Numerical Model of Constrained Wave Energy Hyperbaric Converter under Full-Scale Sea Wave Conditions

Funding Information: This research was funded by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT.IP) through the grant UIDB/00667/2020 (UNIDEMI). This work was also supported by the project SURVIWEC PID2020-113245RB-I00 and by the project ED431C 2021/44 “Programa de Consolidación e Estructuración de Unidades de Investigación Competitivas”. This study forms part of the Marine Science programme (ThinkInAzul) supported by Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación and Xunta de Galicia with funding from the European Union NextGenerationEU (PRTR-C17.I1) and European Maritime and Fisheries Fund. Funding Information: The authors acknowledge Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT.IP) for its financial support through the grant UIDB/00667/2020 (UNIDEMI). This work was also supported by the project SURVIWEC PID2020-113245RB-I00 financed by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by the project ED431C 2021/44 ”Programa de Consolidación e Estructuración de Unidades de Investigación Competitivas” financed by Xunta de Galicia, Consellería de Cultura, Educación e Universidade. This study forms part of the Marine Science programme (ThinkInAzul) supported by Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación and Xunta de Galicia with funding from the European Union NextGenerationEU (PRTR-C17.I1) and European Maritime and Fisheries Fund. Publisher Copyright: © 2022 by the authors.A 2D numerical investigation of the power absorption of a constrained wave energy hyperbaric converter (WEHC) under full-scale sea wave conditions is presented. A fully non-linear numerical model DualSPHysics, based on the coupling of a smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) fluid solver with a multibody dynamics solver, is used to model the interaction between wave and WEHC sub-systems. The numerical model was first validated against experimental data for a similar device, with a good accordance between PTO position and velocity. The model is then employed to study the hydrodynamics of a constrained WEHC considering several sea states, different hydraulic power take-off (PTO) damping and breakwater geometries. It is observed that the capture width ratio (CWR) is particularly sensitive to variations in the PTO damping, although the CWR absolute maximum is less sensitive considering mild variations applied to the PTO damping. Both wave height and wave period have an important effect on the CWR. The breakwater geometry is also essential for the performance of the WEHC, with a decrease in maximum CWR of about 15% for porous breakwater. These results are necessary to understand the full-scale behaviour of WEHC.publishersversionpublishe

Noroeste da África - Nordeste do Brasil (Província Borborema) ensaio comparativo e problemas de correlação

A correlação geológica entre as porções Noroeste da África e Nordeste do Brasil enfrentam ainda uma série de problemas, de natureza virtual e real. A falta de um Projeto Internacional de Correlação Geológica (PICG) voltada para este tema é um aspecto crucial. O primeiro grupo de problemas compreende a heterogeneidade do conhecimento geológico (muitos trabalhos de circulação restrita) assim como a diversidade das escolas de pensamento científico envolvidas no tema. Progresso importante foi feito na década presente, incluindo mapas de reconstituição pré-deriva (para o Aptiano) e uma série de doutoramentos no Pré-Cambriano do Brasil e da África, fatos que motivaram os autores a fazer uma revisão no assunto. A correlação entre os crátons de S. Luis-África Ocidental (norte) e S. Francisco-Congo-Kasai-Angola (sul) que delimitam todo o contexto orogênico Brasiliano-Panafricano é relativamente bem documentada. Dos pontos de vista litoestratigráfico e tectônico, esta correlação é razoavelmente confirmada. Estes crátons/blocos devem ter sido fragmentos maiores de um mesmo supercontinente do Mesoproterozóico Superior, no qual as colagens orogênicas Paleoproterozóicas eram muito importantes. Igualmente, o cinturão de orogenias que perlonga e delineia a periferia destes crátons apresentam problemas de correlação de pequena monta, tanto no caso do Médio Coreaú/Dahomeides-Pharusiano (ao norte) como no caso do Sergipano/Oubanguides-Lindiano. Os principais problemas são quanto aos sistemas orogênicos distais dos crátons, mais para o interior da trama Brasiliano-Panafricana. Na parte mais ao norte da Borborema, ao norte do Lineamento Patos (Patos/Garoua) foi identificado um grande bloco de embasamento bastante retrabalhado no ciclo Brasiliano-Panafricano que foi considerado um terreno tectono-estratigráfico, fração do supercontinente Rodinia (como os crátons). Este bloco formado principalmente por rochas de alto grau contém diversos remanescentes esparsos de supracrustais proterozóicas ("schist belts") se estende do noroeste do Ceará à zona costeira da Borborema e daí para o interior do Niger. Predominam ortognaisses paleoproterozóicos (2,35; 2,15; 2,0 Ga) de variadas composições, com inserções locais de cálcio-silicáticas e rochas aluminosas, arranjados consoante complexo quadro lito-estrutural (Tansamazônico-Eburniano) que inclui alguns prévios núcleos arqueanos (3,45; 2,8/2,6 Ga). Os remanescentes xistosos sobrepostos ("schist belts") são compostos de contextos vulcano-sedimentares do Paleoproterozóico Superior (Estateriano) e do Neoproterozóico (ca. 820; 730, 640-600 Ma), todos eles trabalhados e/ou retrabalhados pelas fases mais posteriroes do ciclo Brasiliano/Panafricano. Ainda que a idade dos"schist belts" nigerianos seja tema controvertido, os resultados obtidos nos homólogos brasileiros podem provisoriamente ser estendidos para a África. Na parte mais central, na área entre os lineamentos Patos (Patos/Garoua) e Pernambuco/Nagaounderé, ou seja, o chamado"median shear corridor" a correlação permanece como um problema difícil. No lado brasileiro foi reconhecido uma faixa móvel Eo-neoproterozóica (Cariris Velhos), retrabalhada no Brasiliano, e que parece parte do cinturão mundial de orogenias da colagem Grenvilliana. Há poucas evidências da presença desta faixa móvel na África até o presente. Adicionalmente, a correlação de faixas de supracrustais neoproterozóicas (excelentes exposições no Brasil) é difícil, devido a exposição rarefeita e em níveis crustais mais profundos no lado da África.The geological correlation between Northwest Africa and Northeast Brazil faces a series of problems of both virtual and real natures. The lack of an IGCP (International Geological Correlation Program) on this subject is a crucial aspect. The first group of problems encompasses the heterogeneity backgrounds of geological knowledge (much of which is in papers of restricted circulation) as well as the diversity of scientific thought in the schools involved with this problem. Recent improvements in pre-drift (Aptian) paleogeographic maps, and a series of new PhD theses on the Precambrian shield in Brazil and Africa have stimulated the authors to review this theme. The correlation between the large cratonic blocks that confine the Brasiliano-Pan-African System - São Luís- and West African cratons in the north and the São Francisco and Congo-Kasai-Angola cratons in the south - is relatively well assigned and reasonably constrained from the litho-stratigraphic and tectonic points of view. These crátons/blocks seem to have been major fragments of the same Mesoproterozoic supercontinent, in which Paleoproterozoic orogenic collage was very important. Similarly, the set of Neoproterozoic orogenic belts that delimitate external outlines of these cratonic nuclei presents only minor correlation problems for discussion, such as those to the north, as in the case of the Médio Coreaú/Dahomeyides-Pharusian belts, or those to the south, as in the case of Sergipano/Oubanguides-Lindian belts. The main problems concern the branching systems of orogens of the internal Brasiliano/Pan-African domains, distal to cratonic nuclei. North of the Patos (Patos-Garoua) shear zone in the northern part of the Borborema Province, a large basement block has been identified that contains several vestigial supracrustal belts ("schist belts"). It is considered a tectonic-stratigraphic terrane, former part of Rodinia (like the cratonic nuclei) and considerably reworked during Brasiliano - Pan African events. This reworked landmass mostly composed of high-grade rocks Paleoproterozoic (2.35, 2.15, 2.0 Ga), orthogneisses of varied compositions, with minor insertions of calc-silicatic and aluminous gneisses, extends castward from NW Ceará to the Brazilian continental margin and, in Africa, from the coast far into the interior of Niger. This terrane displays a complex structural framework (Transamazonian/Eburnian) involving some small Archean nuclei (3.45; 2.8 / 2.6 Ga). Several scattered schist belts overlying this basement block are composed of volcano-sedimentary sequences of Late Paleoproterozoic (Statherian) and Neoproterozoic (ca. 820 Ma, 730, 640-600 Ma) ages, all of them reworked during the last phases of the Brasiliano collage. Although the radiometric data for the schist belts of Nigeria are controversial, the recent set of Neoproterozoic data from Ceará and Rio Grande do Norte (Brazil) may be extended to Africa. In the central part of the Borborema Province, between the Patos (Patos- Garoua) and Pernambuco/Ngaounderé shear zone systems ("Median Shear Corridor") correlation is still a difficult. In the Brazilian territory an Early-Neoproterozoic (1000-960 Ma"Cariris Velhos") fold belt has been identified, which seems to be part of the worldwide framework of the Grenvillian collage. There is little evidence for this event on the African side, however. Additionally, correlation of Neoproterozoic fold belts well-exposed in Brazil is rather difficult due to the scattered record and deeper crustal nature of these supposed African equivalents

Lixiviação de diuron, hexazinone e sulfometuron-methyl em formulação comercial e isoladamente em dois solos contrastantes

The objective of this research was to evaluate contrasting textures soils (clay and loamy sand) in the leaching of diuron + hexazinone + sulfometuron-methyl (1386.9 + 391 + 33.35 g ha-1) commercial formulation, and also hexazinone (391 g ha-1), diuron (1386.9 g ha-1) and sulfometuron-methyl (33.35 g ha-1), in soil columns mounted in PVC pipes. One day after the herbicide application, half of the columns received 40 mm of simulated rainfall and Ipomoea triloba weed was sown. At 21 and 30 days after sowing, it was accomplished the evaluation about percentage of weed control. For the clay texture soil, diuron + hexazinone + sulfometuron-methyl and hexazinone herbicides reached approximately 10 to 13 cm deep with 0 and 40 mm, respectively. In loamy sand texture soil, herbicides leaching was evident up to 20 cm deep, with 40 mm of precipitation. For diuron and sulfometuron-methyl herbicides, leaching tended to approach to clay texture soil with 40 mm and to loamy sand texture soil in the two simulated precipitations. Hexazinone and D+H+SMM were the herbicides that presented the highest trend to leaching, facilitated in loamy sand texture soil. Diuron and sulfometuron-methyl herbicides’ leaching was lower, fact that exposes hexazinone influence in the leaching of the evaluated commercial formulation. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7824/rbh.v11i2.172O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a influência de texturas contrastantes (argilosa e areia franca) na lixiviação de diuron, hexazinone e sulfometuron-methyl em formulação comercial (D+H+SMM) e aplicados isoladamente, quando submetidos à 0 e 40 mm de simulação de precipitação. O experimento consistiu na aplicação de diuron + hexazinone + sulfometuron-methyl (1386,9 + 391 + 33,35 g ha-1), hexazinone (391 g ha-1), diuron (1386,9 g ha-1) e sulfometuron-methyl (33,35 g ha-1) em colunas de solo montadas em tubos de PVC. Um dia após a aplicação, metade das colunas recebeu simulação de precipitação de 40 mm e a planta daninha Ipomoea triloba foi semeada. Aos 21 e 30 dias após a semeadura foi feita avaliação de porcentagem de controle. Para o solo de textura argilosa, os herbicidas D+H+SMM e hexazinone chegaram a aproximadamente 10 e 13 cm de profundidade com 0 e 40 mm, respectivamente. No solo de textura arenosa, a lixiviação desses herbicidas foi evidente até os 20 cm de profundidade, com 40 mm de precipitação. Para os herbicidas diuron e sulfometuron-methyl as lixiviações tenderam a se aproximar para o solo de textura argilosa com 40 mm e para o solo de textura arenosa nas duas simulações de precipitação. Hexazinone e D+H+SMM foram os herbicidas que apresentaram maior tendência de lixiviação, facilitada no solo de textura arenosa. Já a lixiviação dos herbicidas diuron e sulfometuron-methyl foi baixa, o que expõe a influência do hexazinone na lixiviação da formulação comercial avaliada. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7824/rbh.v11i2.17

An integrated analysis of the eutrophication process in the Enxoé reservoir within the DPSIR framework

The Enxoé reservoir in southern Portugal has been exhibiting the highest trophic state in the country since its early years of operation. The problem has attracted water managers’ and researchers’ attention as the reservoir is the water supply for two municipalities. Extensive research was thus conducted over the last few years, including field monitoring and modelling at the plot, catchment, and reservoir scales. This study now frames all partial findings within the Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response (DPSIR) framework to better understand the eutrophication process in the Enxoé reservoir. Agriculture and grazing were found to have a reduced role in the eutrophication of the reservoir, with annual sediment and nutrient loads being comparably smaller or similar to those reported for other Mediterranean catchments. Flash floods were the main mechanism for transporting particle elements to the reservoir, being in some cases able to carry up three times the average annual load. However, the main eutrophication mechanisms in the reservoir were P release from deposited sediment under anoxic conditions and the process of internal recycling of organic matter and nutrients. Reducing the P load from the catchment and deposited sediment could lead to a mesotrophic state level in the reservoir. However, this level would only be sustainable by limiting the P internal load ability to reach the photic zoneinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

PROTOCOLO VERBAL E TESTE DE ASSOCIAÇÃO LIVRE DE PALAVRAS: perspectivas de instrumentos de pesquisa introspectiva e projetiva na ciência da informação

Estratégias cognitivas e metacognitivas possibilitam ao indivíduo planejar e monitorar o seu desempenho de aprendizagem, permitindo, com isto, a tomada de consciência dos processos utilizados para aprender. Favorecem a tomada de decisões apropriadas sobre quais estratégias adotar em cada tarefa e a avaliar a sua eficácia, alterando-as quando não produzem os resultados desejados. Nesse sentido, os estudos sobre a cognição humana encontram-se na base para a compreensão de como o ser humano processa, armazena, representa e recupera a informação. O Protocolo Verbal (PV) e o Teste de Associação Livre de Palavras (TALP) são técnicas aplicadas enquanto instrumento de pesquisa na coleta de dados que fornecem informações introspectivas (PV) e projetivas (TALP) relacionadas aos processos mentais dos indivíduos pesquisados. O objetivo desta pesquisa é refletir sobre as viabilidades corroborativas que podem permear ambos os instrumentos de coleta de dados em pesquisas no âmbito da Ciência da Informação

Isotopic dating on the crystalline basement rocks of the Bariloche region, Río Negro, Argentina

South of Bariloche, one of the remnants from the Crystalline Basement of the North-Patagonian Cordillera crops out. They appear on the eastern- Andean side as tectonic slices dipping West, in an environment abundant in granitoids and volcanics of a magmatic belt essentially developed during the Cretaceous and Tertiary. Doubts have arisen with regard to the age of the basement, and in general it has been assigned to the Precambrian. Earlier radiometric information, together with the present work, provides new data enabling more accurate chronostratigraphic position and geotectonic relevance.Centro de Investigaciones Geológica

Probabilistic analysis of degradation of façade claddings using Markov chain models

In this study, the time-dependent stochastic degradation of three types of claddings is analysed. For this purpose, 203 fac¸ades with stone claddings(directly adhered to the substrate), 195 with adhered ceramic claddings and 220 with painted surfaces were analysed. All the fac¸ades are located in Lisbon, Portugal. Their degradation condition was assessed through an extensive field work. Based on the data gathered, Markov chains are used to predict the degradation of claddings and to understand, in some detail, how the characteristics of the claddings contribute to the overall degradation. The results show that the distance from the sea and exposure to damp are significant to the degradation of all types of cladding. The type and size of stone plates also influence the degradation of stone claddings. The exposure to wind-rain action has a high impact on the degradation of ceramic claddings. The models proposed provide useful information on the probability of failure of the claddings; these results are fundamental in the context of insurance policies and in the definition of building maintenance plans