10 research outputs found

    Contribution Ă  l’étude numĂ©rique de la ventilation naturelle dans des cavitĂ©s ouvertes par la simulation des grandes Ă©chelles : application au rafraĂźchissement passif des bĂątiments

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    Context: Air-conditioning represents a high-energy expenditure in the sector of the building, which could be reduced drastically through the use of passive cooling systems. In hot and humid climates, the passive cooling of premises is a tried and tested technique ordained around four principles: to minimize the external and internal heat transfers, to bring inertness to the building, to humidify the air, and to ensure a good convection in order to favor convective exchanges. Objective: The description of thermo-convective transfers (estimation of mass flows rate and heat transfers) set in open cavities (rooms with crossing ventilation, solar chimney, outer skin of a double facade,...) is still relatively uncommon and the stakes are high to improve passive systems. The study of these phenomena can be evaluated through computational fluid dynamics. This thesis’s objectives are to achieve precise numerical simulations of airflow inspecific configurations of passive systems in damp tropical climates, in order to improve and deepen our knowledge of natural convection and to begin to give information concerning the choice of numerical boundary conditions to apply to open geometries.Numerical approach: The numerical approach adopted in this work, to study the natural turbulent convection, is the Large-Eddy Simulation. This approach is halfway between a direct numerical simulation and Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations. Such a technique is advantageous as it leads to a necessary substantial reduction of the number of discretizationpoints compared to the technique of direct simulation requirements, while retaining the dynamic aspect of the flows. Results: The results obtained in this work refer to the study of the dynamic boundary conditions to impose in open geometries with SND and to the application of the LES to different configurations of open cavities with a turbulent flow, in order to characterize temperature and velocity fields and then deduce mass flow rate, enthalpy flow,... The results have been compared either to other numerical results in the framework of national benchmarks (benchmark AmeThand ADNBĂąti) or to experimental results.Contexte du sujet : La climatisation est un poste de dĂ©pense Ă©nergĂ©tique important dans le secteur du bĂątiment, qui pourrait ĂȘtre rĂ©duit de maniĂšre drastique par l’utilisation de systĂšmes passifs de rafraĂźchissement. Dans les climats chauds et humides, le rafraĂźchissement passif des bĂątiments est une solution Ă©prouvĂ©e, qui s’ordonne autour de quatre principes : minimiser les apports de chaleur interne et externe, apporter de l’inertie au bĂątiment, humidifier l’air et assurer une bonne ventilation pour favoriser les Ă©changes convectifs. Objectifs : La description des transferts thermo-convectifs (Ă©valuation des dĂ©bits massiques, des transferts de chaleur) mis en jeu dans des cavitĂ©s ouvertes (piĂšces avec ventilation traversante, cheminĂ©es solaires, doubles peaux, espaces sous-toiture) est encore mal connue et constitue un enjeu pour l’amĂ©lioration des systĂšmes passifs. L’étude de ces phĂ©nomĂšnes peut ĂȘtre Ă©valuĂ©e par la mĂ©canique des fluides numĂ©rique. Les objectifs de ce travail de thĂšse sont : de rĂ©aliser des simulations numĂ©riques fines du comportement thermo-aĂ©raulique dans des configurations typiques de systĂšmes passifs en climat tropical humide, afin d’amĂ©liorer nos connaissances sur la ventilation naturelle, d’approfondir et d’apporter des Ă©lĂ©ments de rĂ©ponses en ce qui concerne le choix des conditions limites numĂ©riques Ă  appliquer pour les systĂšmes ouverts. ModĂ©lisation numĂ©rique : L’approche numĂ©rique adoptĂ©e dans ce travail, pour Ă©tudier la convection naturelle turbulente, est la simulation des grandes Ă©chelles (SGE ou LES en anglais). Cette approche se situe Ă  mi-parcours entre la mĂ©thode de calcul direct et la rĂ©solution des Ă©quations moyennĂ©es en temps, de type RANS. L’avantage d’une telle technique est la rĂ©duction apprĂ©ciable du nombre de points de discrĂ©tisation nĂ©cessaire par rapport Ă  celui exigĂ© par la mĂ©thode de calcul direct, tout en conservant l’aspect dynamique des Ă©coulements. RĂ©sultats : Les rĂ©sultats obtenus lors de ce travail concernent l’étude des conditions limites dynamiques Ă  imposer pour des gĂ©omĂ©tries ouvertes avec une SND et l’application de la SGE Ă  diffĂ©rentes configurations de cavitĂ©s ouvertes en rĂ©gime turbulent, afin de caractĂ©riser les champs de tempĂ©rature et de vitesse et d’en dĂ©duire les grandeurs intĂ©grales d’intĂ©rĂȘt (dĂ©bit massique, dĂ©bit enthalpique, renouvellement d’air,... ). Les rĂ©sultats de ces calculs ont Ă©tĂ© comparĂ©s soit Ă  d’autres rĂ©sultats numĂ©riques dans le cadre de benchmarks nationaux (benchmark numĂ©rique AmeTh et ADNBĂąti) ou Ă  des rĂ©sultats expĂ©rimentaux

    Numerical investigation of natural ventilation in open cavities through a large eddy simulation for the passive cooling of buildings

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    Contexte du sujet : La climatisation est un poste de dĂ©pense Ă©nergĂ©tique important dans le secteur du bĂątiment, qui pourrait ĂȘtre rĂ©duit de maniĂšre drastique par l’utilisation de systĂšmes passifs de rafraĂźchissement. Dans les climats chauds et humides, le rafraĂźchissement passif des bĂątiments est une solution Ă©prouvĂ©e, qui s’ordonne autour de quatre principes : minimiser les apports de chaleur interne et externe, apporter de l’inertie au bĂątiment, humidifier l’air et assurer une bonne ventilation pour favoriser les Ă©changes convectifs. Objectifs : La description des transferts thermo-convectifs (Ă©valuation des dĂ©bits massiques, des transferts de chaleur) mis en jeu dans des cavitĂ©s ouvertes (piĂšces avec ventilation traversante, cheminĂ©es solaires, doubles peaux, espaces sous-toiture) est encore mal connue et constitue un enjeu pour l’amĂ©lioration des systĂšmes passifs. L’étude de ces phĂ©nomĂšnes peut ĂȘtre Ă©valuĂ©e par la mĂ©canique des fluides numĂ©rique. Les objectifs de ce travail de thĂšse sont : de rĂ©aliser des simulations numĂ©riques fines du comportement thermo-aĂ©raulique dans des configurations typiques de systĂšmes passifs en climat tropical humide, afin d’amĂ©liorer nos connaissances sur la ventilation naturelle, d’approfondir et d’apporter des Ă©lĂ©ments de rĂ©ponses en ce qui concerne le choix des conditions limites numĂ©riques Ă  appliquer pour les systĂšmes ouverts. ModĂ©lisation numĂ©rique : L’approche numĂ©rique adoptĂ©e dans ce travail, pour Ă©tudier la convection naturelle turbulente, est la simulation des grandes Ă©chelles (SGE ou LES en anglais). Cette approche se situe Ă  mi-parcours entre la mĂ©thode de calcul direct et la rĂ©solution des Ă©quations moyennĂ©es en temps, de type RANS. L’avantage d’une telle technique est la rĂ©duction apprĂ©ciable du nombre de points de discrĂ©tisation nĂ©cessaire par rapport Ă  celui exigĂ© par la mĂ©thode de calcul direct, tout en conservant l’aspect dynamique des Ă©coulements. RĂ©sultats : Les rĂ©sultats obtenus lors de ce travail concernent l’étude des conditions limites dynamiques Ă  imposer pour des gĂ©omĂ©tries ouvertes avec une SND et l’application de la SGE Ă  diffĂ©rentes configurations de cavitĂ©s ouvertes en rĂ©gime turbulent, afin de caractĂ©riser les champs de tempĂ©rature et de vitesse et d’en dĂ©duire les grandeurs intĂ©grales d’intĂ©rĂȘt (dĂ©bit massique, dĂ©bit enthalpique, renouvellement d’air,... ). Les rĂ©sultats de ces calculs ont Ă©tĂ© comparĂ©s soit Ă  d’autres rĂ©sultats numĂ©riques dans le cadre de benchmarks nationaux (benchmark numĂ©rique AmeTh et ADNBĂąti) ou Ă  des rĂ©sultats expĂ©rimentaux.Context: Air-conditioning represents a high-energy expenditure in the sector of the building, which could be reduced drastically through the use of passive cooling systems. In hot and humid climates, the passive cooling of premises is a tried and tested technique ordained around four principles: to minimize the external and internal heat transfers, to bring inertness to the building, to humidify the air, and to ensure a good convection in order to favor convective exchanges. Objective: The description of thermo-convective transfers (estimation of mass flows rate and heat transfers) set in open cavities (rooms with crossing ventilation, solar chimney, outer skin of a double facade,...) is still relatively uncommon and the stakes are high to improve passive systems. The study of these phenomena can be evaluated through computational fluid dynamics. This thesis’s objectives are to achieve precise numerical simulations of airflow inspecific configurations of passive systems in damp tropical climates, in order to improve and deepen our knowledge of natural convection and to begin to give information concerning the choice of numerical boundary conditions to apply to open geometries.Numerical approach: The numerical approach adopted in this work, to study the natural turbulent convection, is the Large-Eddy Simulation. This approach is halfway between a direct numerical simulation and Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations. Such a technique is advantageous as it leads to a necessary substantial reduction of the number of discretizationpoints compared to the technique of direct simulation requirements, while retaining the dynamic aspect of the flows. Results: The results obtained in this work refer to the study of the dynamic boundary conditions to impose in open geometries with SND and to the application of the LES to different configurations of open cavities with a turbulent flow, in order to characterize temperature and velocity fields and then deduce mass flow rate, enthalpy flow,... The results have been compared either to other numerical results in the framework of national benchmarks (benchmark AmeThand ADNBĂąti) or to experimental results

    Design of multi-story timber building using multi-objective particle swarm optimization

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    This paper presents a design method for multi-story timber building with consideration of regulatoryconstraints. The objective is to optimize in the same time thermal, structural and environmental objectives taking into account the industrial feasibility. To set up this method and the appropriate tool a study case is developed and will be implemented

    The test case ADNBATI, a benchmark on natural ventilation in a room

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    International audiencePresentation about The test case ADNBATI, a benchmark on natural ventilation in a roo

    The test case ADNBATI, a benchmark on natural ventilation in a room

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    International audiencePresentation about The test case ADNBATI, a benchmark on natural ventilation in a roo

    Benchmark solutions for natural convection flows in vertical channels submitted to different open boundary conditions

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    International audienceComparison exercises have been carried out by different research teams to study the sensitivity of the natural convection occurring in a vertical asymmetrically heated channel to four sets of open boundary conditions. The dimensionless parameters have been chosen so that a return flow exists at the outlet. On the whole, results provided by the partners are in good agreement; benchmark solutions are then defined for each of the boundary conditions. Whilst the local and average Nusselt numbers based on the entrance temperature do not depend much on conditions applied in the aperture sections, the net fluid flow rates crossing the channel and the characteristics of the recirculation cells are highly influenced. But we proved that these modifications of flow patterns do not alter significantly the fluid flow rates leaving the channel through the exit section
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