Monitoramento Automático da Qualidade de Água para Pisciculturas

A piscicultura é uma das áreas da aquicultura que trata da criação de peixes em cativeiro. Neste trabalho buscou-se desenvolver um sistema de análise automática da qualidade de água para piscicultura tornando o trabalho mais dinâmico e preciso. O sistema desenvolvido utiliza a plataforma Arduino Mega, sensores de temperatura e pH, e uma shield Ethernet. Na validação do sistema, os sensores de pH e temperatura foram mergulhados na água e os valores aferidos foram comparados aos obtidos com outras técnicas, no qual obteve-se valores praticamente idênticos. De maneira automática, o sistema envia por e-mail um relatório com os resultados das análises e notifica caso os valores estejam fora da faixa ideal para peixes.Palavras-chave: Automação, Telemetria, Análise de água, Piscicultura

Comparative assessment of skin reactivity to thimerosal- or phenol-preserved Imunoleish® antigen in dogs with suspected American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis in an endemic area of the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

The leishmanin skin test (LST), which is an in vivo test that assesses the cellular immune responses to Leishmania-derived antigens, is an important tool in the laboratory diagnosis of American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL). This study aimed to compare the results obtained in LST employing the Imunoleish® antigen preserved with thimerosal (AgT) or phenol (AgP) and serological techniques to detect a possible infection caused by Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis in dogs. The study included 172 dogs from an area endemic for ATL in the municipality of Paracambi, state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The results obtained with Imunoleish® antigen preserved with thimerosal (AgT) or phenol (AgP) and serological tests were compared. Each dog received, intradermally, 0.1 mL of each antigen on the inner side of the right (AgT) and left (AgP) thighs. Five (2.7%) dogs presented ATL lesions. Of these, two were reactive to both formulations and three were reactive only to AgT. Among the 172 dogs, 68 (39.5%) were reactive only to AgT, 16 (9.3%)  only to AgP, and 11 (6.4%) to both formulations. Twenty-one (12.2%) sera samples were reactive by immunofluorescent antibody test (IFAT) and 21 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). However, in only two dogs out of the five which Leishmania was isolated from, serological tests were positive. The LST and serological tests could be a useful tool in the diagnosis of L. (V.) braziliensis infection in dogs. Standardization of the techniques and reagents used could allow comparative studies on sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values in dogs from different regions.Keywords: American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis, Leishmanin skin test, Diagnosis, Dogs, Host

Relationships between Parental Education and Overweight with Childhood Overweight and Physical Activity in 9-11 Year Old Children: Results from a 12-Country Study

Background: Globally, the high prevalence of overweight and low levels of physical activity among children has serious implications for morbidity and premature mortality in adulthood. Various parental factors are associated with childhood overweight and physical activity. The objective of this paper was to investigate relationships between parental education or overweight, and (i) child overweight, (ii) child physical activity, and (iii) explore household coexistence of overweight, in a large international sample. Methods: Data were collected from 4752 children (9-11 years) as part of the International Study of Childhood Obesity, Lifestyle and the Environment in 12 countries around the world. Physical activity of participating children was assessed by accelerometry, and body weight directly measured. Questionnaires were used to collect parents' education level, weight, and height. Results: Maternal and paternal overweight were positively associated with child overweight. Higher household coexistence of parent-child overweight was observed among overweight children compared to the total sample. There was a positive relationship between maternal education and child overweight in Colombia 1.90 (1.23-2.94) [odds ratio (confidence interval)] and Kenya 4.80 (2.21-10.43), and a negative relationship between paternal education and child overweight in Brazil 0.55 (0.33-0.92) and the USA 0.54 (0.33-0.88). Maternal education was negatively associated with children meeting physical activity guidelines in Colombia 0.53 (0.33-0.85), Kenya 0.35 (0.19-0.63), and Portugal 0.54 (0.31-0.96). Conclusions: Results are aligned with previous studies showing positive associations between parental and child overweight in all countries, and positive relationships between parental education and child overweight or negative associations between parental education and child physical activity in lower economic status countries. Relationships between maternal and paternal education and child weight status and physical activity appear to be related to the developmental stage of different countries. Given these varied relationships, it is crucial to further explore familial factors when investigating child overweight and physical activity

Rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with high in-hospital mortality. Alveolar recruitment followed by ventilation at optimal titrated PEEP may reduce ventilator-induced lung injury and improve oxygenation in patients with ARDS, but the effects on mortality and other clinical outcomes remain unknown. This article reports the rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART). Methods/Design: ART is a pragmatic, multicenter, randomized (concealed), controlled trial, which aims to determine if maximum stepwise alveolar recruitment associated with PEEP titration is able to increase 28-day survival in patients with ARDS compared to conventional treatment (ARDSNet strategy). We will enroll adult patients with ARDS of less than 72 h duration. The intervention group will receive an alveolar recruitment maneuver, with stepwise increases of PEEP achieving 45 cmH(2)O and peak pressure of 60 cmH2O, followed by ventilation with optimal PEEP titrated according to the static compliance of the respiratory system. In the control group, mechanical ventilation will follow a conventional protocol (ARDSNet). In both groups, we will use controlled volume mode with low tidal volumes (4 to 6 mL/kg of predicted body weight) and targeting plateau pressure <= 30 cmH2O. The primary outcome is 28-day survival, and the secondary outcomes are: length of ICU stay; length of hospital stay; pneumothorax requiring chest tube during first 7 days; barotrauma during first 7 days; mechanical ventilation-free days from days 1 to 28; ICU, in-hospital, and 6-month survival. ART is an event-guided trial planned to last until 520 events (deaths within 28 days) are observed. These events allow detection of a hazard ratio of 0.75, with 90% power and two-tailed type I error of 5%. All analysis will follow the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: If the ART strategy with maximum recruitment and PEEP titration improves 28-day survival, this will represent a notable advance to the care of ARDS patients. Conversely, if the ART strategy is similar or inferior to the current evidence-based strategy (ARDSNet), this should also change current practice as many institutions routinely employ recruitment maneuvers and set PEEP levels according to some titration method.Hospital do Coracao (HCor) as part of the Program 'Hospitais de Excelencia a Servico do SUS (PROADI-SUS)'Brazilian Ministry of Healt

Pharmaceutical care of patients on School-Pharmacy of Federal University of Alfenas

A morbidade e mortalidade associadas ao uso de medicamentos constitui um grande problema de saúde pública. O acompanhamento farmacoterapêutico é um processo pelo qual o farmacêutico tem o objetivo de detectar, prevenir e resolver problemas relacionados com a farmacoterapia. O Método Dáder pode ser uma ferramenta para alcançar este objetivo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi detectar falhas na farmacoterapia de pacientes da Farmácia-Escola da Universidade Federal de Alfenas, utilizando-se o Programa Dáder para a implementação do Acompanhamento Farmacoterapêutico. Setenta pacientes foram avaliados. Um total de 97 Resultados negativos associados à medicação (RNM) foram detectados. Trinta e cinco deles estão relacionados com a segurança, 38 com a efetividade e 24 com a necessidade da farmacoterapia, pois um paciente pode apresentar mais de um resultado negativo associado à medicação. Vinte e seis problemas de saúde foram resolvidos. Estes resultados demonstram que o Método Dáder é efetivo em buscar, detectar, prevenir e resolver problemas relacionados ao medicamento e aplicável ao Acompanhamento Farmacoterapêutico de pacientes brasileiros.Morbidity and mortality associated to the use of medicines is a great problem of public health. The objective of pharmacotherapeutic follow-up by pharmacist is to detect, to prevent and to resolve drug-related problems (DRPs). Dáder method can be a tool to reach this objective. The aim of this work was to detect DRPs in the University Teaching Pharmacy of UNIFAL-MG (Federal University of Alfenas) using Dáder program to implantation of pharmacotherapeutic follow-up. Seventy patients were evaluated. A total of 97 clinical negative results were detected as follow: 35 safety problems, 38 effectiveness problems and 24 not using a medication needed. One patient could be have more than one clinical negative results. A total of 26 clinical negative results received a specific pharmaceutical intervention and were resolved. These results demonstrated that the Dáder method was effective in to detect, to prevent and to resolve DRPs and it is feasible to Brazilian patients' pharmacotherapeutic follow-up.Colegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire