Cumhuriyetin 100. Yılında Türk Dış Politikasına Dair Bir Değerlendirme: Güvenlik Arayışından Güvenlik Sağlayan Küresel Oyunculuğa

Geçen yüz yıl zarfında Türkiye, uluslararası sistemdeki aktörlerle tarihsel ilişkileri göz önüne alındığında kendi ulusal çıkarları doğrultusunda pragmatik etkileşim ağları örebilen, uluslararası sistemin bağlamsal baskıları altında değişim getiren hamleler yapabilen, ilgili aktörlerle her konuda anlaşamasa da ilişki ağlarını iş birliğine yönelik şekilde sürdürme becerisine sahip, etkileşimlerini jeopolitik konumunun bir gereği olarak dengede tutabilen bir aktör olarak gözükmektedir. Türk dış politikasının 100 yıllık seyrini neden-sonuç ilişkileriyle incelemenin güçlüğüne rağmen bu makale tarihsel süreci dikkate alarak Türk dış politikasının 2023 yılındaki portresini betimleyici bir alt yapı ile yeni bir çerçevede yorumlamaktadır. Cumhuriyet’in 100. yılında, dünyada jeopolitik kırılmaların yaşandığı bir dönemde, küresel bir oyuncu ve güvenlik sağlayan bir aktör olan Türkiye’nin bu kırılmalardan en fazla etkilenen ve etkilenecek olan ülkelerden biri olduğu söylenebilir. Bu bağlam içerisinde, Türk dış politikasına dair dört temel özellikten söz edilebileceğini savunan makale, bu iddiayı ilgili veri, gözlem ve örneklerle açıklamaya çalışmıştır. Bu argüman, Türkiye’nin diplomatik kapasite ve yeteneklerindeki gelişimin, uluslararası düzen içerisinde Türk dış politikasını etki sahasını da genişleterek daha etkili bir hâle getirme yöneliminde olduğu; Türkiye’nin, güç merkezleri olarak ifade edilebilecek Amerika Birleşik Devletleri (ABD), Avrupa Birliği (AB), Çin ve Rusya ile etkileşimde bulunma ve çıkarlarını denge politikasıyla sağlama eğiliminde olduğu; Türkiye’nin uluslararası sistem içerisinde güvenlik sağlayan bir aktör konumuna geldiği ve Türk dış politikasının son 100 yıllık tecrübesinin, Türkiye’yi uluslararası sistemde daha dirençli bir aktöre dönüştürebilecek unsurlar içerdiği şeklindedir

H pylori iceA alleles are disease-specific virulence factors

Aim: To characterize and compare genotype profiles of H pylori strains isolated from patients with chronic gastritis and duodenal ulcer in western part of Turkey. Methods: A total of 46 patients [30 chronic gastritis (CG) and 16 duodenal ulcer (DU)] who had undergone endoscopy because of dyspeptic complaints were studied. The antral biopsy specimens were evaluated for the presence of H pylori by rapid urease test and culture, and the genotype profiles were determined by real-time PCR. Results: The cagA gene was observed in 43 (93.5%) isolates. The vacA s1m2 genotype was the predominant subtype, found in 63.3% and 68.7% of isolates in patients with CG and DU, respectively. Twenty (66.6%) isolates from patients with CG were iceA2 positive while the iceA1 was predominant in those with DU (68.8%). In terms of the association of the iceA alleles to other genes, both alleles were significantly associated with the cagA vacA s1m2 genotype. Conclusion: The prevalent circulating genotypes in CG and DU were cagA vacA s1m2 iceA2 and cagA vacA s1m2 iceA1 genotype, respectively. It was found that cagA vacA s1m2 genotype seems to be common virulence factors in both CG and DU while iceA alleles show specificity for gastroduodenal pathologies in this study. © 2007 The WJG Press. All rights reserved

Dinâmicas e interacções no Médio Oriente e Magrebe

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Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms and haplotypes (Apa I, Bsm I, Fok I, Taq I) in Turkish psoriasis patients

Background: Psoriasis is an inflammatory disease characterized by increased squamous cell proliferation and impaired differentiation. Vitamin D, Calcitriol, and its analogues are successfully used for psoriasis therapy. However, it is unknown why some psoriasis patients are resistant to Vitamin D therapy. Vitamin D mediates its activity by a nuclear receptor. It is suggested that polymorphisms and haplotypes in the VDR gene may explain the differences in response to vitamin D therapy. Material/Methods: In this study, 102 psoriasis patients and 102 healthy controls were studied for VDR gene polymorphisms. The Fok I, Bsm I, Apa I and Taq I polymorphisms were examined by PCR-RFLP, and 50 subjects received vitamin D therapy to evaluate the association between VDR gene polymorphisms and response to vitamin D therapy. Existence of cutting site is shown by capital letters, and lack was shown by lower case. The haplotypes were analysed by CHAPLIN. Results: There was significant difference in allele frequency of T and genotype frequency of Tt between cases and controls (p values 0.038 and 0.04, respectively). The Aa and bb genotypes were significantly higher in early onset than late onset psoriasis (p values 0.008 and 0.04, respectively). The genotypes Ff, ff and TT are significantly different between vitamin D3 therapy responders and non-responders (p values 0.04, 0.0001, 0.009, respectively). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report showing importance of VDR gene haplotypes in psoriasis, the significance of the Wald and LR (Likelihood Ratio) statistics (p=0,0042) suggest that FfBbAatt is a disease-susceptibility haplotype. Conclusions: Haplotype analysis is a recent and commonly used method in genetic association studies. Our results reveal a previously unidentified susceptibility haplotype and indicate that certain haplotypes are important in the resistance to vitamin D3 therapy and the onset of psoriasis. The haplotypes can give valuable data where genotypes unable to do. © Med Sci Monit

Comparison of radon concentrations in soil gas and indoor environment of Afyonkarahisar province

It is well known that radon is the main source of natural radiation exposure to the population. Indoor radon concentrations in an area are affected by ascending radon migration following the convection of groundwater and soil gas along fractures and faults in the bedrock sediments. There are various studies showing that positive radon anomalies in the soil gas are found to coincide with the locations of houses showing the highest concentrations. Moreover, soil gas radon levels and soil permeability are important factors in determining the radon potential of an area, because high permeability enables the increased migration of radon from the soil into houses. Since radon in homes originates mainly from soil gas radon, it is of public interest to study the correlation between soil gas radon and indoor radon in different geographic locations. In the present work, a correlation study was carried in conjunction with radon concentrations in soil gas and indoor environment of Afyonkarahisar Province. The provincial center was assumed to be divided into four regions according to the rock types and tectonic structure to show also the geological structure effect on radon concentrations. The indoor radon concentrations were measured in 74 dwellings using CR-39 passive nuclear track detectors, and the radon concentrations in soil gas were determined in 243 drilled holes using AlphaGUARD detector. The correlation coefficient of 0.97 was obtained between radon concentrations in soil gas and indoor environment of Afyonkarahisar Province.Turkish Atomic Energy Authority Afyon Kocatepe University Science Research Projects Coordination Uni

İngiltere'nin Avrupa Entegrasyon Sürecine Yönelik Politikalarının Analizi.

Proje kapsamında İngilterenin Avrupa Entegrasyon Sürecine yönelik politikalarının tarihsel bağlamda analiz edilmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Proje kapsamında arşiv çalışması ve literatür taraması yapılmıştır. Eylül ayı içerisindede proje kapsamında yapılması planlanan mülakatların gerçekleştirilmesi için İngiltereye akademik saha araştırma amaçlı bir seyahat yapılması planlanmaktadır

Küresel iklim değişikliği politikasında farklılaşan bir aktör olarak Avrupa Birliği

This dissertation focus on the relationship with the international climate change policy and key actors’ positions on global climate negotiations. The main aim of this dissertation is to show that the European Union takes a different position than other international actors in terms of international climate change negotiation and policy. This distinction stems from the founding philosophy of the European Union and its environmentalist tradition. The argument of this dissertation is that whereas nation-states in general, great emitter states in particular, emphasize their national interests regarding climate change issues, the EU behaves in different way. This different behavior stems from the factors of ‘logic of action,’ ‘supranational decision-making mechanism’ and ‘its concern of spreading the EU standards.’ Despite the fact that there are different views on climate change policy among the EU members and the EU (because it is itself a great emitting body), these factors enable the EU to behave differently than other actors in the international climate change process.Bu tez uluslararası iklim değişikliği politikası ile küresel iklim müzakerelerindeki ana aktörlerin arasındaki ilişkiye odaklanmaktadır. Bu tezin temel amacı Avrupa Birliği'nin (AB) uluslararası iklim değişikliği müzakerelerinde diğer uluslararası aktörlerden farklı bir pozisyon almasını göstermektir. Bu farklılaşma Avrupa Birliği'nin kuruluş felsefesi ve AB'nin çevreci geleneğinden kaynaklanmaktadır. Bu tezin temel argümanı, genel anlamda ulus-devletler, özelde de büyük gaz emisyon yayıcısı devletler iklim değişikliği konusunda ulusal çıkarları çerçevesinde davranırken, Avrupa Birliği farklı bir şekilde davranmaktadır. Bu farklı davranış "davranış mantığı", "ulusüstü karar verme mekanizması" ve "AB'nin standartlarını yayma isteği" şeklinde üç unsurdan kaynaklanmaktadır. Aslında, Avrupa Birliği üyeleri arasında iklim değişikliği politikasında farklı görüşler olmasına rağmen, bu unsurlar uluslararası iklim değişikliğinde AB'nin diğer aktörlerden birlik seviyesinde farklı davranmasına imkan sağlamaktadır

Structural, electronic, and dynamical properties of the C(001)-(2 x 1) surface

We have made theoretical investigations of the atomic geometry, electronic structure, and lattice dynamics of the C(001)-(2x1) surface. The atomic geometry and electronic structure have been calculated by using the local density approximation of the density functional theory and ab initio pseudopotentials. Using our calculated atomic and electronic structures, surface lattice dynamics was studied by employing two different approaches: a linear response approach based on density functional perturbation theory, and an adiabatic bond-charge model. The phonon dispersion curves obtained from the two models are compared against each other in detail. In general, results from both models are in agreement with each other, with small differences due mainly to differences in the conceptual natures of these models. Our results from both methods are in good agreement with recent electron energy loss spectroscopy measurements. We have also provided a comparison of a few characteristic phonon modes on this surface with those on the Si(001)-(2x1) and Ge(001)-(2x1) surfaces

Ab initio investigation of surface phonons on the (001) surface of ZrC

We presented an ab initio pseudopotential study within the generalized gradient density functional approximation of the structural and electronic properties of the ZrC(0 0 1) surface. The calculated structural parameters for the ZrC(0 0 1) surface accord very well with previous experimental findings. The ZrC(0 0 1) surface is metallic, because at least one surface state crosses the Fermi level in the gap region of the projected electronic spectrum. Using our atomic and electronic structures, surface phonon dispersion curves are calculated by employing a linear response approach on the density functional perturbation theory. The calculated phonon spectrum compares very well with the experimental data The atomic displacement patterns of the zone-center and zone-edge phonon modes are presented and analyzed for the ZrC(0 0 1) surface, carefully. Using this analyzation, energy locations and polarization characteristics of Love, Wallis, Lucas, and Fuchs-Kliewer modes have been determined. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserve