Palaeozoic-Recent geological development and uplift of the Amanos Mountains (S Turkey) in the critically located northwesternmost corner of the Arabian continent

<p>We have carried out a several-year-long study of the Amanos Mountains, on the basis of which we present new sedimentary and structural evidence, which we combine with existing data, to produce the first comprehensive synthesis in the regional geological setting. The ca. N-S-trending Amanos Mountains are located at the northwesternmost edge of the Arabian plate, near the intersection of the African and Eurasian plates. Mixed siliciclastic-carbonate sediments accumulated on the north-Gondwana margin during the Palaeozoic. Triassic rift-related sedimentation was followed by platform carbonate deposition during Jurassic-Cretaceous. Late Cretaceous was characterised by platform collapse and southward emplacement of melanges and a supra-subduction zone ophiolite. Latest Cretaceous transgressive shallow-water carbonates gave way to deeper-water deposits during Palaeocene-Eocene. Eocene southward compression, reflecting initial collision, resulted in open folding, reverse faulting and duplexing. Fluvial, lagoonal and shallow-marine carbonates accumulated during Late Oligocene(?)-Early Miocene, associated with basaltic magmatism. Intensifying collision during Mid-Miocene initiated a foreland basin that then infilled with deep-water siliciclastic gravity flows. Late Miocene-Early Pliocene compression created mountain-sized folds and thrusts, verging E in the north but SE in the south. The resulting surface uplift triggered deposition of huge alluvial outwash fans in the west. Smaller alluvial fans formed along both mountain flanks during the Pleistocene after major surface uplift ended. Pliocene-Pleistocene alluvium was tilted towards the mountain front in the west. Strike-slip/transtension along the East Anatolian Transform Fault and localised sub-horizontal Quaternary basaltic volcanism in the region reflect regional transtension during Late Pliocene-Pleistocene (<4 Ma).</p

Comparisons between Tethyan Anorthosite-bearing Ophiolites and Archean Anorthosite-bearing Layered Intrusions: Implications for Archean Geodynamic Processes

Elucidating the petrogenesis and geodynamic setting(s) of anorthosites in Archean layered intrusions and Tethyan ophiolites has significant implications for crustal evolution and growth throughout Earth history. Archean anorthosite-bearing layered intrusions occur on every continent. Tethyan ophiolites occur in Europe, Africa, and Asia. In this contribution, the field, petrographic, petrological, and geochemical characteristics of 100 Tethyan anorthosite-bearing ophiolites and 155 Archean anorthosite-bearing layered intrusions are compared. Tethyan anorthosite-bearing ophiolites range from Devonian to Paleocene in age, are variably composite, contain anorthosites with highly calcic (An44-100) plagioclase and magmatic amphibole. These ophiolites formed predominantly at convergent plate margins, with some forming in mid-ocean ridge, continental rift, and mantle plume settings. The predominantly convergent plate margin tectonic setting of Tethyan anorthosite-bearing ophiolites is indicated by negative Nb and Ti anomalies and magmatic amphibole. Archean anorthosite-bearing layered intrusions are Eoarchean to Neoarchean in age, have megacrystic anorthosites with highly calcic (An20-100) plagioclase and magmatic amphibole and are interlayered with gabbros and leucogabbros and intrude pillow basalts. These Archean layered intrusions are interpreted to have predominantly formed at convergent plate margins, with the remainder forming in mantle plume, continental rift, oceanic plateau, post-orogenic, anorogenic, mid-ocean ridge, and passive continental margin settings. These layered intrusions predominantly crystallized from hydrous Ca- and Al-rich tholeiitic magmas. The field, petrographic and geochemical similarities between Archean and Tethyan anorthosites indicate that they were produced by similar geodynamic processes mainly in suprasubduction zone settings. We suggest that Archean anorthosite-bearing layered intrusions and spatially associated greenstone belts represent dismembered subduction-related Archean ophiolites

Modeling of underground gas storage in a depleted gas field

It is possible to predict the behavior of fluids in permeable and porous medium under different operating conditions by using reservoir models. Since geological data and reservoir properties can be defined most accurately by reservoir models, it has been accepted as a reliable prediction tool among reservoir engineers. In this study, a gas reservoir has been modeled with IMEX Module of CMG Reservoir Simulator. Rock properties, gas composition and certain production data were entered to the model as input data and the measured field data were matched with simulated ones. After the 5 year depletion of the reservoir by vertical wells, the average reservoir pressure dropped from an original reservoir pressure of 2150 psi to 1200 psi. This depleted reservoir was planned to be used for gas storage purposes. The remaining gas was used as cushion gas during the conversion of this reservoir to an underground gas storage field. Afterwards, horizontal wells were defined in the model and certain production/injection scenarios were simulated for the gas storage operation

In vivo effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury and apoptotic changes in rats

Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) has been reported to induce apoptotic cellular death in myocardium. This study tested the hypothesis that caffeic acid phenethyl ester ( CAPE), one of the active components of propolis, may ameliorate myocardial apoptosis and oxidative myocardial injury. Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups: (i) sham operated, (ii) I/R, (iii) I/R+ CAPE, and (iv) I/R+ glutathione (GSH). CAPE ( 10 mu mol/kg) was infused iv 10 min before occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery ( 30 min) followed by reperfusion ( 120 min). GSH ( 5 mg/kg) was infused iv after the occlusion and immediately before reperfusion. The TdT-mediated in situ nick end-labeling ( TUNEL) method was used to evaluate apoptotic activity. I/R resulted in myocardial apoptosis, alterations of antioxidant status, elevation of serum creatine kinase (CK) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities, evidence of lipid peroxidation, and elevated nitric oxide levels, compared to the sham-operation group. No apoptotic cells were found in the myocardial tissue of sham-operated rats. The TUNEL-positive myocardial cells averaged 60%, 30%, and 40% in the I/R, I/R+ CAPE, and I/R+ GSH groups, respectively. This study demonstrates that pretreatment with CAPE provides cardio-protection from I/R injury. The I/R+ CAPE group showed reduced apoptosis, attenuated NO production, elevated myocardial superoxide dismutase ( SOD) activity, and diminished serum CK and AST activities, compared to the I/R group

The Water Disinfection with Different Type UV Lamp Systems on Bacterial Load in Small Scale Recirculating Aquaculture Systems

The present study was planned with the aim of inactivating the total bacterial load and species in tilapia fish tanks kept in fresh and seawater conditions with high stock density with different UV lamp models. In this context, the UVC+UVA-Led lamp system was compared with the conventional UVC lamp system and the total bacterial load in the tanks and the inactivation effect on the bacterial species were determined. Total bacterial load on the medium and bacteria species were identified in terms of their morphological characteristics using the spread plate method. Bacteria that emerged at different times in the trial sets were identified as Edwardsiella tarda, Salmonella sp., Aeromonas hydrophila, Pantoea sp., Citrobacter youngae, Serratia ficaria and Citrobacter freundii. The total bacterial load in both freshwater and seawater environments in both lamp groups showed a decrease compared to the control group. With this, the conventional lamp model was more effective on the total bacterial load in the samples taken during the trial. Although all bacteria were inactive in both lamp groups, Serratia ficaria bacteria were not eliminated in the seawater environment. The results show that UV LEDs can be a better alternative to traditional UV mercury lamps for water disinfection. © 2024, Central Fisheries Research Inst. All rights reserved

Petrology of ultramafic to mafic cumulate rocks from the Göksun (Kahramanmaraş) ophiolite, southeast Turkey

The Göksun (Kahramanmaraş) ophiolite (GKO), cropping out in a tectonic window bounded by the Malatya metamorphic unit on both the north and south, is located in the EW-trending lower nappe zone of the southeast Anatolian orogenic belt (Turkey). It exhibits a complete oceanic lithospheric section and overlies the Middle Eocene Maden Group/Complex with a tectonic contact at its base. The ophiolitic rocks and the tectonically overlying Malatya metamorphic (continental) unit were intruded by I-type calc-alkaline Late Cretaceous granitoid (~81–84 Ma). The ultramafic to cumulates in the GKO are represented by wehrlite, plagioclase wehrlite, olivine gabbro and gabbro. The crystallization order for the cumulate rocks is as follows: olivine ± chromian spinel›clinopyroxene›plagioclase. The major and trace element geochemistry as well as the mineral chemistry of the ultramafic to mafic cumulate rocks suggest that the primary magma generating the GKO is compositionally similar to that observed in the modern island-arc tholeiitic sequences. The mineral chemistry of the ultramafic to mafic cumulates indicates that they were derived from a mantle source that was previously depleted by earlier partial melting events. The highly magnesian olivine (Fo77–83), clinopyroxene (Mg# of 82–90) and the highly Ca-plagioclase (An81–89) exhibit a close similarity to those, which formed in a supra-subduction zone (SSZ) setting. The field and the geochemical evidence suggest that the GKO formed as part of a much larger sheet of oceanic lithosphere, which accreted to the base of the Tauride active continental margin, including the İspendere, Kömürhan and the Guleman ophiolites. The latter were contemporaneous and genetically/tectonically related within the same SSZ setting during the closure of the Neotethyan oceanic basin (Berit Ocean) between the Taurides to the north and the Bitlis-Pütürge massif to the south during the Late Cretaceous. © 2019 China University of Geosciences (Beijing) and Peking UniversityGovernment Council on Grants, Russian Federation Firat University Scientific Research Projects Management Unit: MMF2002BAP41 YDABÇAG-199Y011Emilio Saccani, Laura Gaggero and anonymous reviewer are thanked for their constructive and very valuable comments that improved the quality of the paper. The authors would like to thank Fabio Capponi for performing XRF major and trace element analyses at Geneva (Switzerland) University. Dan Topa is thanked for his guidance during the microprobe analysis at Salzburg (Austria) University. This research was supported by TÜBİTAK ( YDABÇAG-199Y011 ) and the Çukurova University Scientific Research Projects ( MMF2002BAP41 ). OP acknowledges the Open Fund (GPMR201702) of State Key Lab of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan. CI acknowledges subsidy by the Russian Government to support the Program of competitive growth of Kazan Federal University. Appendix

Extract of Calvatia gigantea inhibits proliferation of A549 human lung cancer cells.

In this study, in order to investigate the anticancer mechanism of Calvatia gigantea extract, edible mushroom species, which belong to Lycoperdaceae family, changes of CCND1, CCND2, CDK4, p21, Akt, Bax, Bcl-2, p53, caspase-3 and caspase-9 were evaluated in A549 lung cancer cells. Cytotoxic effect of C. gigantea extract was evaluated by using XTT (2,3-bis-(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5 carboxanilide). The C. gigantea extract was treated in a time and dose dependent manner within the range 25 μg/ml-2 mg/ml to determine the IC50 dose. IC50 dose for C. gigantea extract was detected as 500 μg/ml for 72 h. According to expression results, while CCND1, CCND2, CDK4, Akt and Bcl-2 expression clearly decreased, Bax, p53, caspase-3 and caspase-9 expression clearly increased in the dose group cells (A549 cells treated with 500 μg/ml dose of C. gigantea extract for 72 h). However, there was no change in p21 expression. C. gigantea extract induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis by decreasing the CCND1, CCND2, CDK4, Akt and Bcl-2 expression and by increasing Bax, p53, caspase-3 and caspase-9 expression in A549 cells. Mushrooms are eukaryotic organisms heavily used because of their supposedly anticancer effect. Many mushroom species have been used for medical purposes, as a result of also having many effects such as antibiotic, antiviral and anticancer effects. It is thought that the C. gigantea extract may be a significant agent for treatment of lung cancer as a single agent or in combination with other drugs