PENGARUH SUBSTITUSI TEPUNG AMPAS TAHU (Glycine max) DAN PENAMBAHAN PISANG AMBON (Musa acuminata) TERHADAP NILAI ORGANOLEPTIK, NILAI GIZI, DAN NILAI EKONOMI SNACK BAR TINGGI KALIUM DAN SERAT SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF MAKANAN SELINGAN ATLET

Formulasi Snack Bar pada penelitian ini menggunakan bahan baku ampas tahu, oats, coklat dan pisang ambon. Subtitusi ampas tahu diharapkan dapat menekan harga produksi dan memanfaatkan limbah industri. Sehingga, dapat menyajikan produk alternatif snack olahragawan dengan harga terjangkau. Penambahan pisang ambon diharapkan dapat melengkapi kebutuhan kalium atlet untuk performa bertanding dan berlatih. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengarug subtitusi ampas tahu dan penambahan pisang ambon terhadap daya terima, nilai gizi dan nilai ekonomi Snack Bar. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah RAL (Rancangan Acak Lengkap), jenis penelitian pada tahap pengembangan formula adalah eksperimen murni dan pada tahap uji organoleptik merupakan eksperimen semu. Penelitian ini menggunakan panelis tidak terlatih meliputi olahragawan dengan pembatasan berat badan (olahraga senam indah dan cabang olahraga combat dengan kelas berat badan) berjumlah 30 orang. Persentase substitusi ampas tahu dan penambahan pisang ambon yaitu, F3 (12% ampas tahu, penambahan 10% pisang ambon), F4 (16% ampas tahu, penambahan 10% pisang ambon) dan F6 (25% ampas tahu, penambahan 10% pisang ambon). Hasil uji statistic Friedman test menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang signifikan terhadap tingkat kesukaan pada aspek tekstur dan rasa antara kontrol (F0) dan formulasi (F3, F4 dan F6). Dari hasil rangking daya terima, nilai gizi dan nilai ekonomi didapat nilai optimum pada formula empat (F4). Nilai gizi untuk 100 gram Snack Bar F4 (kabohidrat: 41,6 gram; serat: 8,7 gram; kalium: 514 mg) sudah mampu menyumbang minimal 10% kebutuhan harian atlet. Hasil uji laboraturium untuk serat dan kalium dapat memenuhi 16,7% dan 10,9% kebutuhan harian olahragawan sehingga produk Snack Bar dapat di klaim produk tinggi serat dan kalium. Nilai ekonomi formula terbaik Rp 9.000 per 125 gram lebih ekonomis dibanding Snack Bar komersial berbasis kedelai. Oleh karena itu, Snack Bar formulasi subtitusi ampas kedelai dan penambahan pisang ambon dapat direkomendasikan sebagai makanan selingan olahragawan dengan pembatasan berat badan

Alat Pemilah Uang Kertas Berdasarkan Nilai Pecahan dengan Menggunakan Sensor Warna TCS230

Dengan semakin berkembangnya teknologi dan untuk mengakomodasi kebutuhan akan pemilah uang berdasarkan nilai pecahan pada Koperasi Serba Usaha(KSU), Lembaga Keuangan Mikro(LKM), bank atau di tempat lain, maka dibuatlah “Alat Pemilah Uang Kertas Berdasarkan Nilai Pecahan Dengan Menggunakan Sensor Warna TCS230”. Tujuan dari pembuatan alat ini agar mempermudah pengguna yang akan memilah uang mulai dari pecahan sepuluh ribu hingga seratus ribu. Alat ini ditujukan untuk digunakan oleh kasir pada KSU, LKM ataupun bank. Aplikasi alat ini pada dunia bisnis adalah membantu KSU, LKM ataupun bank untuk dalam meningkatkan efesiensi penggunaan waktu pelayanan kepada pelanggan. Cara kerja piranti ini adalah dengan membedakan warna dari mata uang tersebut dari masing-masing nilai pecahan. Selanjutnya, alat ini mampu memisahkan dan menunjukkan kepada pengguna tentang jumlah masing-masing pecahan dengan tampilan berupa 7-segment. Alat ini terdiri dari tiga bagian utama, yaitu bagian penggulung, bagian pemilah dan kotak uang

The efficacy of low vision devices for students in specialized schools for students who are blind in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal

In Nepal, children with low vision attend specialized schools for students who are totally blind and are treated as if they were totally blind. This study identified children with low vision and provided low vision devices to them. Of the 22% of the students in the school who had low vision, 78.5% benefited from the devices. Proper devices and counseling improved the quality of life of a significant number of these students. ©2008 AFB, All Rights Reserved

Statistical Communication Theory

Contains reports on five research projects

Struggling to a monumental triumph : Re-assessing the final stages of the smallpox eradication program in India, 1960-1980

The global smallpox program is generally presented as the brainchild of a handful of actors from the WHO headquarters in Geneva and at the agency's regional offices. This article attempts to present a more complex description of the drive to eradicate smallpox. Based on the example of India, a major focus of the campaign, it is argued that historians and public health officials should recognize the varying roles played by a much wider range of participants. Highlighting the significance of both Indian and international field officials, the author shows how bureaucrats and politicians at different levels of administration and society managed to strengthen—yet sometimes weaken—important program components. Centrally dictated strategies developed at WHO offices in Geneva and New Delhi, often in association with Indian federal authorities, were reinterpreted by many actors and sometimes changed beyond recognition

Statistical Communication Theory

Contains forward and reports on nine research projects

Triglycerides, independent of Ferriman Gallwey Score, is a main determinant of free testosterone index in PCOS [version 1; referees: 2 approved]

Background: Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrinopathy in women of reproductive age, affecting 5-20% of women worldwide. Hyperandrogenism, as the primary characteristic of PCOS, is not always present in every patient. The hyperandrogenic phenotype of PCOS patients is influenced by both hormonal and metabolic dysfunctions. Therefore, this study aims to determine the correlation between hormone profile, lipid profile, and clinical profile with free testosterone index in subjects with PCOS. Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in the Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital between July 2014 and December 2016. The study involved 76 women with PCOS, who were classified into 2 subgroups: 39 subjects in the hyperandrogenism group and 37 subjects in the non-hyperandrogenism group. Each subject underwent physical examination, blood sample collection, and USG examination. Bivariate analysis was done using independent t-tests and Mann Whitney U-tests, while multivariate analysis was done using logistic regression. Results: Triglyceride and testosterone level showed weak (r = 0.232, p = 0.044) and moderate (r = 0.460, p ¡ 0.001) positive correlation with FTI, while SHBG level showed moderate negative correlation (r = -0.483, p ¡ 0.001). Triglyceride was also found to be determinant of hyperandrogenism condition in PCOS patient (OR 0.02, 95% CI 0.00–0.04, p = 0.013). However, there was no significant difference observed between FGS and hyperandrogenism (p = 0.43). Conclusions: Triglycerides, testosterone, and SHBG were associated with hyperandrogenism in PCOS patients, while FGS showed no such association

PARP1 suppresses homologous recombination events in mice in vivo

Recent studies suggest that PARP1 inhibitors, several of which are currently in clinical trial, may selectively kill BRCA1/2 mutant cancers cells. It is thought that the success of this therapy is based on immitigable lethal DNA damage in the cancer cells resultant from the concurrent loss or inhibition of two DNA damage repair pathways: single-strand break (SSB) repair and homologous recombination repair (HRR). Presumably, inhibition of PARP1 activity obstructs the repair of SSBs and during DNA replication, these lesions cause replication fork collapse and are transformed into substrates for HRR. In fact, several previous studies have indicated a hyper-recombinogenic phenotype in the absence of active PARP1 in vitro or in response to DNA damaging agents. In this study, we demonstrate an increased frequency of spontaneous HRR in vivo in the absence of PARP1 using the pun assay. Furthermore, we found that the HRR events that occur in Parp1 nullizygous mice are associated with a significant increase in large, clonal events, as opposed to the usually more frequent single cell events, suggesting an effect in replicating cells. In conclusion, our data demonstrates that PARP1 inhibits spontaneous HRR events, and supports the model of DNA replication transformation of SSBs into HRR substrates

Prevalence of visual impairment, cataract surgery and awareness of cataract and glaucoma in Bhaktapur district of Nepal: The Bhaktapur Glaucoma Study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Cataract and glaucoma are the major causes of blindness in Nepal. Bhaktapur is one of the three districts of Kathmandu valley which represents a metropolitan city with a predominantly agrarian rural periphery. This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of visual impairment, cataract surgery and awareness of cataract and glaucoma among subjects residing in this district of Nepal.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Subjects aged 40 years and above was selected using a cluster sampling methodology and a door to door enumeration was conducted for a population based cross sectional study. During the community field work, 11499 subjects underwent a structured interview regarding awareness (heard of) and knowledge (understanding of the disease) of cataract and glaucoma. At the base hospital 4003 out of 4800 (83.39%) subjects underwent a detailed ocular examination including log MAR visual acuity, refraction, applanation tonometry, cataract grading (LOCSΙΙ), retinal examination and SITA standard perimetry when indicated.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The age-sex adjusted prevalence of blindness (best corrected <3/60) and low vision (best corrected <6/18 ≥3/60) was 0.43% (95%C.I. 0.25 - 0.68) and 3.97% (95% C.I. 3.40 - 4.60) respectively. Cataract (53.3%) was the principal cause of blindness. The leading causes of low vision were cataract (60.8%) followed by refractive error (12%). The cataract surgical coverage was 90.36% and was higher in the younger age group, females and illiterate subjects. Pseudophakia was seen in 94%. Awareness of cataract (6.7%) and glaucoma (2.4%) was very low. Among subjects who were aware, 70.4% had knowledge of cataract and 45.5% of glaucoma. Cataract was commonly known to be a 'pearl like dot' white opacity in the eye while glaucoma was known to cause blindness. Awareness remained unchanged in different age groups for cataract while for glaucoma there was an increase in awareness with age. Women were significantly less aware (odds ratio (OR): 0.63; 95%, confidence interval (CI): 0.54 - 0.74) for cataract and (OR: 0.64; 95% CI: 0.50 - 0.81) for glaucoma. Literacy was also correlated with awareness.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The low prevalence of visual impairment and the high cataract surgical coverage suggests that cataract intervention programs have been successful in Bhaktapur. Awareness and knowledge of cataract and glaucoma was very poor among this population. Eye care programs needs to be directed towards preventing visual impairment from refractive errors, screening for incurable chronic eye diseases and promoting health education in order to raise awareness on cataract and glaucoma among this population.</p