11,608 research outputs found
Auxetic two-dimensional lattice with Poisson's Ratio arbitrarily close to -1
In this paper we propose a new lattice structure having macroscopic Poisson's
ratio arbitrarily close to the stability limit -1. We tested experimentally the
effective Poisson's ratio of the micro-structured medium; the uniaxial test has
been performed on a thermoplastic lattice produced with a 3d printing
technology. A theoretical analysis of the effective properties has been
performed and the expression of the macroscopic constitutive properties is
given in full analytical form as a function of the constitutive properties of
the elements of the lattice and on the geometry of the microstructure. The
analysis has been performed on three micro-geometry leading to an isotropic
behaviour for the cases of three-fold and six-fold symmetry and to a cubic
behaviour for the case of four-fold symmetry.Comment: 26 pages, 12 figures (26 subfigures
Measuring non-linear functionals of quantum harmonic oscillator states
Using only linear interactions and a local parity measurement we show how
entanglement can be detected between two harmonic oscillators. The scheme
generalizes to measure both linear and non-linear functionals of an arbitrary
oscillator state. This leads to many applications including purity tests,
eigenvalue estimation, entropy and distance measures - all without the need for
non-linear interactions or complete state reconstruction. Remarkably,
experimental realization of the proposed scheme is already within the reach of
current technology with linear optics.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures. Minor corrections and some new references adde
Global Dynamics of Subsurface Solar Active Regions
We present three-dimensional numerical simulations of a magnetic loop
evolving in either a convectively stable or unstable rotating shell. The
magnetic loop is introduced in the shell in such a way that it is buoyant only
in a certain portion in longitude, thus creating an \Omega-loop. Due to the
action of magnetic buoyancy, the loop rises and develops asymmetries between
its leading and following legs, creating emerging bipolar regions whose
characteristics are similar to the ones of observed spots at the solar surface.
In particular, we self-consistently reproduce the creation of tongues around
the spot polarities, which can be strongly affected by convection. We moreover
emphasize the presence of ring-shaped magnetic structures around our simulated
emerging regions, which we call "magnetic necklace" and which were seen in a
number of observations without being reported as of today. We show that those
necklaces are markers of vorticity generation at the periphery and below the
rising magnetic loop. We also find that the asymmetry between the two legs of
the loop is crucially dependent on the initial magnetic field strength. The
tilt angle of the emerging regions is also studied in the stable and unstable
cases and seems to be affected both by the convective motions and the presence
of a differential rotation in the convective cases.Comment: 23 pages (ApJ 2-column format), 19 figures, accepted for publication
in Ap
Exploring the vs relation with flux transport dynamo models of solar-like stars
Aims: To understand stellar magnetism and to test the validity of the
Babcock-Leighton flux transport mean field dynamo models with stellar activity
observations Methods: 2-D mean field dynamo models at various rotation rates
are computed with the STELEM code to study the sensitivity of the activity
cycle period and butterfly diagram to parameter changes and are compared to
observational data. The novelty is that these 2-D mean field dynamo models
incorporate scaling laws deduced from 3-D hydrodynamical simulations for the
influence of rotation rate on the amplitude and profile of the meridional
circulation. These models make also use of observational scaling laws for the
variation of differential rotation with rotation rate. Results: We find that
Babcock-Leighton flux transport dynamo models are able to reproduce the change
in topology of the magnetic field (i.e. toward being more toroidal with
increasing rotation rate) but seem to have difficulty reproducing the cycle
period vs activity period correlation observed in solar-like stars if a
monolithic single cell meridional flow is assumed. It may however be possible
to recover the vs relation with more complex meridional
flows, if the profile changes in a particular assumed manner with rotation
rate. Conclusions: The Babcock-Leighton flux transport dynamo model based on
single cell meridional circulation does not reproduce the vs
relation unless the amplitude of the meridional circulation is
assumed to increase with rotation rate which seems to be in contradiction with
recent results obtained with 3-D global simulations.Comment: 12 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication by A&A 1: AIM,
CEA/DSM-CNRS-Univ. Paris 7, IRFU/SAp, France, 2: D.A.M.T.P., Centre for
Mathematical Sciences, Univ. of Cambridge, UK, 3: JILA and Department of
Astrophysical and Planetary Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, US
Polar cap magnetic field reversals during solar grand minima: could pores play a role?
We study the magnetic flux carried by pores located outside active regions
with sunspots and investigate their possible contribution to the reversal of
the global magnetic field of the Sun. We find that they contain a total flux of
comparable amplitude to the total magnetic flux contained in polar caps. The
pores located at distances of 40--100~Mm from the closest active region have
systematically the correct sign to contribute to the polar cap reversal. These
pores can predominantly be found in bipolar magnetic regions. We propose that
during grand minima of solar activity, such a systematic polarity trend, akin
to a weak magnetic (Babcock-Leighton-like) source term could still be operating
but was missed by the contemporary observers due to the limited resolving power
of their telescopes.Comment: 11 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in
Astronomy&Astrophysic
Impingement of Water Droplets on an Ellipsoid with Fineness Ratio 5 in Axisymmetric Flow
The presence of radomes and instruments that are sensitive to water films or ice formations in the nose section of all-weather aircraft and missiles necessitates a knowledge of the droplet impingement characteristics of bodies of revolution. Because it is possible to approximate many of these bodies with an ellipsoid of revolution, droplet trajectories about an ellipsoid of revolution with a fineness ratio of 5 were computed for incompressible axisymmetric air flow. From the computed droplet trajectories, the following impingement characteristics of the ellipsoid surface were obtained and are presented in terms of dimensionless parameters: (1) total rate of water impingement, (2) extent of droplet impingement zone, (3) distribution of impinging water, and (4) local rate of water impingement
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