the anti-social behavior and consumption of addictive substances) in comparison to non-consumers. Equally, some substance non-consumers unlike frequent consumers more frequently perceive the presence of protective factors in their families (family attachment, family opportunities for prosocial engagement and family rewards for prosocial engagement). Based on the results of this study, directions for planning the substance abuse prevention within the family context were given

Malignancies in renal transplant recipients

Završni stadij kronične bubrežne bolesti zahtijeva liječenje nadomještanjem bubrežne funkcije različitim metodama, od kojih je najbolja transplantacija bubrega, zbog značajno više stope preživljavanja i kvalitete života u usporedbi s dijalizom. U početcima transplantacijske medicine, kada su transplantacije izvođene samo u mlađih pacijenata, a preživljenje presatka bilo relativno kratko zbog visoke stope akutnih odbacivanja, zloćudni tumori predstavljali su manje važan problem. Vodeći uzrok gubitka presatka u vrijeme suvremene imunosupresije je smrt pacijenata s funkcionirajućim presatkom, a upravo su zloćudni tumori, nakon srčanožilnih bolesti i infekcija, na trećem mjestu uzročnika smrti u populaciji pacijenata s transplantacijom koja je sve starija i pod sve dužim kumulativnim djelovanjem imunosupresiva. Prema podatcima Registra za transplantaciju Australije i Novog Zelanda 10 % pacijenata razvije tumor nakon 10 godina, 25 % nakon 20 godina, a nakon 30 godina čak 40 % primatelja bubrega pod imunosupresivnom terapijom razvije tumor. U kohorti od 175 000 primatelja u Sjedinjenim Američkim Državama je identificirano 10 656 tumora, što je 2,1 puta više nego u općoj populaciji. Uočen je značajan porast rizika za više od 30 različitih primarnih tumora te snižena incidencija tumora dojke i prostate u odnosu na opću populaciju.End-stage renal disease requires the replacement of kidney function by different methods, the best of them being renal transplantation owing to significant survival advantage and better quality of life compared to the dialysis. In the beginnings of transplantation medicine, when transplantation was performed solely in young patients, and survival was relatively short due to acute rejections, malignant tumors were not a significant problem. In the era of modern immunosuppression, the leading cause of graft lost is death of a patient with functional graft. Malignant tumors are the third leading cause of death in patients following renal transplantation due to the increasing age of patients undergoing renal transplantation and longer cumulative influence of immunosuppression. Cardiovascular diseases and infections are the first and a second leading cause of death, respectively. According to Australian and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant Registry, 10% of patients develop tumor 10 years after transplantation, 25% after 20 years, and after 30 years 40% of renal transplant recipients treated with immunosuppression develop malignancy. In a large population-based cohort study of 175 000 United States transplant recipients of solid organs, among those 10 656 developed some kind of a tumor. This is 2.1 times more often when compared to the general population. A significant increase of risk for 30 different primary tumors was reported, whereas a decreased incidence of breast cancer and prostate cancer was noted

Density-dependence and environmental variability have stage-specific influences on European grayling growth.

Fish somatic growth is indeterminate and can be influenced by a range of abiotic and biotic variables. With climate change forecast to increase the frequency of warming and unusual discharge events, it is thus important to understand how these variables currently influence somatic growth and how that might differ for specific age-classes and/ or life stages. Here, we used a 17-year dataset from a chalk stream in southern England to identify the abiotic and biotic influences on the growth of juvenile, sub-adult and adult life stages of European grayling (Thymallus thymallus), a cold-water riverine salmonid. The results revealed that interannual variations in grayling growth were well described by annual- and site-specific abiotic and biotic explanatory variables. We found divergent responses between life stages to increased temperature and unusual discharge during the main growth period with, for example, elevated temperatures related to increased juvenile growth but reduced sub-adult growth, and high discharge events related to increased sub-adult growth yet reduced juvenile growth. Conversely, stage-specific grayling abundance negatively influenced growth at each life stage, though only juvenile growth was impacted by the abundance of a competitor species, brown trout (Salmo trutta). These results emphasise the merits of testing a wide range of environmental and biological explanatory variables on fish growth, and across life stages. They also reveal the importance of maintaining high habitat heterogeneity in rivers to ensure all life stages can reduce their competitive interactions and have access to adequate flow and thermal refugia during periods of elevated environmental stress

Prikazi

1) Senka Božić-Vrbančić, Jelena Kupsjak: Feral Atlas. The More-Than-Human Anthropocene, Anna Tsing, Jannifer Deger, Alder Keleman Saxena i Feifei Zhou, ur., Stanford University Press, Stanford, 2020. 2) Maja Flajsig: Ekofeminizam. Između ženskih i zelenih studija, Goran Đurđević i Suzana Marjanić, ur., Durieux, Zagreb, 2020., 479 str. 3) Tanja Petrović: Transformacija rada. Narativi, prakse, režimi, Ozren Biti i Reana Senjković, ur., Institut za etnologiju i folkloristiku, Zagreb, 2021, 388 str. 4) Velna Rončević: Anne Allison, Precarious Japan, Duke University Press, Durham, 2013., 256 str. 5) Andrea Matošević: Priče iz konzerve. Povijest prerade i konzerviranja riba na sjeveroistočnom Jadranu, Iva Kosmos, Tanja Petrović i Martin Pogačar, ur., Srednja Europa, Zagreb, 2020., 301 str. 6) Iva Grubiša: Jasna Čapo, Dva doma. Hrvatska radna migracija u Njemačku kao transnacionalni fenomen, Durieux, Zagreb, 2019., 392. str. 7) Ljiljana Marks: Olga Supek, Ljeto u Detroitu. Studija jedne lokalne četvrti iz perspektive ekonomske antropologije, Hrvatsko etnološko društvo, Zagreb, 2020., 179 str. 8) Iris Biškupić Bašić: Katarina Bušić, Zbirka narodnih nošnji hrvatske dijaspore (The Croatian Diaspora Folk Clothing Collection), Etnografski muzej, Zagreb, 2019., 192 str. 9) Andrea Klobučar: Kapa dolje! Priča o (ne)pokrivanju glave, Mareta Kurtin, ur. Etnografski muzej, Zagreb, 2019., 344 str. 10) Tea Škokić: Liber Monstrorum Balcanorum. Čudovišni svijet europske margine, Miranda Levanat-Peričić i Tomislav Oroz, ur., Jesenski i Turk i Institut za etnologiju i folkloristiku, Zagreb, 2019., 371 str. 11) Olga Orlić: Devedesete. Kratki rezovi, Orlanda Obad i Petar Bagarić, ur., Institut za etnologiju i folkloristiku, Jesenski i Turk, Zagreb, 2020., 427 str. 12) Marijana Belaj: Antropologija izvan akademije – osvrt na Godišnji skup HED-a 2020: Etnografska istraživanja na tržišt

Prikazi

1) Senka Božić-Vrbančić, Jelena Kupsjak: Feral Atlas. The More-Than-Human Anthropocene, Anna Tsing, Jannifer Deger, Alder Keleman Saxena i Feifei Zhou, ur., Stanford University Press, Stanford, 2020. 2) Maja Flajsig: Ekofeminizam. Između ženskih i zelenih studija, Goran Đurđević i Suzana Marjanić, ur., Durieux, Zagreb, 2020., 479 str. 3) Tanja Petrović: Transformacija rada. Narativi, prakse, režimi, Ozren Biti i Reana Senjković, ur., Institut za etnologiju i folkloristiku, Zagreb, 2021, 388 str. 4) Velna Rončević: Anne Allison, Precarious Japan, Duke University Press, Durham, 2013., 256 str. 5) Andrea Matošević: Priče iz konzerve. Povijest prerade i konzerviranja riba na sjeveroistočnom Jadranu, Iva Kosmos, Tanja Petrović i Martin Pogačar, ur., Srednja Europa, Zagreb, 2020., 301 str. 6) Iva Grubiša: Jasna Čapo, Dva doma. Hrvatska radna migracija u Njemačku kao transnacionalni fenomen, Durieux, Zagreb, 2019., 392. str. 7) Ljiljana Marks: Olga Supek, Ljeto u Detroitu. Studija jedne lokalne četvrti iz perspektive ekonomske antropologije, Hrvatsko etnološko društvo, Zagreb, 2020., 179 str. 8) Iris Biškupić Bašić: Katarina Bušić, Zbirka narodnih nošnji hrvatske dijaspore (The Croatian Diaspora Folk Clothing Collection), Etnografski muzej, Zagreb, 2019., 192 str. 9) Andrea Klobučar: Kapa dolje! Priča o (ne)pokrivanju glave, Mareta Kurtin, ur. Etnografski muzej, Zagreb, 2019., 344 str. 10) Tea Škokić: Liber Monstrorum Balcanorum. Čudovišni svijet europske margine, Miranda Levanat-Peričić i Tomislav Oroz, ur., Jesenski i Turk i Institut za etnologiju i folkloristiku, Zagreb, 2019., 371 str. 11) Olga Orlić: Devedesete. Kratki rezovi, Orlanda Obad i Petar Bagarić, ur., Institut za etnologiju i folkloristiku, Jesenski i Turk, Zagreb, 2020., 427 str. 12) Marijana Belaj: Antropologija izvan akademije – osvrt na Godišnji skup HED-a 2020: Etnografska istraživanja na tržišt

Quantifying the habitat and zoogeomorphic capabilities of spawning European barbel Barbus barbus, a lithophilous cyprinid

Suitable gravel availability is critical for the spawning success of lithophilous fishes, including redd builders. Redd construction during spawning can alter substrate characteristics, thereby influencing hydraulic conditions and sediment transport, highlighting the importance of spawning as a zoogeomorphic activity. Here, interactions between redd‐building fish and their spawning environment were investigated for European barbel Barbus barbus with a comparative approach across three English rivers: Teme (western), Great Ouse (eastern) and Idle (central). Sediment characteristics of spawning habitats were similar across the rivers, including subsurface fine sediment (<2 mm) content (≈20% dry weight), but elevated subsurface silt content and coarser surface sediments were found in the river Teme. Water velocities were similar at spawning sites despite differences in channel width and depth. Redds were characterized by a pit and tailspill, with no differences in surface grain‐size characteristics between these and the surrounding riverbed, but with topographic alteration (dimensions and tailspill amplitude) in line with those of salmonids. Estimates of the fraction of the bed that spawning barbel were capable of moving exceeded 97% in all rivers. Estimated reproductive potential varied significantly between the rivers Idle and Teme (3,098 to 9,715 eggs/m2), which was largely due to differences in barbel lengths affecting fecundity. Larger barbel, capable of producing and depositing more eggs, but in more spatially extensive redds, meaning fewer redds per given surface area of riverbed. Predictions of barbel egg mortality based on sand content were low across both rivers. The effects of silt on barbel egg and larvae development are unknown, but the levels detected here would significantly impact salmon egg mortality. Similarities in fish length to redd area and the size of moveable grains by spawning barbel and salmon suggest they have similar geomorphic effects on sediments, although fine sediment tolerance is highly divergent

UPDATE ON GUIDELINES FOR PHARMACOLOGICAL TREATMENT OF MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS BY THE CROATIAN SOCIETY FOR NEUROVASCULAR DISORDERS OF THE CROATIAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION AND CROATIAN SOCIETY OF NEUROIMMUNOLOGY AND NEUROGENETICS

Multipla skleroza (MS) je bolest središnjeg živčanog sustava koja se prezentira brojnim simptomima iz različitih funkcijskih cjelina toga sustava. Kako se posljednjih godina povećao broj dostupnih lijekova, ukazuje se potreba trajne provjere saznanja o dijagnostici i liječenju ove bolesti putem medicine temeljene na dokazima. Time se nameće i potreba kontinuiranog obnavljanja nacionalnih i međunarodnih smjernica, u našem slučaju, na razini regionalnih smjernica Europskog odbora za liječenje i istraživanje multiple skleroze (engl. ECTRIMS, European Committee of Treatment and Research in Multiple Sclerosis) i Europske neurološke akademije (engl. EAN, European Academy of Neurology) s ciljem omogućavanja najbolje medicinske terapije za svakog bolesnika, koja je temeljena na individualiziranom pristupu. Temelji novih smjernica su nedavno ažurirane EAN-ove preporuke za razvoj smjernica, koje su rezultat iscrpnog istraživanja literature do prosinca 2016. godine. S obzirom na rizik od sistemske pogreške, kvaliteta dokaza za svaki ishod bila je stupnjevana u četiri kategorije kako slijedi: vrlo visoka, visoka, niska i vrlo niska. S obzirom na kvalitetu dokaza te omjera rizika i dobrobiti preporukama je pridružena snažna i slaba jačina. Pozornost istraživanja bila je usmjerena na nekoliko najvažnijih pitanja, koja su obuhvaćala uspješnost liječenja, odgovor na primijenjenu terapiju, strategiju za prepoznavanje odgovarajućeg odgovora i sigurnost, te terapijsku strategiju liječenja multiple skleroze u trudnoći. Smjernicama su obuhvaćeni svi lijekovi koji modifi ciraju tijek bolesti, a koji su odobreni od strane Europske agencije za lijekove (engl. EMA, European Medicine Agency). U posebne skupine raspoređeni su bolesnici s klinički izoliranim sindromom koji ne ispunjavaju dijagnostičke kriterije za klinički defi nitivnu MS, dok su bolesnici s dokazanom MS podijeljeni s obzirom na različite kliničke podtipove MS-a sukladno važećim dijagnostičkim smjernicama.Multiple sclerosis (MS) affects the central nervous system (CNS) and presents by numerous symptoms from different CNS functional systems. As the number of available treatments has increased in recent years, the need has emerged for continuous evaluation on MS diagnosis and treatment based on evidence-based medicine. This implies the need for continuous renewal of national and international guidelines, in our case, based on the regional guidelines of the European Committee for Treatment and Research in Multiple Sclerosis and European Academy of Neurology (EAN) with the aim of providing the best medical therapy for each patient, based on an individualized approach. These new guidelines are based on the recently updated EAN recommendations that have been derived as the result of exhaustive literature research as of December 2016. Given the risk of system error, the quality of evidence for each outcome has been subdivided into four categories, as follows: very high, high, low and very low. Given the quality of evidence and the risk and benefit ratio, the recommendations are accompanied by strong and weak strength. The research was focused on several key issues, including treatment effectiveness, response to therapy applied, strategy for recognizing appropriate response and safety, and therapeutic strategy for MS treatment during pregnancy. The guidelines cover all medicines that modify the course of the disease and are approved by the European Medicines Agency. Patients with clinically isolated syndrome that do not meet diagnostic criteria for clinically definitive MS have been assigned to special groups while patients with proven MS are divided into different clinical subtypes of MS in accordance with valid diagnostic guidelines

UPDATE ON GUIDELINES FOR PHARMACOLOGICAL TREATMENT OF MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS BY THE CROATIAN SOCIETY FOR NEUROVASCULAR DISORDERS OF THE CROATIAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION AND CROATIAN SOCIETY OF NEUROIMMUNOLOGY AND NEUROGENETICS

Multipla skleroza (MS) je bolest središnjeg živčanog sustava koja se prezentira brojnim simptomima iz različitih funkcijskih cjelina toga sustava. Kako se posljednjih godina povećao broj dostupnih lijekova, ukazuje se potreba trajne provjere saznanja o dijagnostici i liječenju ove bolesti putem medicine temeljene na dokazima. Time se nameće i potreba kontinuiranog obnavljanja nacionalnih i međunarodnih smjernica, u našem slučaju, na razini regionalnih smjernica Europskog odbora za liječenje i istraživanje multiple skleroze (engl. ECTRIMS, European Committee of Treatment and Research in Multiple Sclerosis) i Europske neurološke akademije (engl. EAN, European Academy of Neurology) s ciljem omogućavanja najbolje medicinske terapije za svakog bolesnika, koja je temeljena na individualiziranom pristupu. Temelji novih smjernica su nedavno ažurirane EAN-ove preporuke za razvoj smjernica, koje su rezultat iscrpnog istraživanja literature do prosinca 2016. godine. S obzirom na rizik od sistemske pogreške, kvaliteta dokaza za svaki ishod bila je stupnjevana u četiri kategorije kako slijedi: vrlo visoka, visoka, niska i vrlo niska. S obzirom na kvalitetu dokaza te omjera rizika i dobrobiti preporukama je pridružena snažna i slaba jačina. Pozornost istraživanja bila je usmjerena na nekoliko najvažnijih pitanja, koja su obuhvaćala uspješnost liječenja, odgovor na primijenjenu terapiju, strategiju za prepoznavanje odgovarajućeg odgovora i sigurnost, te terapijsku strategiju liječenja multiple skleroze u trudnoći. Smjernicama su obuhvaćeni svi lijekovi koji modifi ciraju tijek bolesti, a koji su odobreni od strane Europske agencije za lijekove (engl. EMA, European Medicine Agency). U posebne skupine raspoređeni su bolesnici s klinički izoliranim sindromom koji ne ispunjavaju dijagnostičke kriterije za klinički defi nitivnu MS, dok su bolesnici s dokazanom MS podijeljeni s obzirom na različite kliničke podtipove MS-a sukladno važećim dijagnostičkim smjernicama.Multiple sclerosis (MS) affects the central nervous system (CNS) and presents by numerous symptoms from different CNS functional systems. As the number of available treatments has increased in recent years, the need has emerged for continuous evaluation on MS diagnosis and treatment based on evidence-based medicine. This implies the need for continuous renewal of national and international guidelines, in our case, based on the regional guidelines of the European Committee for Treatment and Research in Multiple Sclerosis and European Academy of Neurology (EAN) with the aim of providing the best medical therapy for each patient, based on an individualized approach. These new guidelines are based on the recently updated EAN recommendations that have been derived as the result of exhaustive literature research as of December 2016. Given the risk of system error, the quality of evidence for each outcome has been subdivided into four categories, as follows: very high, high, low and very low. Given the quality of evidence and the risk and benefit ratio, the recommendations are accompanied by strong and weak strength. The research was focused on several key issues, including treatment effectiveness, response to therapy applied, strategy for recognizing appropriate response and safety, and therapeutic strategy for MS treatment during pregnancy. The guidelines cover all medicines that modify the course of the disease and are approved by the European Medicines Agency. Patients with clinically isolated syndrome that do not meet diagnostic criteria for clinically definitive MS have been assigned to special groups while patients with proven MS are divided into different clinical subtypes of MS in accordance with valid diagnostic guidelines

Smjernice za dijagnostiku i liječenje bolesnika s vratoboljom – 1. dio

Vratobolja je jedna od najčešćih mišićnokoštanih bolesti koja rezultira značajnom boli i nesposobnosti te ima velik utjecaj na individualnoj razini, kao i na zdravstveni sustav i društvo u cjelini. Uzroci vratobolje su različiti, a etiološki prevladavaju oni mehanički povezani s degenerativnim promjenama vratne kralješnice. Svjedočimo raznim dijagnostičkim i terapijskim pristupima za ove bolesnike. Hrvatsko vertebrološko društvo Hrvatskoga liječničkog zbora predstavlja sveobuhvatni narativni pregled i smjernice za dijagnozu i liječenje bolesnika s vratoboljom, s naglaskom na najčešće uzroke. Smjernice su rezultat konsenzusa stručnjaka različitih specijalnosti, a temelje se na najboljim dokazima. Ovaj prvi dio odnosi se na dijagnostiku, a drugi njemu komplementarni dio odnosi se na terapiju. Dijagnostički dio smjernica (1. dio) obuhvaća: klinička obilježja i evaluaciju (uključivo strukturirane upitnike), laboratorijsku dijagnostiku, slikovne metode, neurofiziološko testiranje i minimalno invazivne dijagnostičke postupke. Dio smjernica o liječenju (2. dio) uključuje: farmakološko liječenje, tjelesne medicinske vježbe, trakciju, manualnu terapiju, metode fizikalne terapije, primjenu ortoza, minimalno invazivne terapijske intervencije, kirurško liječenje, rehabilitaciju nakon kirurških zahvata i psihijatrijski pristup. Ovo su prve hrvatske smjernice za vratobolju primarno namijenjene liječničkoj profesionalnoj zajednici