345 research outputs found
Vitamin E-analog Trolox prevents endoplasmic reticulum stress in frozen-thawed ovarian tissue of capuchin monkey (Sapajus apella)
Ovarian fragments were exposed to 0.5 M sucrose
and 1 M ethylene glycol (freezing solution; FS) with or
without selenium or Trolox. Histological and ultrastructural
analyses showed that the percentages of normal follicles in
control tissue and in tissue after exposure to FS+50 μM
Trolox were similar. Trolox prevented endoplasmic reticulum
(ER)-related vacuolization, which is commonly observed in
oocytes and stromal tissue after exposure to FS. From the evaluated stress markers, superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1)
was up-regulated in ovarian tissue exposed to FS+10 ng/ml
selenium. Ovarian fragments were subsequently frozenthawed
in the presence of FS with or without 50 μM Trolox,
followed by in vitro culture (IVC). Antioxidant capacity in
ovarian fragments decreased after freeze-thawing in Troloxfree
FS compared with FS+50 μMTrolox. Although freezing
itself minimized the percentage of viable follicles in each solution, Trolox supplementation resulted in higher rates of
viable follicles (67 %), even after IVC (61 %). Furthermore,
stress markers SOD1 and ERp29 were up-regulated in ovarian
tissue frozen-thawed in Trolox-free medium. Relative mRNA
expression of growth factors markers was evaluated after
freeze-thawing followed by IVC. BMP4, BMP5, CTGF,
GDF9 and KL were down-regulated independently of the
presence of Trolox in FS but down-regulation was less pronounced
in the presence of Trolox. Thus, medium supplementation
with 50 μMTrolox prevents ER stress and, consequently,
protects ovarian tissue from ER-derived cytoplasmic
vacuolization. ERp29 but not ERp60, appears to be a key
marker linking stress caused by freezing-thawing and cell
vacuolization.http://link.springer.com/journal/441hb201
Regularization Independent Analysis of the Origin of Two Loop Contributions to N=1 Super Yang-Mills Beta Function
We present a both ultraviolet and infrared regularization independent
analysis in a symmetry preserving framework for the N=1 Super Yang-Mills beta
function to two loop order. We show explicitly that off-shell infrared
divergences as well as the overall two loop ultraviolet divergence cancel out
whilst the beta function receives contributions of infrared modes.Comment: 7 pages, 2 figures, typos correcte
Apoptosis in human liver carcinoma caused by gold nanoparticles in combination with carvedilol is mediated via modulation of MAPK/Akt/mTOR pathway and EGFR/FAAD proteins
Imaging- and therapeutic targets in neoplastic and musculoskeletal inflammatory diseas
AT1 and AT2 receptor knockout changed osteonectin and bone density in mice in periodontal inflammation experimental model
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of AT1 and AT2 receptors in a periodontal inflammation experimental model. METHODS: Periodontal inflammation was induced by LPS/Porphyromonas gingivalis. Maxillae, femur, and vertebra were scanned using Micro-CT. Maxillae were analyzed histopathologically, immunohistochemically, and by RT-PCR. RESULTS: The vertebra showed decreased BMD in AT1 H compared with WT H (p < 0.05). The femur showed increased Tb.Sp for AT1 H and AT2 H, p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively. The Tb.N was decreased in the vertebra (WT H-AT1 H: p < 0.05; WT H-AT2 H: p < 0.05) and in the femur (WT H-AT1 H: p < 0.01; WT H-AT2 H: p < 0.05). AT1 PD increased linear bone loss (p < 0.05) and decreased osteoblast cells (p < 0.05). RANKL immunostaining was intense for AT1 PD and WT PD (p < 0.001). OPG was intense in the WT H, WT PD, and AT2 PD when compared to AT1 PD (p < 0.001). AT1 PD showed weak immunostaining for osteocalcin compared with WT H, WT PD, and AT2 PD (p < 0.001). AT1 H showed significantly stronger immunostaining for osteonectin in fibroblasts compared to AT2 H (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: AT1 receptor knockout changed bone density, the quality and number of bone trabeculae, decreased the number of osteoblast cells, and increased osteonectin in fibroblasts
Heavy quarkonium: progress, puzzles, and opportunities
A golden age for heavy quarkonium physics dawned a decade ago, initiated by
the confluence of exciting advances in quantum chromodynamics (QCD) and an
explosion of related experimental activity. The early years of this period were
chronicled in the Quarkonium Working Group (QWG) CERN Yellow Report (YR) in
2004, which presented a comprehensive review of the status of the field at that
time and provided specific recommendations for further progress. However, the
broad spectrum of subsequent breakthroughs, surprises, and continuing puzzles
could only be partially anticipated. Since the release of the YR, the BESII
program concluded only to give birth to BESIII; the -factories and CLEO-c
flourished; quarkonium production and polarization measurements at HERA and the
Tevatron matured; and heavy-ion collisions at RHIC have opened a window on the
deconfinement regime. All these experiments leave legacies of quality,
precision, and unsolved mysteries for quarkonium physics, and therefore beg for
continuing investigations. The plethora of newly-found quarkonium-like states
unleashed a flood of theoretical investigations into new forms of matter such
as quark-gluon hybrids, mesonic molecules, and tetraquarks. Measurements of the
spectroscopy, decays, production, and in-medium behavior of c\bar{c}, b\bar{b},
and b\bar{c} bound states have been shown to validate some theoretical
approaches to QCD and highlight lack of quantitative success for others. The
intriguing details of quarkonium suppression in heavy-ion collisions that have
emerged from RHIC have elevated the importance of separating hot- and
cold-nuclear-matter effects in quark-gluon plasma studies. This review
systematically addresses all these matters and concludes by prioritizing
directions for ongoing and future efforts.Comment: 182 pages, 112 figures. Editors: N. Brambilla, S. Eidelman, B. K.
Heltsley, R. Vogt. Section Coordinators: G. T. Bodwin, E. Eichten, A. D.
Frawley, A. B. Meyer, R. E. Mitchell, V. Papadimitriou, P. Petreczky, A. A.
Petrov, P. Robbe, A. Vair
- …