1,191 research outputs found
Refinements to data acquired by 2-dimensional video disdrometers
The 2-Dimensional Video Disdrometer (2DVD) is a commonly used tool for exploring rain microphysics and for validating remotely sensed rain retrievals. Recent work has revealed a persistent anomaly in 2DVD data. Early investigations of this anomaly concluded that the resulting errors in rain measurement were modest, but the methods used to flag anomalous data were not optimized, and related considerations associated with the sample sensing area were not fully investigated. Here, we (i) refine the anomaly-detecting algorithm for increased sensitivity and reliability and (ii) develop a related algorithm for refining the estimate of sample sensing area for all detected drops, including those not directly impacted by the anomaly. Using these algorithms, we explore the corrected data to measure any resulting changes to estimates of bulk rainfall statistics from two separate 2DVDs deployed in South Carolina combining for approximately 10 total years of instrumental uptime. Analysis of this data set consisting of over 200 million drops shows that the error induced in estimated total rain accumulations using the manufacturer-reported area is larger than the error due to considerations related to the anomaly. The algorithms presented here imply that approximately 4.2% of detected drops are spurious and the mean reported effective sample area for drops believed to be correctly detected is overestimated by ~8.5%. Simultaneously accounting for all of these effects suggests that the total accumulated rainfall in the data record is approximately 1.1% larger than the raw data record suggests
A Spectro-photometric Analysis of Cool White Dwarfs in the Gaia and Pan-STARRS Footprint
We present a spectro-photometric analysis of 2880 cool white dwarfs within
100 pc of the Sun and cooler than Teff = 10,000 K, with grizy Pan-STARRS
photometry and Gaia trigonometric parallaxes available. We also supplement our
data sets with near-infrared JHK photometry, when available, which is shown to
be essential for interpreting the coolest white dwarfs in our sample. We
perform a detailed analysis of each individual object using state-of-the-art
model atmospheres appropriate for each spectral type including DA, DC, DQ, DZ,
He-rich DA, and the so-called IR-faint white dwarfs. We discuss the temperature
and mass distributions of each subsample, as well as revisit the spectral
evolution of cool white dwarfs. We find little evidence in our sample for the
transformation of a significant fraction of DA stars into He-atmosphere white
dwarfs through the process of convective mixing between Teff = 10,000 K and
6500 K, although the situation changes drastically in the range Teff = 6500 -
5500 K where the fraction of He-atmosphere white dwarfs reaches 45%. However,
we also provide strong evidence that at even cooler temperatures (Teff < 5200
K), most DC white dwarfs have H atmospheres. We discuss a possible mechanism to
account for this sudden transformation from He- to H-atmosphere white dwarfs
involving the onset of crystallization and the occurrence of magnetism.
Finally, we also argue that DQ, DZ, and DC white dwarfs may form a more
homogeneous population than previously believed.Comment: Accepted for publication in MNRAS (21 pages, 20 figures
La maladie de von-hippel lindau dans une famille togolaise
La maladie de Von Hippel Lindau(VHL) est une affection héréditaire autosomique dominante dont l’expression phénotypique est variable et multiviscérale. Le diagnostic nécessite des arguments cliniques et un plateau technique de pointe. nous rapportons les résultats d’une enquête au sein d’une famille togolaise à partir de deux observations cliniques. Ces observations mettent en exergue les difficultés de la pratique médicale en Afrique subsaharienne liées à un plateau technique inexistant
Plasma Membrane Subdomain Compartmentalization Contributes to Distinct Mechanisms of Ceramide Action on Insulin Signaling
International audienc
Addressing Rural Health Disparities Through Pharmacy Curricula
Approximately 75% of the United States is rural.1 While 20% of the US population lives outside of urban areas, only 9% of physicians and 12% of pharmacists practice in rural areas.2,3 This lack of access to primary care is compounded by the significant need for primary care by citizens in rural areas. More than 1 in 3 adults living in rural America is in poor to fair health, with nearly half having at least 1 major chronic illness.4 Individuals in rural areas have higher rates of smoking as well as obesity, diabetes, and other chronic diseases.5 In its 2005 report on rural health care, the Institute of Medicine asserted that many of the challenges faced by those living in rural areas can be attributed to the lack of access to basic health care services. Furthermore, this report described 5 strategies to address the lack of care in rural areas, and 1 strategy was to increase the supply of primary care health professionals in rural areas through improved education and training.4 Although the report did not specify types of providers, specially trained pharmacists may be able to address the health care disparities found in rural areas
Bale Location Effects on Nutritive Value and Fermentation Characteristics of Annual Ryegrass Bale Stored in In-line Wrapping Silage
In southeastern regions of the US, herbage systems are primarily based on grazing or hay feeding with low nutritive value warm-season perennial grasses. Nutritious herbage such as annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) may be more suitable for preserving as baleage for winter feeding even with more intensive production inputs. Emerging in-line wrapped baleage storage systems featuring rapid wrapping and low polyethylene film requirements need to be tested for consistency of storing nutritive value of a range of annual ryegrass herbage. A ryegrass storage trial was conducted with 24-h wilted ‘Marshall’ annual ryegrass harvested at booting, heading and anthesis stages using three replicated in-line wrapped tubes containing ten round bales per tube. After a six-month storage period, nutritive value changes and fermentation end products differed significantly by harvest stage but not by bale location. Although wilted annual ryegrass exhibited a restricted fermentation across harvest stages characterized by high pH and low fermentation end product concentrations, butyric acid concentrations were less than 1 g/kg dry matter, and lactic acid was the major organic acid in the bales. Mold coverage and bale aroma did not differ substantially with harvest stage or bale location. Booting and heading stage-harvested ryegrass baleage were superior in nutritive value to anthesis stage-harvested herbage. Based on the investigated nutritive value and fermentation characteristics, individual bale location within in-line tubes did not significantly affect preservation quality of ryegrass round bale silages
Genetic diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated from tuberculosis patients in the Serengeti ecosystem in Tanzania
SummaryThis study was part of a larger cross-sectional survey that was evaluating tuberculosis (TB) infection in humans, livestock and wildlife in the Serengeti ecosystem in Tanzania. The study aimed at evaluating the genetic diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from TB patients attending health facilities in the Serengeti ecosystem. DNA was extracted from 214 sputum cultures obtained from consecutively enrolled newly diagnosed untreated TB patients aged ≥18 years. Spacer oligonucleotide typing (spoligotyping) and Mycobacterium Interspersed Repetitive Units and Variable Number Tandem Repeat (MIRU-VNTR) were used to genotype M. tuberculosis to establish the circulating lineages. Of the214 M. tuberculosis isolates genotyped, 55 (25.7%) belonged to the Central Asian (CAS) family, 52 (24.3%) were T family (an ill-defined family), 38 (17.8%) belonged to the Latin American Mediterranean (LAM) family, 25 (11.7%) to the East-African Indian (EAI) family, 25 (11.7%) comprised of different unassigned (‘Serengeti’) strain families, while 8 (3.7%) belonged to the Beijing family. A minority group that included Haarlem, X, U and S altogether accounted for 11 (5.2%) of all genotypes. MIRU-VNTR typing produced diverse patterns within and between families indicative of unlinked transmission chains. We conclude that, in the Serengeti ecosystem only a few successful families predominate namely CAS, T, LAM and EAI families. Other types found in lower prevalence are Beijing, Haarlem, X, S and MANU. The Haarlem, EAI_Somalia, LAM3 and S/convergent and X2 subfamilies found in this study were not reported in previous studies in Tanzania
Sensor Data Visualisation: A Composition-Based Approach to Support Domain Variability
International audienceIn the context of the Internet of Things, sensors are surrounding our environment. These small pieces of electronics are inserted in everyday life's elements (e.g., cars, doors, radiators, smartphones) and continuously collect information about their environment. One of the biggest challenges is to support the development of accurate monitoring dashboard to visualise such data. The one-size-fits-all paradigm does not apply in this context, as user's roles are variable and impact the way data should be visualised: a building manager does not need to work on the same data as classical users. This paper presents an approach based on model composition techniques to support the development of such monitoring dashboards, taking into account the domain variability. This variability is supported at both implementation and modelling levels. The results are validated on a case study named SmartCampus, involving sensors deployed in a real academic campus
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