Türkiye bağlamında Covid-19 salgınının tüketicinin davranışsal tepkileri üzerindeki etkisi

Covid-19 pandemic has a significant effect on consumer behaviours. This study examines four types of consumer behavioral responses with a new conceptual model of panic buying behaviour. The study investigated the influence of perceived scarcity, perceived threat and Covid-19 situational variables on consumers’ brand switching, product trial, purchase acceleration and stockpiling behaviours during the early times of pandemic. Using an online survey, the data were obtained from 262 Turkish consumers. The findings revealed that consumers’ perceived threat during the pandemic has significantly correlated with brand switching, product trial, purchase acceleration and stockpiling behaviours, whereas the perceived scarcity has only influenced the product trial behaviours. Finally, situational variables were found to have a statistically significant influence on brand switching and product trial behaviours. The results acknowledge the importance of preparation of the brands and retailers for effective and quick responses to consumers in the face of an extraordinary social situation such as pandemic.Covid-19 salgını, tüketici davranışları üzerinde önemli bir etkiye sahiptir. Bu çalışma, yeni bir panik satın alma davranışı kavramsal modeliyle dört tür tüketici davranış tepkilerini incelemektedir. Çalışma, salgının ilk zamanlarında algılanan kıtlık, algılanan tehdit ve Covid-19’un durumsal faktörlerinin tüketicilerin marka değiştirme, ürün denemesi, satın almayı hızlandırma ve stoklama davranışları üzerindeki etkisini araştırmaktadır. Araştırma verileri, çevrimiçi anket aracılığıyla 262 tüketiciden elde edilmiştir. Covid-19 sırasında tüketicilerin algıladığı tehdidin marka değiştirme, ürün denemesi, satın almayı hızlandırma ve stoklama davranışlarıyla önemli ölçüde ilişkili olduğu, ancak algılanan kıtlığın yalnızca ürün deneme davranışını etkilediği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Son olarak, durumsal faktörlerin marka değiştirme ve ürün deneme davranışları üzerinde anlamlı bir etkiye sahip olduğu ortaya konmuştur. Araştırma sonuçları, pandemi gibi olağanüstü bir sosyal durum karşısında markaların ve perakendecilerin tüketicilere etkili ve hızlı yanıt vermeye hazırlanmasının önemini göstermektedir.Publisher's Versio

Premenstruel sendrom ile tip D kişilik ilişkisi

Objective Type D personality, defined as the presence of two personality characters -negative affectivity (NA) and social inhibition (SI), is associated with various disorders. The aim of our study was to investigate the association between Type D personality and premenstruel syndrome (PMS). Material and Methods A total of 286 female (86 with PMS and 200 control) were recruited for the study. The mean age of the participants was 21.28 ± 0.12 years. Data were obtained from the Premenstrual Syndrome Scale, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-21) and Type D Personality Scale (DS14). SPSS 22 (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) program was used to evaluate the data. Statistical significance level was accepted as p<0.05. T test was used to compare continuous variables, chi-square test was used to compare categorical data, and pearson correlation test was used to determine the relationships between continuous variables. Results Depression and Type D personality were found to be significantly more common in the PMS group than in the control group (p<0.0001). Type D personality was positively correlation with PMS and BDI-21 (r=0.434, p<0.0001; OD (r=0.621, p<0.0001). Conclusion A positive relationship was found between PMS and depression and Type D personality. Prospective studies with a large number of patients are needed to better understand the underlying mechanisms.Amaç Negatif duygulanım ve Sosyal içe dönüklük olmak üzere iki kişilik karakterinin varlığı olarak tanımlanan D tipi kişiliğin, çeşitli hastalıklarla ilişkili olduğu bilinmektedir. Çalışmamızın amacı, Tip D kişilik ile premenstruel sendrom (PMS) arasındaki ilişkiyi araştırmaktır. Gereç ve Yöntem Çalışmaya toplam 286 kadın (PMS:86; kontrol:200) dahil edildi. Yaş ortalamaları 21,28 ± 0,12 di. Veriler Premenstrüel Sendrom Ölçeği, Beck Depresyon Envanteri (BDI-21), D Tipi kişilik Ölçeği (DS14) sonuçlarından elde edildi. Verilerin değerlendirilmesi için SPSS 22 (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) programı kullanıldı. İstatistiksel anlamlılık düzeyi p<0,05 olarak kabul edildi. Sürekli değişkenlerin karşılaştırılmasında t testi, kategorik verilerin karşılaştırılmasında ki-kare testi, sürekli değişkenler arasındaki ilişkileri belirlemek için pearson korelasyon testi kullanıldı. Bulgular Depresyon ve D Tipi kişilik, PMS grubunda kontrol grubuna göre anlamlı olarak daha yaygın bulundu. (p<0.0001). D tipi kişilik ile, PMS ve BDI-21 arasında pozitif korelasyon tespit edildi (r=0,434 p<0.0001,r=0,621 p<0.0001). Sonuç PMS ile depresyon ve D Tipi kişilik arasında pozitif ilişki tespit edildi. Altta yatan mekanizmaları daha iyi anlayabilmek için ileriye dönük, çok hasta sayılı çalışmalar yapılması gerekmektedir

Sınıf V Kavitelerde Kendinden Bağlanabilen Akışkan Kompozitlerin Mikrosızıntılarının Karşılaştırılması

Amaç: Bu in vitro çalışmanın amacı; sınıf V kavitelere uygulanan kendinden bağlanabilen akışkan kompozitler ile üç farklı adeziv sistemle (etch &amp; rinse, iki aşamalı self-etch ve tek aşamalı self-etch) birlikte uygulanan akışkan kompozitlerin mikrosızıntı değerlerinin karşılaştırılmasıdır.Gereç-Yöntem: Çürüksüz insan molar dişlerinin bukkal ve lingual/palatinal yüzeylerinde yetmiş beş adet standart sınıf V kavite hazırlandı. Kavitelerin oklüzal kenarları minede gingival kenarları dişeti kenarından mine-sement birleşiminin 1 mm altında olacak şekilde yer aldı. Preperasyonu tamamlanan örnekler, rastgele 5 alt gruba ayrıldı: (1) self-adeziv [Fusio Liquid Dentin (FLD)], (2) self-adeziv [Vertise Flow (VF)], (3) adeziv (etch &amp; rinse) [Gel Etchant/Optibond FL/Clearfil Majesty Flowable] (3ER-AK), (4) adeziv (iki aşamalı self-etch) [Clearfil SE Bond/Clearfil Majesty Flowable] (2SE-AK), (5) adeziv (tek aşama self-etch) [Clearfil S3 Bond Plus/Clearfil Majesty Flowable] (1SE-AK). Termal siklüs ve %0.5’lik bazik fuksin boya uygulamasından sonra, örneklerden kesitler alındı ve stereomikroskop altında boya penetrasyon dereceleri skorlandı (n=30). Sonuçlar istatiksel olarak Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney U ve Wilcoxon Signed Ranks testleri uygulanarak değerlendirildi.Bulgular: Kavitelerin mine yüzeyinde; VF, FLD, 3ER-AK grupları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark göstermezken, 2SE-AK ve 1SE-AK grupları istatistiksel olarak anlamlı derecede daha yüksek mikrosızıntı değerleri gösterdi (p &lt; 0.05). Kavitelerin dentin yüzeyinde ise 3ER-AK ve 2SE-AK grupları, VF, FLD ve 1SE-AK gruplarından istatistiksel olarak anlamlı derecede düşük mikrosızıntı değerleri gösterdi (p&lt; 0.05). 2SE-AK ve 1SE-AK grupları mine yüzeyinde daha yüksek mikrosızıntı değerleri gösterirken, VF ve FLD grupları dentin yüzeyinde daha fazla mikrosızıntı değeri gösterdi (p&lt;0.05).Sonuç: Kendiden bağlanabilen akışkan kompozitlerin her ikisi de mine yüzeyinde etch &amp; rinse adeziv/akışkan kompozitle benzer mikrosızıntı değerleri göstermiştir. Dentin yüzeyinde ise kendiden bağlanabilen akışkan kompozitler, etch &amp; rinse adeziv/akışkan kompozit ve iki aşamalı self-etch adeziv/akışkan kompozit gruplarına göre daha fazla mikrosızıntı oluşturmuştur

Plastic occurrence in commercial fish species of the Black Sea

The occurrence of micro- ( 5 mm), meso- (5-25 mm) and macroplastics ( 25mm) was investigated in seven commercial fish species of the Black Sea. Plastics were found in gastrointestinal track of all species analysed: Engraulis encrasicolus, Trachurus mediterraneus, Sarda sarda, Belone belone, Pomatus saltatrix, Merlangius merlangus and Mullus barbatus. A total of 352 plastic particles were removed from 190 individuals (29% of all individuals examined). The mean number of plastic particles per fish was 0.81 +/- 1.42 par.ind-1 (considering all fish analysed, n=650) and 2.06 +/- 1.09 par.ind-1 (considering only the fish that ingested plastic, n=190). The most common types of plastics were fibres (68.5%), followed by films (19%), fragments (11.9%), foams (0.3 %) and microbeads (0.3%). The most common plastic colour was black (39.3%) followed by blue (19.5%) and transparent (18.1%). The length of plastics ranged from 0.05 to 26.5 mm with an average of 1.84 +/- 2.80 mm. 93.2% of plastics were microplastics, 6.5 % as mesoplastics and 0.3% macroplastics. Plastic occurrence was higher in S. sarda (plastic in 70% of the analysed individuals) and lower in M. merlangus (plastic in 9% of the analysed individuals). The main synthetic polymers identified by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy were polypropylene (29.8%), polyester (17.5%), acrylic (15.8%), polyethylene (14%) and polystyrene (1.8%) and 21.1% of polymers were cellulosic. Results show that commercial fish of the Black Sea is contaminated by plastics. This might affect vital functions of fish and pose a risk to ecosystem and human health. The study contributes to a better understanding of the status of plastic pollution in the fish from different habitats of the Black Sea and provides baseline data to implement the Marine Strategy Framework Directive in the basin

The Effect of Lactic Acid Based Propolis Addition on The Shelf Life of Fresh Strawberry Juice

Anthocyanins, carotenoids, vitamins, flavonoids, aroma volatiles, and phenolics are among the natural antioxidants and other bioactive phytochemicals found in strawberries. Strawberry and strawberry juice is a perishable fruit, and as a result of the loss of antioxidants during storage, its health advantages to humans are diminished. It is now frequently used as strawberry fruit juice. The technique employed in juice processing, as well as the chemicals utilized, may have a negative impact on the nutritional content of the product. In this study, propolis extraction, lactic acid-based propolis extract was added to strawberry juice at varied rates (%0, %0,4, %0,7 ve %1), which has a high solvent effect and is not detrimental to health. The preservation effect of propolis emulsion on strawberry juice was tested in this study for up to 14 days. Strawberry juice was added with lactic acid-based propolis extract, which is non-toxic to humans, at various rates (%0, %0.4, %0.7 and %1). In the samples obtained, pH, total viable, mold-yeast, color, total phenolic substance and sensory analyzes performed. At the end of storage, the lowest pH value was measured as 2.20 in the sample with 1% propolis extract. The mold and yeast levels ranged from 4.867.36 log cfu/mL in the samples. As the concentration of propolis added to the strawberry juice increased, it was determined that the number of mold yeasts in the samples decreased. The sample with 0.7% propolis extract had the lowest total number of organisms on the 14th day of storage, with 2.90 log cfu/mL. It was determined that as the ratio of propolis extract added to strawberry juices increased, there was a decrease in the total number of viable samples. The phenolic content of strawberry juices was determined between 512.85 GAE mg kg(-1) and 2896.19 GAE mg kg-1, and it was determined that the total phenolic content increased as the ratio of propolis extract added to the strawberry juices increased (p<0.05). Strawberry juice with 0,7% propolis solution is prefered as optimum. Propolis can be utilized as a natural preservative in strawberry juice or other fruit juices instead of chemical preservatives, according to the findings

Post-traumatic stress disorder after terrorist attack in healthcare professionals

INTRODUCTION: On the date of 15 July 2016 a terrorist organization launched a terrorist attack using helicopters and heavy combat weapons in the city centers of Istanbul and Ankara simultaneously. Numerous civilian were hurt and many of them lost their lives during the attacks. Terrorism is a form of combat designed to cause the highest psychological influence on the masses. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is one of the most common psychological disorders after such disasters. The aim of this study is to determine the associated risk factors and PTSD rates in healthcare professionals who were on call during the 15 July 2016 terrorist attacks. METHOD: Since the hospital is in a neighbouring the street to where terror attacks occurred, all healthcare professionals ≥ 18 years of age who were on duty that night in the Dr. Ridvan Ege Training and Research Hospital and were auditory or visual witnesses of the event were included in the study as the first group while healthcare professionals who work in the same hospital but were not on duty that night were included as the control group. RESULTS: The mean post-traumatic diagnostic scale stress score of the control group was 11.87. The mean post-traumatic diagnostic scale stress score of the Group 1 was 21.91. There was a significant difference between the groups in terms of posttraumatic diagnostic scale stress score (p &lt; 0.05). While the healthcare professionals on duty on July 15, 2016 (Group 1) had moderate-severe (21.91 ± 5.11) stress disorder, the healthcare professionals who were not at the hospital on July 15, 2016 (Control Group) had moderate stress disorder (11.87 ± 6.86). CONCLUSION: Our country is at risk from the fact that such attacks may be experienced again because of its unique conditions. The results of our work support the data on the high level of exposure to PTSD when exposed to a terrorist attack. For this reason, the identification of the characteristics of pre-traumatic health individuals at risk is useful in planning the presentation of preventive and curative health services. At the same time, there is a need for longer-term work and wider samples to reveal the psychological consequences of such attacks

Valuing nature’s contributions to people: the IPBES approach

Nature is perceived and valued in starkly different and often conflicting ways. This paper presents the rationale for the inclusive valuation of nature’s contributions to people (NCP) in decision making, as well as broad methodological steps for doing so. While developed within the context of the Intergovernmental Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES), this approach is more widely applicable to initiatives at the knowledge–policy interface, which require a pluralistic approach to recognizing the diversity of values. We argue that transformative practices aiming at sustainable futures would benefit from embracing such diversity, which require recognizing and addressing power relationships across stakeholder groups that hold different values on human nature-relations and NCP

A Solve-RD ClinVar-based reanalysis of 1522 index cases from ERN-ITHACA reveals common pitfalls and misinterpretations in exome sequencing

Purpose Within the Solve-RD project (https://solve-rd.eu/), the European Reference Network for Intellectual disability, TeleHealth, Autism and Congenital Anomalies aimed to investigate whether a reanalysis of exomes from unsolved cases based on ClinVar annotations could establish additional diagnoses. We present the results of the “ClinVar low-hanging fruit” reanalysis, reasons for the failure of previous analyses, and lessons learned. Methods Data from the first 3576 exomes (1522 probands and 2054 relatives) collected from European Reference Network for Intellectual disability, TeleHealth, Autism and Congenital Anomalies was reanalyzed by the Solve-RD consortium by evaluating for the presence of single-nucleotide variant, and small insertions and deletions already reported as (likely) pathogenic in ClinVar. Variants were filtered according to frequency, genotype, and mode of inheritance and reinterpreted. Results We identified causal variants in 59 cases (3.9%), 50 of them also raised by other approaches and 9 leading to new diagnoses, highlighting interpretation challenges: variants in genes not known to be involved in human disease at the time of the first analysis, misleading genotypes, or variants undetected by local pipelines (variants in off-target regions, low quality filters, low allelic balance, or high frequency). Conclusion The “ClinVar low-hanging fruit” analysis represents an effective, fast, and easy approach to recover causal variants from exome sequencing data, herewith contributing to the reduction of the diagnostic deadlock